Hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen dynamics within selected White River reservoirs, northern Arkansas-southern Missouri, 1974-2008
Jeanne L. De Lanois, W. Reed Green
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5090
Dissolved oxygen is a critical constituent in reservoirs and lakes because it is essential for metabolism by all aerobic aquatic organisms. In general, hypolimnetic temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentrations vary from summer to summer in reservoirs, more so than in natural lakes, largely in response to the magnitude of flow into...
Geology and geochemistry of volcanic centers within the eastern half of the Sonoma volcanic field, northern San Francisco Bay region, California
Donald S. Sweetkind, James J. Rytuba, Victoria E. Langenheim, Robert J. Fleck
2011, Geosphere (7) 629-657
Volcanic rocks in the Sonoma volcanic field in the northern California Coast Ranges contain heterogeneous assemblages of a variety of compositionally diverse volcanic rocks. We have used field mapping, new and existing age determinations, and 343 new major and trace element analyses of whole-rock samples...
Fort Collins Science Center fiscal year 2010 science accomplishments
Juliette T. Wilson
2011, Open-File Report 2011-1114
The scientists and technical professionals at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), apply their diverse ecological, socioeconomic, and technological expertise to investigate complicated ecological problems confronting managers of the Nation's biological resources. FORT works closely with U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) agency scientists, the academic...
Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer, predevelopment to 2009, 2007-08, and 2008-09, and change in water in storage, predevelopment to 2009
V. L. McGuire
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5089
The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States - Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of substantial irrigation with groundwater in the aquifer...
Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines
Stuart H.M. Butchart, Matt Walpole, Ben Collen, Arco Van Strien, Jorn P.W. Scharlemann, Rosamunde Almond, Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Bastian Bomhard, Claire Brown, John Bruno, Kent E. Carpenter, Genevieve M. Carr, Janice Chanson, Anna M. Chenery, Jorge Csirke, Nick C. Davidson, Frank Dentener, Matt Foster, Alessandro Galli, James N. Galloway, Piero Genovesi, Richard D. Gregory, Marc Hockings, Valerie Kapos, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Fiona Leverington, Jonathan Loh, Melodie A. McGeoch, Louise McRae, Anahit Minasyan, Monica Hernandez Morcillo, Thomasina E.E. Oldfield, Daniel Pauly, Suhel Quader, Carmen Revenga, John R. Sauer, Benjamin Skolnik, Dian Spear, Damon Stanwell-Smith, Simon N. Stuart, Andy Symes, Megan Tierney, Tristan D. Tyrrell, Jean-Christophe Vie, Reg Watson
2011, Science (328) 1164-1168
In 2002, world leaders committed, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species’ population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent...
Kilauea— An explosive volcano in Hawai‘i
Donald A. Swanson, Dick Fiske, Tim Rose, Bruce F. Houghton, Larry Mastin
2011, Fact Sheet 2011-3064
Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai‘i, though best known for its frequent quiet eruptions of lava flows, has erupted explosively many times in its history - most recently in 2011. At least six such eruptions in the past 1,500 years sent ash into the jet stream, at the cruising...
Development of a precipitation-runoff model to simulate unregulated streamflow in the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Montana
K.J. Chase
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5095
This report documents the development of a precipitation-runoff model for the South Fork Flathead River Basin, Mont. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model, developed in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, can be used to simulate daily mean unregulated streamflow upstream and downstream from Hungry Horse Reservoir for water-resources planning. Two...
Liquefaction and other ground failures in Imperial County, California, from the April 4, 2010, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake
Timothy P. McCrink, Cynthia L. Pridmore, John C. Tinsley III, Robert R. Sickler, Scott J. Brandenberg, Jonathan P. Stewart
2011, Open-File Report 2011-1071
The Colorado River Delta region of southern Imperial Valley, California, and Mexicali Valley, Baja California, is a tectonically dynamic area characterized by numerous active faults and frequent large seismic events. Significant earthquakes that have been accompanied by surface fault rupture and/or soil liquefaction occurred in this region in 1892 (M7.1),...
