Advection and diffusion in a variable-salinity confining layer
Leonard F. Konikow, Javier Rodriguez Arevalo
1993, Water Resources Research (29) 2747-2761
A numerical model that simulates groundwater flow and solute transport for cases in which fluid properties are variable was applied in one dimension (vertical) to the shallow, low-permeability, clayey, confining layer in Doñana National Park in southwestern Spain. The salinity in the 80-m-thick confining layer decreases from a brine near...
Geology of kilauea volcano
R. B. Moore, F. A. Trusdell
1993, Geothermics (22) 243-254
This paper summarizes studies of the structure, stratigraphy, petrology, drill holes, eruption frequency, and volcanic and seismic hazards of Kilauea volcano. All the volcano is discussed, but the focus is on its lower cast rift zone (LERZ) because active exploration for geothermal energy is concentrated in that area. Kilauea probably...
Thermal stability of hydrocarbons in nature: Limits, evidence, characteristics, and possible controls
L.C. Price
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 3261-3280
Numerous petroleum-geochemical analyses of deeply buried, high-rank, fine-grained rocks from ultra-deep wellbores by different investigators demonstrate that C15+ hydrocarbons (HCs) persist in moderate to high concentrations at vitrinite reflectance (R0) values of 2.0–5.0% and persist in measurable concentrations up to R0 = 7.0–8.0%, at...
Oxygen buffering of Kilauea volcanic gases and the oxygen fugacity of Kilauea basalt
T.M. Gerlach
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 795-814
Volcanic gases collected during episode 1 of the Puu Oo eruption along the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, have uniform C-O-H-S-Cl-F compositions that are sharply depleted in CO2. The CO2-poor gases are typical of Type II volcanic gases (gerlach and Graeber, 1985) and were emitted from evolved magma...
Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA
J. L. Bischoff, S. Stine, R.J. Rosenbauer, J.A. Fitzpatrick, Thomas W. Stafford Jr.
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 3855-3865
Metastable ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) forms abundantly during winter months along the south shoreline of Mono Lake where shoreline springs mix with lake water. Ikaite precipitates because of its decreased solubility at low temperature and because of orthophosphate-ion inhibition of calcite and aragonite. During the spring some of the ikaite is transformed...
Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota
Jeffrey D. Stoner, David L. Lorenz, Gregg J. Wiche, Robert M. Goldstein
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 575-615
This report describes the physical, chemical, and aquatic-biological characteristics that could affect regional water quality in the Red River of the North study unit. These characteristics define the overall environmental setting of the study unit. This report provides base line and historical information for future reports that will address specific...
Instrumentation for detailed bridge-scour measurements
Mark N. Landers, David S. Mueller, Roy E. Trent
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
A portable instrumentation system is being developed to obtain channel bathymetry during floods for detailed bridge-scour measurements. Portable scour measuring systems have four components: sounding instrument, horizontal positioning instrument, deployment mechanisms, and data storage device. The sounding instrument will be a digital fathometer. Horizontal position will be measured using a...
Chronology, Eruption Duration, and Atmospheric Contribution of the Martian Volcano Apollinaris Patera
M.S. Robinson, P. J. Mouginis-Mark, J. R. Zimbelman, S.S.C. Wu, K.K. Ablin, A. E. Howington-Kraus
1993, Icarus (104) 301-323
Geologic mapping, thermal inertia measurements, and an analysis of the color (visual wavelengths) of the martian volcano Apollinaris Patera indicate the existence of two different surface materials, comprising an early, easily eroded edifice, and a more recent, competent fan on the southern flank. A chronology of six major events that...
Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison
Jeffrey H. List
Anon, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference
A finite-difference model is used to compare long wave amplitudes arising from two-group forced generation mechanisms in the nearshore: long waves generated at a time-varying breakpoint and the shallow-water extension of the bound long wave. Plane beach results demonstrate that the strong frequency selection in the outgoing wave predicted by...
Regional flow in the Baltic Shield during Holocene coastal regression
Clifford I. Voss, Johan Andersson
1993, Groundwater (31) 989-1006
The occurrence of saline waters in the Baltic Shield in Sweden is consistent with ongoing but incomplete Holocene flushing and depends on the geometry and connectivity of conductive structures at both regional and local scales, and on the surface topography. Numerical simulation of regional...
Isotopic evidence of complex ground-water flow at Yucca mountain, Nevada, USA
Zell E. Peterman, John S. Stuckless
1993, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management
Strontium isotopes (expressed as per mill deviation from mean sea water, ??87Sr) reflect interaction between ground water and the aquifer through which it is flowing. In the Cenozoic aquifer of the Yucca Mountain region, ??87Sr values increase from north to south downgradient in the flow system. The largest ??87Sr values...
Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states
E.T. Cleaves
1993, Geomorphology (8) 191-198
The possible impact of periglacial climates on the rate of chemical weathering of a coarse-grained plagioclase-muscovite-quartz schist has been determined for a small watershed near Baltimore, Maryland. The isovolumetric chemical weathering model formulated from the geochemical mass balance study of the watershed...
