Ground-water recharge from streamflow data, NW Florida
John Vecchioli, W. C. Bridges, Roger P. Rumenik, J. W. Grubbs
1991, Conference Paper
Annual base flows of streams draining Okaloosa County and adjacent areas in northwest Florida were determined through hydrograph separation and correlation techniques for purposes of evaluating variations in ground-water recharge rates. Base flows were least in the northern part of the county and greatest in the southern part. Topographic and...
Fossil and active fumaroles in the 1912 eruptive deposits, Valley of ten thousand smokes, Alaska
T. E. C. Keith
1991, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (45) 227-254
Fumaroles in the ash-flow sheet emplaced during the 1912 eruption of Novarupta were intensely active throughout the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) when first studied in 1917. Fumarole temperatures recorded in 1919 were as hot as 645??C. Influx of surface waters into the hot ash-flow sheet provided the fluid...
Shoreline deposits and diagenesis resulting from two Late Pleistocene highstands near +5 and +6 metres, Durban, South Africa
J.A.G. Cooper, R. M. Flores
1991, Marine Geology (97) 325-343
In exposures of Pleistocene rocks on the east coast of South Africa, eight sedimentary facies were distinguished on the basis of petrology, grain size, internal structures and field relationships. These are interpreted as deposits of surf zone, breaker zone, swash zone, backbeach,...
An analytical model for in situ extraction of organic vapors
William R. Roy, R. A. Griffin
1991, Journal of Hazardous Materials (26) 301-317
This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three...
Martian paleolakes and waterways: Exobiological implications
D. H. Scott, J. W. Rice Jr., J. M. Dohm
1991, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere (21) 189-198
The problems of how warm and wet Mars once was and when climate transitions may have occurred are not well understood. Mars may have had an early environment similar to Earth's that was conductive to the ermergence of life. In addition, increasing geologic evidence indicates that water, upon which terrestrial...
Effect of channelization of Rio Puerto Nuevo on ground-water levels in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico
Ingrid Padilla
1991, Conference Paper
Channelization and concrete lining of the Rio Puerto Nuevo and its tributaries in the San Juan Metropolitan area has been proposed to control flooding in low lying areas adjacent to the stream. Concern about the effect of these channel modifications on the ground-water system prompted the U.S. Geological Survey in...
Application of uphole data from petroleum seismic surveys to groundwater investigations, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
D. Woodward, C.M. Menges
1991, Geoexploration (27) 193-212
Velocity data from uphole surveys were used to map the water table and the contact at the base dune sand/top alluvium as part of a joint National Drilling Company-United States Geological Survey Ground Water Research Project in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. During 1981–1983, a reconnaissance seismic survey was...
Inorganic ground-water chemistry at an experimental New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) in situ gasification site
T.D. Branam, J.B. Comer, N.R. Shaffer, M.V. Ennis, S.H. Carpenter
1991, Fuel (70) 1317-1323
Experimental in situ gasification of New Albany Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) has been conducted in Clark County. Analyses of ground water sampled from a production well and nine nearby monitoring wells 3 months after a brief in situ gasification period revealed changes in water chemistry associated with the gasification procedure. Dissolved iron, calcium and sulphate in...
Facies development in the Lower Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
B.S. Pierce, R.W. Stanton, C.F. Eble
1991, International Journal of Coal Geology (18) 17-43
The Lower Freeport coal bed in west-central Pennsylvania is interpreted to have formed within a lacustrine-mire environment. Conditions of peat formation, caused by the changing chemical and physical environments, produced five coal facies and two mineral-rich parting facies within the coal...
An AEM-TEM study of weathering and diagenesis, Abert Lake, Oregon: II. Diagenetic modification of the sedimentary assemblage
J.F. Banfield, B.F. Jones, D.R. Veblen
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 2795-2810
This paper compares the mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in sediments from various depths and positions in Abert Lake and surrounding playa with those of the weathered materials entering the lake in order to reveal the nature and extent of post-depositional mineralogical modification.Analytical electron microscope (AEM) data from individual...
Prospecting for zones of contaminated ground-water discharge to streams using bottom-sediment gas bubbles
Don A. Vroblesky, Michelle M. Lorah
1991, Groundwater (29) 333-340
Decomposition of organic-rich bottom sediment in a tidal creek in Maryland results in production of gas bubbles in the bottom sediment during summer and fall. In areas where volatile organic contaminants discharge from ground water, through the bottom sediment, and into the creek, part of the volatile contamination diffuses into...
Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis
T.B. Coplen, J. D. Wildman, J. Chen
1991, Analytical Chemistry (63) 910-912
Improved precision in the H2-H2O equilibration method for δD analysis has been achieved in an automated system. Reduction in 1-σ standard deviation of a single mass-spectrometer analysis to 1.3‰ is achieved by (1) bonding catalyst to glass rods and assigning use to specific equilibration chambers to monitor performance of catalyst,...
