How to overcome inter-electrode variability and instability to quantify dissolved oxygen, Fe(II), mn(II), and S(−II) in undisturbed soils and sediments using voltammetry
Aaron J. Slowey, Mark Marvin-DiPasquale
2012, Geochemical Transactions (13)
Background - Although uniquely capable of measuring multiple redox constituents nearly simultaneously with no or minimal sample pretreatment, voltammetry is currently underutilized in characterizing redox conditions in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Investigation of undisturbed media such as pore water requires a solid-state electrode, and such electrodes can be difficult to fabricate...
Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina
Frank T. van Manen, Matthew F. McCollister, Jeremy M. Nicholson, Laura M. Thompson, Jason L. Kindall, Mark D. Jones
2012, Wildlife Monographs (181) 1-35
Among numerous anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial landscapes, expanding transportation networks represent one of the primary challenges to wildlife conservation worldwide. Larger mammals may be particularly vulnerable because of typically low densities, low reproductive rates, and extensive movements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to document impacts of road networks on...
Effects of future climate change, CO2 enrichment, and vegetation structure variation on hydrological processes in China
Qiuan Zhu, Hong Jiang, Changhui Peng, Jinxun Liu, Xiuqin Fang, Xiaohua Wei, Shirong Liu, Guomo Zhou
2012, Global and Planetary Change (80-81) 123-135
Investigating the relationship between factors (climate change, atmospheric CO2 concentrations enrichment, and vegetation structure) and hydrological processes is important for understanding and predicting the interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere. The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) was used to evaluate the effects of climate change, rising CO2, and vegetation structure on...
Comparison of soil thickness in a zero-order basin in the Oregon Coast Range using a soil probe and electrical resistivity tomography
Michael S. Morse, Ning Lu, Jonathan W. Godt, André Revil, Jeffrey A. Coe
2012, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (138) 1470-1482
Accurate estimation of the soil thickness distribution in steepland drainage basins is essential for understanding ecosystem and subsurface response to infiltration. One important aspect of this characterization is assessing the heavy and antecedent rainfall conditions that lead to shallow landsliding. In this paper, we investigate the direct current (DC) resistivity...
Development of a quantitative assay to measure expression of transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) in Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and evaluation of potential pitfalls in use with field-collected samples
Laura S. Robertson, Christopher A. Ottinger, Summer M. Burdick, Scott P. VanderKooi
2012, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (32) 890-898
The Nature Conservancy is in the process of restoring the Williamson River Delta in an attempt to recreate important juvenile habitat for the endangered shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris and the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus. Measurement of TGF-β mRNA expression level was one of the indicators chosen to evaluate...
Assessment of modal-pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of ordinary standard bridges
E. Kalkan, N. Kwong
2012, Journal of Bridge Engineering (17) 1223-1242
The earthquake engineering profession is increasingly utilizing nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) to evaluate seismic performance of existing structures and proposed designs of new structures. One of the main ingredients of nonlinear RHA is a set of ground motion records representing the expected hazard environment for the structure. When recorded...
Bibliography of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussels) and Dreissena rostriformis Bugensis (QUAGGA mussels): 1989 to 2011
Don W. Schloesser, Christine Schmuckal
2012, Journal of Shellfish Research (31) 1205-1263
Dreissenid mussels invaded and colonized waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes during the late 1980s. Their colonization and resulting impact have been characterized as one of the most important ecological changes in freshwater systems in North America. The need for information on dreissenid mussels has grown during the past 2...
Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico
Helen K. White, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Walter Cho, Timothy M. Shank, Erik E. Cordes, Andrea M. Quattrini, Robert K. Nelson, Richard Camilli, Amanda W.J. Demopoulos, Christopher R. German, James M. Brooks, Harry H. Roberts, William Shedd, Christopher M. Reddy, Charles R. Fisher
2012, PNAS (109) 20303-20308
To assess the potential impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on offshore ecosystems, 11 sites hosting deep-water coral communities were examined 3 to 4 mo after the well was capped. Healthy coral communities were observed at all sites >20 km from the Macondo well, including seven sites previously visited...