Long-term ecological research in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. 1993 Annual report to National Park Service.
Jill Baron, B. Newkirk, M. Welker, M. Wotawa
1993, Report
No abstract available....
Differentiation of debris-flow and flash-flood deposits: implications for paleoflood investigations
Christopher F. Waythomas, Robert D. Jarrett
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Debris flows and flash floods are common geomorphic processes in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range and foothills. Usually, debris flows and flash floods are associated with excess summer rainfall or snowmelt, in areas were unconsolidated surficial deposits are relatively thick and slopes are steep. In the Front Range and...
Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge
Janice M. Fulford
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
A program based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methods for indirectly computing peak discharges through culverts allows users to employ input data formats used by the water surface profile program (WSPRO). The program can be used to compute discharge rating surfaces or curves that describe the behavior of flow...
Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals
L. Coleman, L. J. Bragg, R. B. Finkelman
1993, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (15) 215-227
Selenium excess and deficiency have been established as the cause of various health problems in man and animals. Combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, may be a major source of the anthropogenic introduction of selenium in the environment. Coal is enriched in selenium relative to selenium's concentration in most other...
Relation of channel stability to scour at highway bridges over waterways in Maryland
Edward J. Doheny
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Data from assessments of channel stability and observed-scour conditions at 876 highway bridges over Maryland waterways were entered into a database. Relations were found to exist among specific, deterministic variables and observed-scour and debris conditions. Relations were investigated between (1) high-flow angle of attack and pier- and abutment-footing exposure, (2)abutment...
Automated solid-phase extraction of herbicides from water for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis
M. T. Meyer, M. S. Mills, E.M. Thurman
1993, Journal of Chromatography A (629) 55-59
An automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the pre-concentration of chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides, and two triazine metabolites from 100-ml water samples. Breakthrough experiments for the C18 SPE cartridge show that the two triazine metabolites are not fully retained and that increasing...
Nonpoint source contamination of the Mississippi river and its tributaries by herbicides
W. E. Pereira, F. D. Hostettler
1993, Environmental Science & Technology (27) 1542-1552
A study of the Mississippi River and its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992 has indicated that the entire navigable reach of the river is contaminated with a complex mixture of agrochemicals and their transformation products derived from nonpoint sources. Twenty-three compounds were identified, including triazine, chloroacetanilide,...
Water-level, velocity, and dye measurements in the Chicago tunnels
K. A. Oberg, A.R. Schmidt
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
On April 13, 1992, a section of a 100-year-old underground freight tunnel in downtown Chicago, Illinois was breached where the tunnel crosses under the Chicago River, about 15 meters below land surface. The breach allowed water from the Chicago River to flow into the freight tunnels and into buildings connected...
The effects of Hurricane Hugo on suspended-sediment loads, Lago Loiza Basin, Puerto Rico
A. Gellis
1993, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (18) 505-517
In the two main tributaries that enter Lago Loiza, Rio Grande de Loiza and Rio Gurabo, 99 600 tonnes of suspended sediment was transported by 58.2??106 m3 of runoff in a 48 h period. The storm-average suspended-sediment concentration in the Rio Grande de Loiza for Hurricane Hugo was 2290 mgl-1,...
Evidence for late Holocene relative sea-level fall from reconnaissance stratigraphical studies in an area of earthquake-subsided intertidal deposits, Isla Chiloé, southern Chile
L.E. Frostick, R.J. Steel, S. Bartsch-Winkler, H. R. Schmoll
1993, Book chapter, Tectonic controls and signatures in sedimentary successions
At Río Pudeto and Quetalmahue, two estuaries along the northern shore of Isla Chiloé that subsided as much as 2 m in the great 1960 earthquake, reconnaissance stratigraphical studies reveal evidence of a regressive, nearshore marine sequence. The intertidal deposits include a peat-bearing, high-intertidal marsh sequence as thick as...
Survival of lake trout stocked in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario
Joseph H. Elrod, Clifford P. Schneider, David E. Ostergaard
1993, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (13) 775-781
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush of the 1979–1990 year-classes (Lake Superior strain) were marked and stocked as fingerlings or yearlings in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario and recaptured during annual surveys with trawls and gill nets. Catches (as proportions of fish stocked) of age-2 fish by trawls and age-3 fish by gill nets...
Preventing volcanic catastrophe; the U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program
J.W. Ewert, T.L. Murray, A. B. Lockhart, C.D. Miller
1993, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (24) 270-291
When the seismograph began to record the violent earth-shaking caused by yet another eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia, no one thought that a few hours later more than 23,000 people would be dead, killed by lahars (volcanic debris flows) in towns and villages several tens of...
Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 1992
M.A. Cervione Jr., B.S. Davies III, J.R. Bohr, B.W. Hunter
1993, Water Data Report CT-92-1
Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Connecticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 44 streamflow-gaging stations, and for 1 tidal...
