Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America
John Boatwright, Linda C. Seekins
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 1769-1782
We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 Rivière-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely...
Floristic composition, beta diversity, and nestedness of reference sites for restoration of xeroriparian areas
Vanessa B. Beauchamp, P.B. Shafroth
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 465-473
In restoration ecology, reference sites serve as models for areas to be restored and can provide a standard of comparison for restoration project outcomes. When reference sites are located a relatively long distance from associated restoration projects, differences in climate, disturbance history, and biogeography can increase beta diversity and may...
Mark-recapture using tetracycline and genetics reveal record-high bear density
Elizabeth L. Peacock, Kimberly Titus, David L. Garshelis, Mary M. Peacock, Miroslaw Kuc
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1513-1520
We used tetracycline biomarking, augmented with genetic methods to estimate the size of an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population on an island in Southeast Alaska. We marked 132 and 189 bears that consumed remote, tetracycline-laced baits in 2 different years, respectively, and observed 39 marks in 692 bone samples...
Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano
Bruce F. Houghton, Don Swanson, R.J. Carey, J. Rausch, Andrew Sutton
2011, Geology (39) 263-266
We think, conventionally, of volcanic explosive eruptions as being triggered in one of two ways: by release and expansion of volatiles dissolved in the ejected magma (magmatic explosions) or by transfer of heat from magma into an external source of water (phreatic or phreatomagmatic explosions). We document here an event...
Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System
N. Nur, J. Jahncke, M.P. Herzog, J. Howar, K.D. Hyrenbach, J.E. Zamon, D. G. Ainley, J. A. Wiens, K. Morgan, L.T. Balance, D. Stralberg
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 2241-2257
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide an important tool for conservation of marine ecosystems. To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted...
Changing permafrost and its impacts
Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson, Barrie Bonsal, Hanne H. Christiansen, Arne Instanes, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Sharon A. Smith
2011, Book chapter, Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the arctic (SWIPA): climate change and the cryosphere
No abstract available....
Dispersal, mortality, and predation on recently-stocked rainbow trout in Dale Hollow Lake, Tennessee
Tomas J. Ivasauskas, Phillip William Bettoli
2011, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (65) 83-91
Forty-four hatchery-raised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were implanted with ultrasonic tags and stocked into Dale Hollow Lake, Tennessee, and tracked at least once per week for eight weeks to describe post-stocking dispersal rates, movements, and habitat use. Dispersal followed a three-stage pattern characterized by rapid movement away from each stocking...
Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology
Carol A. Finn, Maria Deszcz-Pan
2011, Conference Paper, International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011
High‐resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data flown over the rugged, ice‐covered Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier volcanoes (Washington), reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of...
Apogean-perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio-estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites
S.F. Greb, A.W. Archer, D.G. Deboer
2011, Sedimentology (58) 1434-1452
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear...
Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond
Craig Tobias, J.K. Bohlke
2011, Chemical Geology (283) 18-30
Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen...
Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayorg-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico
S. Wei, E. Fielding, S. Leprince, A. Sladen, J.-P. Avouac, D. Helmberger, E. Hauksson, R. Chu, M. Simons, K. Hudnut, T. Herring, R. Briggs
2011, Nature Geoscience (4) 615-618
The geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures<a id="ref-link-section-d18013e479" title="Bouchon, M., Campillo, M. & Cotton, F. Stress field associated with the rupture of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake and its...
Rising sea level may cause decline of fringing coral reefs
Michael E. Field, Andrea S. Ogston, Curt D. Storlazzi
2011, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (92) 273-274
Coral reefs are major marine ecosystems and critical resources for marine diversity and fisheries. These ecosystems are widely recognized to be at risk from a number of stressors, and added to those in the past several decades is climate change due to anthropogenically driven increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse...
Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States
Lauren E. Hay, Steven L. Markstrom, Christian D. Ward-Garrison
2011, Earth Interactions (15) 1-37
The hydrologic response of different climate-change emission scenarios for the twenty-first century were evaluated in 14 basins from different hydroclimatic regions across the United States using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a process-based, distributed-parameter watershed model. This study involves four major steps: 1) setup and calibration of the PRMS model...
QuickBird satellite imagery as a tool for restoration and rehabilitation of Lake Sevan, Armenia
Martin A. Stapanian
2011, Hydrobiologia (661) 81-83
Lake Sevan in Armenia is the largest freshwater lake in the Transcaucasus region and is one of the largest high-altitude freshwater lakes in Eurasia (Babayan et al., 2006). Armenia is a small (29,743 km2), land- locked country that is comparatively poor in natural resources and...
