Inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by low levels of iodine
William N. Batts, Marsha L. Landolt, James R. Winton
1991, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (57) 1379-1385
The fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was rapidly inactivated by extremely low concentrations of iodine in water. A 99.9% virus reduction was obtained in 7.5 s when virus (105PFU/ml) and iodine (0.1 mg/liter, final concentration) were combined in distilled-deionized or hatchery water. Iodine efficacy decreased at pHs greater...
Periphyton accumulation at remote reefs and shoals in Lake Superior
Thomas A. Edsall, Eugene F. Stoermer, John P. Kociolek
1991, Journal of Great Lakes Research (17) 412-418
Observations made from a submarine showed that the bed-rock surfaces at water depths of about 5 to 14 m on Stannard Rock and Superior Shoal in Lake Superior were covered with a dense, fleece-like blanket of periphyton. Examination of the periphyton revealed it consisted primarily of structurally complex, diverse, diatom...
Compsopogon cf. coeruleus, a benthic red alga (Rhodophyta) new to the Laurentian Great Lakes
Bruce A. Manny, Thomas A. Edsall, Daniel E. Wujek
1991, Canadian Journal of Botany (69) 1237-1240
We found Compsopogon cf. coeruleus for the first time in the Laurentian Great Lakes, growing on limestone rocks at a depth of 21 m on Six Fathom Bank in central Lake Huron. It is the first freshwater red alga to be found in the Great Lakes and the only red alga ever found on an...
Chemical equilibrium and mass balance relationships associated with the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.
A. F. White, M. L. Peterson
1991, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (48) 283-302
Recent drilling and sampling of hydrothermal fluids from Long Valley permit an accurate characterization of chemical concentrations and equilibrium conditions in the hydrothermal reservoir. Hydrothermal fluids are thermodynamically saturated with secondary quartz, calcite, and pyrite but are in disequilibrium with respect to aqueous sulfide-sulfate speciation. Hydrothermal fluids are enriched in...
Production of Hexagenia limbata nymphs in contaminated sediments in the Upper Great Lakes connecting channels
Thomas A. Edsall, Bruce A. Manny, Donald W. Schloesser, Susan J. Nichols, Anthony M. Frank
1991, Hydrobiologia (219) 353-361
In April through October 1986, we sampled sediments and populations of nymphs of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia limbata (Serville), at 11 locations throughout the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes, to determine if sediment contaminants adversely affected nymph production. Production over this period was high (980 to 9231 mg...
Use of the Priestley-Taylor evaporation equation for soil water limited conditions in a small forest clearcut
Alan L. Flint, S.W. Childs
1991, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (56) 247-260
The Priestley-Taylor equation, a simplification of the Penman equation, was used to allow calculations of evapotranspiration under conditions where soil water supply limits evapotranspiration. The Priestley-Taylor coefficient, α, was calculated to incorporate an exponential decrease in evapotranspiration as soil water content decreases. The method is appropriate for use when detailed...
Implications for organic maturation studies of evidence of a geologically rapid increase and stabilization of vitrinite reflectance at peak temperature: Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Mexico
C.E. Barker
1991, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (75) 1852-1863
A short-term rapid heating and cooling of the rock in well M-94 below 1300 m was caused by a pulse of hot water passing through the edge of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal system. Below 1300 m, the peak paleotemperatures were about 225-250 degrees C, but equilibrium well log temperatures...
Neogene biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Enewetak Atoll, equatorial Pacific Ocean
T. M. Cronin, L.M. Bybell, E. M. Brouwers, T. G. Gibson, R. Margerum, R.Z. Poore
1991, Marine Micropaleontology (18) 101-114
Micropaleontologic analyses of Neogene sediments from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, provide data on the age of lagoonal deposits, stratigraphic disconformities and the paleoenvironmental and subsidence history of the atoll. Benthic foraminifers, planktic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils and ostracodes were studied from six boreholes, the deepest penetrating 1605 feet below the lagoon...
Importance of geologic characterization of potential low-level radioactive waste disposal sites
C.P. Weibel, R. C. Berg
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 209-214
Using the example of the Geff Alternative Site in Wayne County, Illinois, for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste, this paper demonstrates, from a policy and public opinion perspective, the importance of accurately determining site stratigraphy. Complete and accurate characterization of geologic materials and determination of site stratigraphy at potential...
Inorganic ground-water chemistry at an experimental New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in situ gasification site
T.D. Branam, J.B. Comer, N.R. Shaffer, M.V. Ennis, S.H. Carpenter
1991, Fuel (70) 1317-1323
Experimental in situ gasification of New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) has been conducted in Clark County. Analyses of ground water sampled from a production well and nine nearby monitoring wells 3 months after a brief in situ gasification period revealed changes in water chemistry associated with the gasification procedure. Dissolved iron, calcium and sulphate in...
Proposed method of hydrogeochemical exploration for salt deposits using ClBr ratios, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
C. L. Smith
1991, Applied Geochemistry (6) 249-255
Despite the value of the salt (NaCl) and brine used by the chemical industry, geochemical prospecting techniques are not customarily employed in the search for these raw materials. In this study, Br geochemistry is used as the basis for a proposed hydrogeochemical prospecting technique that was designed to search for...
