Atmospheric stability effects on wind fields and scalar mixing within and just above a subalpine forest in sloping terrain
Sean P. Burns, Jielun Sun, D.H. Lenschow, S.P. Oncley, B.B. Stephens, C. Yi, Dean E. Anderson, Jiawen Hu, Russell K. Monson
2011, Boundary-Layer Meteorology (138) 231-262
Air temperature T a , specific humidity q, CO2 mole fraction χ c , and three-dimensional winds were measured in mountainous terrain from five tall towers within a 1 km region encompassing a wide range of canopy densities. The measurements were sorted by a bulk Richardson number Ri b . For stable conditions, we found vertical scalar differences developed over a “transition”...
Pigeonholing pyroclasts: Insights from the 19 March 2008 explosive eruption of Kīlauea volcano
Bruce F. Houghton, Don Swanson, R.J. Carey, J. Rausch, Andrew Sutton
2011, Geology (39) 263-266
We think, conventionally, of volcanic explosive eruptions as being triggered in one of two ways: by release and expansion of volatiles dissolved in the ejected magma (magmatic explosions) or by transfer of heat from magma into an external source of water (phreatic or phreatomagmatic explosions). We document here an event...
Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance
L.N. Fletcher, B.E. Hesman, P.G.J. Irwin, K. H. Baines, T.W. Momary, A. Sanchez-Lavega, F.M. Flasar, P.L. Read, G.S. Orton, A. Simon-Miller, R. Hueso, G.L. Bjoraker, A. Mamoutkine, Rio-Gaztelurrutia Del, J.M. Gomez, B. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson, Christophe Sotin
2011, Science (332) 1413-1417
Saturn’s slow seasonal evolution was disrupted in 2010–2011 by the eruption of a bright storm in its northern spring hemisphere. Thermal infrared spectroscopy showed that within a month, the resulting planetary-scale disturbance had generated intense perturbations of atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition between 20° and 50°N over an entire hemisphere...
Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: a potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater
Christopher T. Mills, Jean M. Morrison, Martin B. Goldhaber, Karl J. Ellefsen
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26) 1488-1501
Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization’s maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 μg L−1) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on...
Mark-recapture using tetracycline and genetics reveal record-high bear density
Elizabeth L. Peacock, Kimberly Titus, David L. Garshelis, Mary M. Peacock, Miroslaw Kuc
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1513-1520
We used tetracycline biomarking, augmented with genetic methods to estimate the size of an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population on an island in Southeast Alaska. We marked 132 and 189 bears that consumed remote, tetracycline-laced baits in 2 different years, respectively, and observed 39 marks in 692 bone samples...
Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America
John Boatwright, Linda C. Seekins
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 1769-1782
We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 Rivière-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely...
Use of waveform lidar and hyperspectral sensors to assess selected spatial and structural patterns associated with recent and repeat disturbance and the abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in a temperate mixed hardwood and conifer forest
J.E. Anderson, Mark J. Ducey, A. Fast, M.E. Martin, L. Lepine, M.-L. Smith, T.D. Lee, R.O. Dubayah, M.A. Hofton, P. Hyde, Birgit Peterson, J.B. Blair
2011, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (5)
Waveform lidar imagery was acquired on September 26, 1999 over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in New Hampshire (USA) using NASA's Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). This flight occurred 20 months after an ice storm damaged millions of hectares of forestland in northeastern North America. Lidar measurements of the amplitude...
Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes
R.T. Amos, Barbara A. Bekins, Geoffrey N. Delin, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, D.W. Blowes, J. D. Kirshtein
2011, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (125) 13-25
High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH4 attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH4 and CO2, and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the...
Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes
Juan Reppucci, Beth Gardner, Mauro Lucherini
2011, Journal of Mammalogy (92) 140-147
The Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita) is one of the most endangered, yet least known, felids. Although the Andean cat is considered at risk of extinction, rigorous quantitative population studies are lacking. Because physical observations of the Andean cat are difficult to make in the wild, we used a camera-trapping array...
Beaver assisted river valley formation
Cherie J. Westbrook, D.J. Cooper, Bruce W. Baker
2011, River Research and Applications (27) 247-256
We examined how beaver dams affect key ecosystem processes, including pattern and process of sediment deposition, the composition and spatial pattern of vegetation, and nutrient loading and processing. We provide new evidence for the formation of heterogeneous beaver meadows on riverine system floodplains and terraces where dynamic flows are capable...
Detecting aseismic strain transients from seismicity data
Andrea L. Llenos, Jeffrey J. McGuire
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
Aseismic deformation transients such as fluid flow, magma migration, and slow slip can trigger changes in seismicity rate. We present a method that can detect these seismicity rate variations and utilize these anomalies to constrain the underlying variations in stressing rate. Because ordinary aftershock sequences often obscure changes in the...
Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
L.C. Cheek, C.M. Pieters, J.W. Boardman, R. N. Clark, J. #NAME? Combe, J.W. Head, P.J. Isaacson, T. B. McCord, D. Moriarty, J.W. Nettles, N.E. Petro, J.M. Sunshine, L.A. Taylor
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
Soils within the impact crater Goldschmidt have been identified as spectrally distinct from the local highland material. High spatial and spectral resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) on the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter are used to examine the character of Goldschmidt crater in detail. Spectral parameters applied to a north...