Regional hydrogeological screening characteristics used for siting near-surface waste-disposal facilities in Oklahoma, U.S.A.
K.S. Johnson
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (17) 3-7
The Oklahoma Geological Survey has developed several maps and reports for preliminary screening of the state of Oklahoma to identify areas that are generally acceptable or unacceptable for disposal of a wide variety of waste materials. These maps and reports focus on the geologic and hydrogeologic parameters that must be...
Origin of xenoliths in the trachyte at Puu Waawaa, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii
David A. Clague, Wendy A. Bohrson
1991, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (108) 439-452
Rare dunite and 2-pyroxene gabbro xenoliths occur in banded trachyte at Puu Waawaa on Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii. Mineral compositions suggest that these xenoliths formed as cumulates of tholeiitic basalt at shallow depth in a subcaldera magma reservoir. Subsequently, the minerals in the xenoliths underwent subsolidus reequilibration that particularly affected chromite...
A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States
W.M. Alley, P. Cohen
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (17) 17-22
Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to...
Gaylussite formation at Mono Lake, California
J. L. Bischoff, D.B. Herbst, R.J. Rosenbauer
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 1743-1747
The salinity of Mono Lake has steadily increased since 1941 from 50%. to about 90%. due to diversion of tributary streams. This increase has resulted in the newly discovered precipitation of gaylussite (Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O). Chemical modeling of the lake water using Pitzer equations suggests that gaylussite has been forming year...
Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan
S. W. Hostetler
1991, Climate Dynamics (6) 43-48
A model of lake ice was coupled with a model of lake temperature and evaporation to assess the possible effect of ice cover on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan. The simulations were done using a data set based on proxy temperature indicators and features of the simulated late-Pleistocene...
Calibration of a texture-based model of a ground-water flow system, western San Joaquin Valley, California
Steven P. Phillips, Kenneth Belitz
1991, Ground Water (29) 702-715
The occurrence of selenium in agricultural drain water from the western San Joaquin Valley, California, has focused concern on the semiconfined ground-water flow system, which is underlain by the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation. A two-step procedure is used to calibrate a preliminary model of the system for...
Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy
G. L. Feder, Z. Radovanovic, R. B. Finkelman
1991, Conference Paper, Kidney International
Field studies in epidemiology and environmental geochemistry in areas in Yugoslavia containing villages with a high incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), indicate a possible relationship between the presence of low-rank coal deposits and the etiology of BEN. Preliminary results from qualitative chemical analyses of drinking water from shallow farm...
Herbicides in streams. Midwestern United States
Donald A. Goolsby, E. Michael Thurman, Dana W. Kolpin
1991, Conference Paper
Results from a 2-year study of 149 streams geographically distributed across the corn-producing region of 10 midwestern States show that detectable concentrations of herbicides persist year round in most streams. Some herbicides exceeded proposed maximum contaminant levels for drinking water for periods of several weeks to several months following application....
The significance of Rb-Sr glauconite ages, Bonneterre Formation, Missouri; late Devonian-early Mississippian brine migration in the Midcontinent
H. J. Stein, S.A. Kish
1991, Journal of Geology (99) 468-481
Rb-Sr mean model ages of for glauconites from the Cambrian lower Bonneterre Formation in southern and central Missouri (in contrast to mean model ages of from the middle and upper Bonneterre) are in excellent agreement with...
Backwater effects in the Amazon River basin of Brazil
R.H. Meade, J.M. Rayol, S.C. Da Conceicao, J.R.G. Natividade
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 105-114
The Amazon River mainstem of Brazil is so regulated by differences in the timing of tributary inputs and by seasonal storage of water on floodplains that maximum discharges exceed minimum discharges by a factor of only 3. Large tributaries that drain the southern Amazon River basin reach their peak discharges...
Tritium as an indicator of ground-water age in Central Wisconsin
Kenneth R. Bradbury
1991, Groundwater (29) 398-404
In regions where ground water is generally younger than about 30 years, developing the tritium input history of an area for comparison with the current tritium content of ground water allows quantitative estimates of minimum ground-water age. The tritium input history for central Wisconsin has been constructed using precipitation tritium...
Infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water in Utah
William C. Brothers, Susan A. Thiros
1991, Conference Paper
The ground-water hydrology of Panguitch Valley and adjacent areas, south-central Utah, was studied during 1988-90. One objective of the study was to measure ground-water recharge from infiltration of unconsumed irrigation water. Water-level and soil-moisture data were used to estimate travel times for water moving down through the soil profile, and...
Use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick, C. R. Demas, D.K. Demcheck
1991, Conference Paper, IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)
Studies have demonstrated the utility of fluvial bed sediment chemical data in assesing local water-quality conditions. However, establishing local background trace element levels can be difficult. Reference to published average concentrations or the use of dated cores are often of little use in small areas of diverse local petrology, geology,...