Fundamental questions of earthquake statistics, source behavior, and the estimation of earthquake probabilities from possible foreshocks
Andrew J. Michael
2012, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (102) 2547-2562
Estimates of the probability that an ML 4.8 earthquake, which occurred near the southern end of the San Andreas fault on 24 March 2009, would be followed by an M 7 mainshock over the following three days vary from 0.0009 using a Gutenberg–Richter model of aftershock statistics (Reasenberg and Jones,...
Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)
K.B. Haase, W.C. Keene, A.A.P. Pszenny, H.R. Mayne, R.W. Talbot, B.C. Sive
2012, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (5) 4635-4665
Acetic acid is one of the most abundant organic acids in the ambient atmosphere, with maximum mixing ratios reaching into the tens of parts per billion by volume (ppbv) range. The identities and associated magnitudes of the major sources and sinks for acetic acid are poorly characterized, due in part...
Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux
Aditi S. Bhaskar, Judson W. Harvey, Eric J. Henry
2012, Water Resources Research (48)
Hyporheic and groundwater fluxes typically occur together in permeable sediments beneath flowing stream water. However, streambed water fluxes quantified using the thermal method are usually interpreted as representing either groundwater or hyporheic fluxes. Our purpose was to improve understanding of co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes using streambed temperature measurements and...
Highly efficient amplification of chronic wasting disease agent by protein misfolding cyclical amplification with beads (PMCAb)
Chad J. Johnson, Judd M. Aiken, Debbie McKenzie, Michael D. Samuel, Joel A. Pedersen
2012, PLoS ONE (7)
Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) has emerged as an important technique for detecting low levels of pathogenic prion protein in biological samples. The method exploits the ability of the pathogenic prion protein to convert the normal prion protein to a proteinase K-resistant conformation. Inclusion of Teflon® beads in the PMCA...
Lithium
B.W. Jaskula
2012, Mining Engineering (64) 72-73
In 2011, world lithium consumption was estimated to have been about 25 kt (25,000 st) of lithium contained in minerals and compounds, a 10-percent increase from 2010. U.S. consumption was estimated to have been about 2 kt (2,200 st) of contained lithium, a 100-percent increase from 2010. The United States...
Morphological evidence for discrete stocks of yellow perch in Lake Erie
Patrick M. Kocovsky, Carey T. Knight
2012, Journal of Great Lakes Research (38) 534-539
Identification and management of unique stocks of exploited fish species are high-priority management goals in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We analyzed whole-body morphometrics of 1430 yellow perch Perca flavescens captured during 2007–2009 from seven known spawning areas in Lake Erie to determine if morphometrics vary among sites and management units...
Multiple functions of a multi-component mating pheromone in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus
N.S. Johnson, S.-S. Yun, T.J. Buchinger, W. Li
2012, Journal of Fish Biology (80) 538-554
The role of the C24 sulphate in the mating pheromone component, 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24-sulphate (3kPZS), to specifically induce upstream movement in ovulated female sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus was investigated. 7α,12α-dihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24-oic acid (3kACA), a structurally similar bile acid released by spermiated males, but lacking the C24 sulphate ester, was tested in...
Sensitivity of spring phenology to warming across temporal and spatial climate gradients in two independent databases
Benjamin I. Cook, Elizabeth M. Wolkovich, T. Jonathan Davies, Toby R. Ault, Julio L. Betancourt, Jenica M. Allen, Kjell Bolmgren, Elsa E. Cleland, Theresa Crimmins, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Lesley T. Lancaster, Susan J. Mazer, Gregory J. McCabe, Brian J. McGill, Camille Parmesan, Stephanie Pau, James Regetz, Nicolas Salamin, Mark D. Schwartz, Steven E. Travers
2012, Ecosystems (15) 1283-1294
Disparate ecological datasets are often organized into databases post hoc and then analyzed and interpreted in ways that may diverge from the purposes of the original data collections. Few studies, however, have attempted to quantify how biases inherent in these data (for example, species richness, replication, climate) affect their suitability...
Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution
Joseph Long, Nathaniel G. Plant
2012, Geophysical Research Letters (39)
A shoreline change model incorporating both long- and short-term evolution is integrated into a data assimilation framework that uses sparse observations to generate an updated forecast of shoreline position and to estimate unobserved geophysical variables and model parameters. Application of the assimilation algorithm provides quantitative statistical estimates of combined model-data...
Bedrock basins in the Sierra Nevada, Alta California
James G. Moore, Mary A. Gorden, Thomas W. Sisson
2012, California Archaeology (4) 99-122
A 360-km-long belt of more than 1,400 meter-sized granitic bedrock basins occurs at 1,200 to 2,500 m elevation on the west flank of the Sierra Nevada. The circular, smooth basins are 0.7 to 1.7 min diameter and are commonly 50 to 1,000 liters in volume. They are man-made as shown by their restricted...
A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties
Donald R. Schoolmaster Jr., James B. Grace, E. William Schweiger
2012, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (3) 773-781
1. Stewardship of biological and ecological resources requires the ability to make integrative assessments of ecological integrity. One of the emerging methods for making such integrative assessments is multimetric indices (MMIs). These indices synthesize data, often from multiple levels of biological organization, with the goal of deriving a single index...
Sources of shaking and flooding during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a mixture of rupture styles
Shengji Wei, Robert Graves, Don Helmberger, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Junle Jiang
2012, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (333-334) 91-100
Modeling strong ground motions from great subduction zone earthquakes is one of the great challenges of computational seismology. To separate the rupture characteristics from complexities caused by 3D sub-surface geology requires an extraordinary data set such as provided by the recent Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Here we combine deterministic inversion and...
Significant motions between GPS sites in the New Madrid region: implications for seismic hazard
Arthur Frankel, Robert Smalley, J. Paul
2012, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (102) 479-489
Position time series from Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in the New Madrid region were differenced to determine the relative motions between stations. Uncertainties in rates were estimated using a three‐component noise model consisting of white, flicker, and random walk noise, following the methodology of Langbein, 2004. Significant motions of...
Evidence for occurrence, persistence, and growth potential of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Hawaii’s soil environments
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli, Bruce M. Roll, Roger S. Fujioka
2012, Microbes and Environments (27) 164-170
High densities of Escherichia coli and enterococci are common in freshwaters on Oahu and other Hawaiian Islands. Soil along stream banks has long been suspected as the likely source of these bacteria; however, the extent of their occurrence and distribution in a wide range of soils remained unknown until the...
Using spatially detailed water-quality data and solute-transport modeling to improve support total maximum daily load development
Katherine Walton-Day, Robert L. Runkel, Briant A. Kimball
2012, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (48) 949-969
Spatially detailed mass-loading studies and solute-transport modeling using OTIS (One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage) demonstrate how natural attenuation and loading from distinct and diffuse sources control stream water quality and affect load reductions predicted in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Mass-loading data collected during low-flow from Cement Creek (a...
Reversion to virulence and efficacy of an attenuated canarypox vaccine in Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus Virens)
Carter T. Atkinson, Kimberly C. Wiegand, Dennis Triglia, Susan I. Jarvi
2012, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (Vol. 43) 808-819
Vaccines may be effective tools for protecting small populations of highly susceptible endangered, captive-reared, or translocated Hawaiian honeycreepers from introduced Avipoxvirus, but their efficacy has not been evaluated. An attenuated Canarypox vaccine that is genetically similar to one of two passerine Avipoxvirus isolates from Hawai‘i and distinct from Fowlpox was tested to evaluate...
Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron
Wendylee Stott, Mark P. Ebener, Lloyd Mohr, Jeff Schaeffer, Edward F. Roseman, William J. Harford, James E. Johnson, Cherie-Lee Fietsch
2012, Advances in Limnology (63) 241-260
Genetic analysis of spawning lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from six sites in the main basin of Lake Huron was conducted to determine population structure. Samples from fisheryindependent assessment surveys in the northwest main basin were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of lake whitefish genetic populations. Genetic population structure was...