On the terminology of the spectral vegetation index (NIR – SWIR)/(NIR + SWIR)
Lel Ji, Li Zhang, Bruce K. Wylie, Jennifer R. Rover
2011, International Journal of Remote Sensing (32) 6901-6909
The spectral vegetation index (ρNIR – ρSWIR)/(ρNIR + ρSWIR), where ρNIR and ρSWIR are the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) reflectances, respectively, has been widely used to indicate vegetation moisture condition. This index has multiple names in the literature, including infrared index (II), normalized difference infrared index (NDII), normalized difference...
Mineral resource of the month: garnet
Donald W. Olson
2011, Earth (56) 29-29
Garnet, the birthstone for the month of January, has been used as a gemstone for centuries. Garnet necklaces dating from the Bronze Age have been found in graves, and garnet is found among the ornaments adorning the oldest Egyptian mummies. However, garnet’s characteristics, such as its relatively high hardness and...
Effectiveness of bait tubes for brown treesnake control on Guam
B. Lardner, J. A. Savidge, G.H. Rodda, R.N. Reed, A. A. Yackel Adams, C.S. Clark
2011, Conference Paper, Island Invasives: Eradication and Management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives
A bait tube is a device with which a toxicant inserted in a dead mouse (Mus musculus) can be delivered to invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) with low risk of non-target bait take. We tested two bait tube designs in a 5ha snake enclosure where the identity of virtually every...
Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA)
R. Michael Erwin, D.F. Brinker, B.D. Watts, G.R. Costanzo, D.D. Morton
2011, Journal of Coastal Conservation (15) 51-60
Like many resources in the Chesapeake Bay region of the U.S., many waterbird nesting populations have suffered over the past three to four decades. In this study, historic information for the entire Bay and recent results from the Tangier Sound region were evaluated to illustrate patterns of island erosion and...
The influence of irrigation water on the hydrology and lake water budgets of two small arid-climate lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan
J. Scott, Michael R. Rosen, L. Saito, D.L. Decker
2011, Journal of Hydrology (410) 114-125
Little is known regarding the origins and hydrology of hundreds of small lakes located in the western Uzbekistan province of Khorezm, Central Asia. Situated in the Aral Sea Basin, Khorezm is a productive agricultural region, growing mainly cotton, wheat, and rice. Irrigation is provided by an extensive canal network that...
Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA
Andrew H. Manning
2011, Hydrogeology Journal (19) 379-397
Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) and radiocarbon ages were determined for 43 groundwater samples collected in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico (USA), to identify mountain-block recharge in waters <10 thousand years (ka) old and to evaluate possible changes in mountain-block recharge over the past ∼35 ka. For Holocene samples from...
Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995
Tanja N. Williamson, Charles G. Crawford
2011, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (47) 739-749
Suspended sediment is a constituent of water quality that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. In order to quantify the relationship among different sediment parameters for Kentucky streams, long‐term records were obtained from the National Water Information System...
Mineral resource of the month: indium
Amy C. Tolcin
2011, Earth (56) 27-27
Geologically, the occurrence of indium minerals is rare. The element most often occurs as a sulfide inclusion or substitutes in other base-metal minerals, including cassiterite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and stannite. Indium’s abundance in the crust is estimated to be 0.05 parts per million, which makes it more abundant than silver, but...
Swimming and other activities: applied aspects of fish swimming performance
Theodore R. Castro-Santos
A.P. Farrell, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of fish physiology: from genome to the environment
Human activities such as hydropower development, water withdrawals, and commercial fisheries often put fish species at risk. Engineered solutions designed to protect species or their life stages are frequently based on assumptions about swimming performance and behaviors. In many cases, however, the appropriate data to support these designs are either...
Novel tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for assessing the evolutionary genetics and demographics of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus) invading North America
Tim L. King, Robin L. Johnson
2011, Conservation Genetics Resources (3) 1-4
We document the isolation and characterization of 19 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in northern snakehead (Channa argus) fish that recently colonized Meadow Lake, New York City, New York. These markers displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 6.8 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 74.2%). Demographic analyses suggested that the...
Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas)
E. Muths, R. D. Scherer
2011, Herpetologica (67) 369-377
Much attention has been given to the conservation of small populations, those that are small because of decline, and those that are naturally small. Small populations are of particular interest because ecological theory suggests that they are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of environmental, demographic, and genetic stochasticity as well...