Furunculosis and other aeromonad diseases
Rocco C. Cipriano, Brian Austin
2011, Book chapter, Fish diseases and disorders: viral, bacterial and fungal, Volume 3: viral, bacterial and fungal infections
No abstract available....
Benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in Lake Huron are linked to submerged groundwater vents
Sanders T. Garrison, B.A. Biddanda, Craig A. Stricker, S.C. Nold
2011, Aquatic Biology (12) 1-12
Groundwater can be an important source of nutrients and energy to aquatic ecosystems, but quantifying the inputs and biogeochemical importance remains challenging. A series of submerged groundwater vents in northern Lake Huron were examined to determine the linkage between groundwater nutrients and aquatic food webs. We collected samples of key...
Maintenance of phenotypic variation: Repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population
B.H. Letcher, J.A. Coombs, K.H. Nislow
2011, Evolutionary Applications (4) 602-615
Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within-cohort variation in birth dates, among-individual growth variation and size-selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of...
Estimation of demographic parameters in a tiger population from long-term camera trap data
K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols
Allan F. O’Connell, James D. Nichols, K. Ullas Karanth, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Camera traps in animal ecology
Chapter 7 (Karanth et al.) illustrated the use of camera trapping in combination with closed population capture–recapture (CR) models to estimate densities of tigers Panthera tigris. Such estimates can be very useful for investigating variation across space for a particular species (e.g., Karanth et al. 2004) or variation among species...
Response to comment on "pAHs underfoot: Contaminated dust from coal-tar sealcoated pavement is widespread in the U.S."
Peter C. Van Metre, Barbara Mahler
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 3187-3188
No abstract available....
Estimating tiger abundance from camera trap data: Field surveys and analytical issues
K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols
Allan F. O’Connell, James D. Nichols, K. Ullas Karanth, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Camera traps in animal ecology
Automated photography of tigers Panthera tigris for purely illustrative purposes was pioneered by British forester Fred Champion (1927, 1933) in India in the early part of the Twentieth Century. However, it was McDougal (1977) in Nepal who first used camera traps, equipped with single-lens reflex cameras activated by pressure pads,...
Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222
N. T. Dimova, W. C. Burnett
2011, Limnology and Oceanography (56) 486-494
In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of 222Rn (radon, t1/2=3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well‐mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant 222Rn source is via groundwater discharge;...
Active aeolian processes on Mars: A regional study in Arabia and Meridiani Terrae
S. Silvestro, D.A. Vaz, L.K. Fenton, Paul E. Geissler
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
We present evidence of widespread aeolian activity in the Arabia Terra/Meridiani region (Mars), where different kinds of aeolian modifications have been detected and classified. Passing from the regional to the local scale, we describe one particular dune field in Meridiani Planum, where two ripple populations are distinguished by means of...
Random variability explains apparent global clustering of large earthquakes
A.J. Michael
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
The occurrence of 5 Mw ≥ 8.5 earthquakes since 2004 has created a debate over whether or not we are in a global cluster of large earthquakes, temporarily raising risks above long-term levels. I use three classes of statistical tests to determine if the record of M ≥ 7 earthquakes...
Science, conservation, and camera traps
James D. Nichols, K. Ullas Karanth, Allan F. O’Connel
Allan F. O’Connell, James D. Nichols, K. Ullas Karanth, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Camera traps in animal ecology: Methods and analyses
Biologists commonly perceive camera traps as a new tool that enables them to enter the hitherto secret world of wild animals. Camera traps are being used in a wide range of studies dealing with animal ecology, behavior, and conservation. Our intention in this volume is not to simply present the...
Magnetic properties in an ash flow tuff with continuous grain size variation: a natural reference for magnetic particle granulometry
J.L. Till, M.J. Jackson, J. G. Rosenbaum, P. Solheid
2011, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (12)
The Tiva Canyon Tuff contains dispersed nanoscale Fe-Ti-oxide grains with a narrow magnetic grain size distribution, making it an ideal material in which to identify and study grain-size-sensitive magnetic behavior in rocks. A detailed magnetic characterization was performed on samples from the basal 5 m of the tuff. The magnetic...
Inference for occupancy and occupancy dynamics
Allan F. O’Connell, Larissa L. Bailey
Allan F. O’Connell, James D. Nichols, K. Ullas Karanth, editor(s)
2011, Book chapter, Camera traps in animal ecology
This chapter deals with the estimation of occupancy as a state variable to assess the status of, and track changes in, species distributions when sampling with camera traps. Much of the recent interest in occupancy estimation and modeling originated from the models developed by MacKenzie et al. (2002, 2003), although...
Recent plant eradications on the islands of Maui County, Hawai'i
Teya M. Penniman, Lori Buchanan, Lloyd L. Loope
C.R. Veitch, Mike N. Clout, D. R. Towns, editor(s)
2011, Conference Paper, Island invasives: eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives
The state of Hawai'i (USA) has few regulations to limit plant introductions. A network of interagency islandbased invasive species committees has evolved over the past decade to address this vulnerability, with the aim of stopping invasions before they threaten natural areas. On Maui, Moloka‘i, and Lāna‘i, which comprise three of...