Origin of xenoliths in the trachyte at Puu Waawaa, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii
David A. Clague, Wendy A. Bohrson
1991, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (108) 439-452
Rare dunite and 2-pyroxene gabbro xenoliths occur in banded trachyte at Puu Waawaa on Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii. Mineral compositions suggest that these xenoliths formed as cumulates of tholeiitic basalt at shallow depth in a subcaldera magma reservoir. Subsequently, the minerals in the xenoliths underwent subsolidus reequilibration that particularly affected chromite...
Methods of measuring pumpage through closed-conduit irrigation systems
L.C. Kjelstrom
1991, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (117) 748-757
Methods of measuring volumes of water withdrawn from the Snake River and its tributaries and pumped through closed‐conduit irrigation systems were needed for equitable management of and resolution of conflicts over water use. On the basis of evaluations and field tests by researchers from the University of Idaho, Water Resources...
Backwater effects in the Amazon River basin of Brazil
R.H. Meade, J.M. Rayol, S.C. Da Conceicao, J.R.G. Natividade
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 105-114
The Amazon River mainstem of Brazil is so regulated by differences in the timing of tributary inputs and by seasonal storage of water on floodplains that maximum discharges exceed minimum discharges by a factor of only 3. Large tributaries that drain the southern Amazon River basin reach their peak discharges...
Field-scale investigation of infiltration into a compacted soil liner
Samuel V. Panno, Beverly L. Herzog, Keros Cartwright, Kenneth R. Rehfeldt, Ivan G. Krapac, Bruce R. Hensel
1991, Groundwater (29) 914-921
Little field-scale research has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of compacted soil barriers in retarding the movement of water and leachates. In response to this need, the Illinois State Geological Survey constructed and instrumented an experimental compacted soil liner. Infiltration of water into...
U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1991, Report
No abstract available....
Geochemistry and exploration criteria for epithermal cinnabar and stibnite vein deposits in the Kuskokwim River region, southwestern Alaska
J. E. Gray, R.J. Goldfarb, D.E. Detra, K. E. Slaughter
1991, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (41) 363-386
Cinnabar- and stibnite-bearing epithermal vein deposits are found throughout the Kuskokwim River region of southwestern Alaska. A geochemical orientation survey was carried out around several of these epithermal lodes to obtain information for planning regional geochemical surveys and to develop procedures which maximize the anomaly: threshold contrast of the deposits....
Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 1. Sulfate from confining beds as an oxidant in microbial CO2 production
F. H. Chapelle, P.B. McMahon
1991, Journal of Hydrology (127) 85-108
A primary source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina is carbon dioxide produced by microbially mediated oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Groundwater chemistry data indicate, however, that the available mass of inorganic electron acceptors (oxygen, Fe(III),...
Intrusion of horizontal dikes: tectonic significance of Middle Proterozoic diabase sheets widespread in the upper crust of the southwestern United States
K. A. Howard
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 12461-12478
Initially horizontal sheet intrusions of Middle Proterozoic diabase are abundant in a region 650 by 300 km across in Arizona and California. The diabase forms discordant sheets in basement granite and gneiss and sills in overlying shelf sedimentary sequences. Massive granite is the most common...
Effects of advanced wastewater treatment on the quality of White River, Indiana
Charles G. Crawford, David J. Wangsness
1991, Water Resources Bulletin (27) 769-779
In 1983, the City of Indianapolis, Indiana, completed construction of advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) systems to enlarge and upgrade its existing Belmont Road and Southport Road secondary treatment plants. A nonparametric statistical procedure, a modified form of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, was used to test for trends in water quality...
Genesis and continuity of quaternary sand and gravel in glacigenic sediment at a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal site in east-central Illinois
K. G. Troost, B. Brandon Curry
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 159-170
The Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety has characterized the Martinsville Alternative Site (MAS) for a proposed low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. The MAS is located in east-central Illinois approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the city of Martinsville. Geologic investigation of the 5.5-km2 (1380-acre) site revealed a sequence of...
A statistical approach to the interpretation of aliphatic hydrocarbon distributions in marine sediments
J. B. Rapp
1991, Chemical Geology (93) 163-177
Q-mode factor analysis was used to quantitate the distribution of the major aliphatic hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, pristane, phytane) systems in sediments from a variety of marine environments. The compositions of the pure end members of the systems were obtained from factor scores and the distribution of the systems within each sample...
Chloride cycling in two forested lake watersheds in the west-central Adirondack Mountains, New York, U.S.A.
N.E. Peters
1991, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (59) 201-215
The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall, soil water, ground water, and surface water was evaluated in two forested lake-watersheds over a 4-yr period to assess factors controlling C1- cycling. Results indicate that C1- cycling in these watersheds is more complex than the generally held view of the rapid transport of atmospherically...
An analytical method for hydrogeochemical surveys: Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after using enrichment coprecipitation with cobalt and ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
D.M. Hopkins
1991, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (41) 349-361
Trace metals that are commonly associated with mineralization were concentrated and separated from natural water by coprecipitation with ammonium pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and cobalt and determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The method is useful in hydrogeochemical surveys because it permits preconcentration near the sample sites, and selected...
Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior
J. E. Quick, T. K. Hinkley, G.M. Reimer, C. E. Hedge
1991, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (69) 132-137
The assertion that deuterium-deuterium fusion may occur at low temperature suggests a potential new source of geothermal heat. If a cold-fusion-like process occurs within the Earth, then a test for its existence would be a search for anomalous tritium in volcanic emissions. The Pu'u O'o crater is the first point...