Changes in water levels and storage in the High Plains Aquifer, predevelopment to 2009
V. L. McGuire
2011, Fact Sheet 2011-3069
The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States - Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The area overlying the High Plains aquifer is one of the primary agricultural regions in the Nation. Water-level declines began in parts...
Development of industrial minerals in Colorado
Belinda F. Arbogast, Daniel H. Knepper, William H. Langer, James A. Cappa, John W. Keller, Beth L. Widmann, Karl J. Ellefsen, Terry L. Klein, Jeffrey E. Lucius, John S. Dersch
2011, Circular 1368
Technology and engineering have helped make mining safer and cleaner for both humans and the environment. Inevitably, mineral development entails costs as well as benefits. Developing a mine is an environmental, engineering, and planning challenge that must conform to many Federal, State, and local regulations. Community collaboration, creative design, and...
Evaluation of angler effort and harvest of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Lake Scanewa, Washington, 2010
Theresa L. Liedtke, Tobias J. Kock, Brian K. Ekstrom, Ryan G. Tomka, Dennis W. Rondorf
2011, Open-File Report 2011-1178
A creel evaluation was conducted in Lake Scanewa, a reservoir on the Cowlitz River, to monitor catch rates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and determine if the trout fishery was having negative impacts on juvenile anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the system. The trout fishery, which is supported by releases...
Habitat diversity in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Selected video clips from the Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline digital archive
Ellen A. Raabe, Robert D’Anjou, Domonique K. Pope, Lisa L. Robbins
2011, Open-File Report 2011-1172
This project combines underwater video with maps and descriptions to illustrate diverse seafloor habitats from Tampa Bay, Florida, to Mobile Bay, Alabama. A swath of seafloor was surveyed with underwater video to 100 meters (m) water depth in 1999 and 2000 as part of the Gulfstream Natural Gas System Survey....
Evidence and biogeochemical implications for glacially-derived sediments in an active margin cold seep
John W. Pohlman, Michael Riedel, Ivana Novosel, James E. Bauer, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Charles K. Paull, Richard B. Coffin, Kenneth S. Grabowski, David L. Knies, Roy D. Hyndman, George D. Spence
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011)
Delineating sediment organic matter origins and sediment accumulation rates at gas hydratebearing and hydrocarbon seeps is complicated by the microbial transfer of 13C-depleted and 14Cdepleted methane carbon into sedimentary pools. Sediment 13C and 14C measurements from four cores recovered at Bullseye vent on the northern Cascadia margin are used to...
Laboratory formation of non-cementing, methane hydrate-bearing sands
William F. Waite, Peter M. Bratton, David H. Mason
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011)
Naturally occurring hydrate-bearing sands often behave as though methane hydrate is acting as a load-bearing member of the sediment. Mimicking this behavior in laboratory samples with methane hydrate likely requires forming hydrate from methane dissolved in water. To hasten this formation process, we initially form hydrate in a free-gas-limited system,...
A petroleum system model for gas hydrate deposits in northern Alaska
T.D. Lorenson, Timothy S. Collett, Florence L. Wong
2011, Conference Paper
Gas hydrate deposits are common on the North Slope of Alaska around Prudhoe Bay, however the extent of these deposits is unknown outside of this area. As part of a United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) gas hydrate research collaboration, well cutting and mud...
Rare earth elements: end use and recyclability
Thomas G. Goonan
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5094
Rare earth elements are used in mature markets (such as catalysts, glassmaking, lighting, and metallurgy), which account for 59 percent of the total worldwide consumption of rare earth elements, and in newer, high-growth markets (such as battery alloys, ceramics, and permanent magnets), which account for 41 percent of the total...
Pockmarks: Self-scouring seep features?
Laura L. Brothers, Joseph T. Kelley, Daniel F. Belknap, Walter A. Barnhardt, Peter O. Koons
2011, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates
Pockmarks, or seafloor craters, occur worldwide in a variety of geologic settings and are often associated with fluid discharge. The mechanisms responsible for pockmark preservation, and pockmarks? relation to active methane venting are not well constrained. Simple numerical simulations run in 2-and 3-dimensions, and corroborated by flume tank experiments, indicate...
Inter-laboratory comparison of wave velocity measures.
William F. Waite, J.C. Santamarina, M. Rydzy, S.H. Chong, J.L.H. Grozic, K. Hester, J. Howard, T.J. Kneafsey, J.Y. Lee, S. Nakagawa, J. Priest, E. Reese, H. Koh, E. D. Sloan, A. Sultaniya
2011, Book, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011)
This paper presents an eight-laboratory comparison of compressional and shear wave velocities measured in F110 Ottawa sand. The study was run to quantify the physical property variations one should expect in heterogeneous, multiphase porous materials by separately quantifying the variability inherent in the measurement techniques themselves. Comparative tests were run...
Design of forest bird monitoring for strategic habitat conservation on Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i
Richard J. Camp, P. Marcos Gorresen
2011, Technical Report HCSU-022
This report was commissioned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The purpose was to develop a monitoring program for Kaua`i forest birds in the USFWS Strategic Habitat Conservation and adaptive management frameworks. Monitoring within those frameworks is a tool to assess resource responses to management and conservation actions,...
Gene expression changes in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain in response to acute exposure to methylmercury
Catherine A. Richter, Natàlia Garcia-Reyero, Chris Martyniuk, Iris Knoebl, Marie Pope, Maureen K. Wright-Osment, Nancy D. Denslow, Donald E. Tillitt
2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (30) 301-308
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxicant and endocrine disruptor that accumulates in aquatic systems. Previous studies have shown suppression of hormone levels in both male and female fish, suggesting effects on gonadotropin regulation in the brain. The gene expression profile in adult female zebrafish whole brain induced by acute (96 h)...
Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope
Ning Lu, Basak Sener Kaya, Jonathan W. Godt
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
The distribution of soil moisture in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope is a transient, variably saturated physical process controlled by rainfall characteristics, hillslope geometry, and the hydrological properties of the hillslope materials. The major driving mechanisms for moisture movement are gravity and gradients in matric potential. The latter is solely...
Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea
Eoghan P. Reeves, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Peter Saccocia, Wolfgang Bach, Paul R. Craddock, Wayne C Shanks, Sean P. Sylva, Emily Walsh, Thomas Pichler, Martin Rosner
2011, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (75) 1088-1123
Processes controlling the composition of seafloor hydrothermal fluids in silicic back-arc or near-arc crustal settings remain poorly constrained despite growing evidence for extensive magmatic–hydrothermal activity in such environments. We conducted a survey of vent fluid compositions from two contrasting sites in the Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea, to examine...
Genetic landscapes GIS Toolbox: Tools to map patterns of genetic divergence and diversity.
Amy G. Vandergast, William M. Perry, Roberto V. Lugo, Stacie A. Hathaway
2011, Molecular Ecology Resources (11) 158-161
The Landscape Genetics GIS Toolbox contains tools that run in the Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS®, to map genetic landscapes and to summarize multiple genetic landscapes as average and variance surfaces. These tools can be used to visualize the distribution of genetic diversity across geographic space and to study associations...
Application of a watershed model (HSPF) for evaluating sources and transport of pathogen indicators in the Chino Basin drainage area, San Bernardino County, California
Joseph A. Hevesi, Lorraine E. Flint, Clinton D. Church, Gregory O. Mendez
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5219
A watershed model using Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) was developed for the urbanized Chino Basin in southern California to simulate the transport of pathogen indicator bacteria, evaluate the flow-component and land-use contributions to bacteria contamination and water-quality degradation throughout the basin, and develop a better understanding of the potential effects...
Simulation of the shallow groundwater-flow system near Mole Lake, Forest County, Wisconsin
Michael N. Fienen, Paul F. Juckem, Randall J. Hunt
2011, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5080
The shallow groundwater system near Mole Lake, Forest County, Wis. was simulated using a previously calibrated regional model. The previous model was updated using newly collected water-level measurements and refinements to surface-water features. The updated model was then used to calculate the area contributing recharge for one existing and two...
