Fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream with a nitrate supplement, southern Mississippi, U.S.A.
R. E. Rathbun, D. W. Stephens, D. Y. Tai
1991, Journal of Hydrology (123) 225-242
The fate of acetone in an outdoor model stream to which nitrate was added as a nutrient supplement was determined. The stream, in southern Mississippi, U.S.A. was 234 m long. Water was supplied to the stream by an artesian well at about 1.21 s−1, resulting in a mean water velocity...
Radon-222 and its parent radionuclides in groundwater from two study areas in New Jersey and Maryland, U.S.A.
R. B. Wanty, S. L. Johnson, Paul H. Briggs
1991, Applied Geochemistry (6) 305-318
A study of groundwater chemistry and radionuclide mobility in New Jersey and Maryland was conducted to investigate natural processes that control the mobility of radionuclides in the water-rock system. Groundwater was sampled from two geological units in New Jersey and from six in Maryland. The water sampled was from aquifiers...
Field and modelling studies of immiscible fluid flow above a contaminated water-table aquifer
W.N. Herkelrath, H.I. Essaid, K.M. Hess
1991, Conference Paper, National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia
A method was developed for measuring the spatial distribution of immiscible liquid contaminants in the subsurface. Fluid saturation distributions measured at a crude-oil spill site were used to test a numerical multiphase flow model....
A Sr-isotopic comparison between thermal waters, rocks, and hydrothermal calcites, Long Valley caldera, California
F. Goff, H.A. Wollenberg, D.C. Brookins, R. W. Kistler
1991, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (48) 265-281
The 87Sr/86Sr values of thermal waters and hydrothermal calcites of the Long Valley caldera geothermal system are more radiogenic than those of young intracaldera volcanic rocks. Five thermal waters display 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7081-0.7078 but show systematically lighter values from west to east in the direction of lateral flow. We believe...
Rise and demise of the Bahama-Grand Banks gigaplatform, northern margin of the Jurassic proto-Atlantic seaway
C. Wylie Poag
1991, Marine Geology (102) 63-130
An extinct, > 5000-km-long Jurassic carbonate platform and barrier reef system lies buried beneath the Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States. A revised stratigraphic framework, a series of regional isopach maps, and paleogeographic reconstructions are used to illustrate...
Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models
Susan K. Jenson
1991, Hydrological Processes (5) 31-44
Digital elevation models (DEMs) can be used to derive a wealth of information about the morphology of a land surface. Traditional raster analysis methods can be used to derive slope, aspect, and shaded relief information; recently-developed computer programs can be used to delineate depressions, overland flow paths, and watershed boundaries....
Seabed measurements of modern corrosion rates on the Florida escarpment
C. K. Paull, R.F. Commeau, Joseph R. Curray, A.C. Neumann
1991, Geo-Marine Letters (11) 16-22
A mooring containing diverse carbonate and anhydrite substrates was exposed to bottom waters for 9 months at the base of the Florida Escarpment to determine the influence of dissolution on the development of this continental margin. Weight loss was measured on all samples. Etching, pitting, and loss of the original...
Development and application of a hillslope hydrologic model
C. A. Blain, P. C. D. Milly
1991, Advances in Water Resources (14) 168-174
A vertically integrated two-dimensional lateral flow model of soil moisture has been developed. Derivation of the governing equation is based on a physical interpretation of hillslope processes. The lateral subsurface-flow model permits variability of precipitation and evapotranspiration, and allows arbitrary specification of soil-moisture retention properties. Variable slope, soil thickness, and...
Numerical assessment of a landfill compliance limit
Bruce R. Hensel, Donald A. Keefer, Robert A. Griffin, Richard Berg
1991, Groundwater (29) 218-224
The PLASM and Random Walk ground-water flow and contaminant transport models were used to assess the potential impact of various proposed regulatory compliance distances on landfill siting. Contaminant transport modeling was performed for 16 generalized geological sequences representative of hydrogeological conditions over an estimated 90...
Interfacing data analysis and numerical modeling for tidal hydrodynamic phenomena
R. T. Cheng, J.R. Burau, J. W. Gartner
B. B. Parker, editor(s)
1991, Book chapter, Tidal Hydrodynamics
No abstract available....
Herbicides in surface waters of the midwestern United States: The effect of spring flush
E.M. Thurman, D. A. Goolsby, M. T. Meyer, D.W. Kolpin
1991, Environmental Science & Technology (25) 1794-1796
Approximately three-fourths of all preemergent herbicides used in the United States are applied to row crops over a 12-state area, called the "corn belt" (I). The application of these compounds may cause widespread degradation of water quality (2). Because herbicides are water soluble, there is the potential for leaching into...
Estimating estuarine flushing and residence times in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, via salt balance and a box model
R. L. Miller, B. F. McPherson
1991, Limnology and Oceanography (36) 602-612
The new concept is that, over many tidal cycles, the tidally averaged "flow' (Qg) of water from the Gulf of Mexico, with a salinity of 35???, can be treated as a constant at any point in the estuary. This flow is used in a simple mixing equation to predict salinity...
National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. A basis for water-resource policy development
P. Patrick Leahy, William G. Wilber
1991, Conference Paper
The concepts that are the basis for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program began forming in the early 1980's. By 1986, a pilot phase was initiated to test and refine assessment concepts and in 1991, the NAWQA program began a multi-year transition to a fully operational program....
Geochemical mass-balance in a small forested watershed in southwestern Pennsylvania
Emitt C. Witt III, Michael Bikerman
1991, Conference Paper
An intensive hydrologic investigation of the North Fork Bens Creek Watershed on Laurel Hill in southwestern Pennsylvania was made during 1984-85. Precipitation was sampled weekly, and stream water was sampled monthly and during selected storms for discharge and chemical composition. The watershed is underlain by sandstone and sandy shale consisting...
Overburden deformation and hydrologic changes due to longwall coal mine subsidence on the Illinois Basin
J.T. Kelleher, D. J. Van Roosendaal, B.B. Mehnert, D.F. Brutcher, R.A. Bauer
Anon, editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)
Subsidence-induced deformation and hydrologic changes were studied at two active longwall coal mines in Illinois using surveying and geotechnical monitoring. Surface subsidence characteristics fall into a range common to other Illinois longwall operations. Subsidence-induced water level fluctuations correlated with mining activity and the passing of the dynamic subsidence wave. Aquifer...
Landscape analysis: Theoretical considerations and practical needs
A.E. Godfrey, E.T. Cleaves
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (17) 141-155
Numerous systems of land classification have been proposed. Most have led directly to or have been driven by an author's philosophy of earth-forming processes. However, the practical need of classifying land for planning and management purposes requires that a system lead to predictions of the results of management activities. We...
Effects of drainage on water, sediment and biota
Richard A. Engberg, Marc A. Sylvester, Herman R. Feltz
1991, Conference Paper
The U.S. Department of the Interior started a program in 1985 to identify effects of irrigation-induced trace constituents in water, bottom sediment and biota. The program was developed in response to concerns that contamination similar to that found in 1983 at Kesterson Reservoir in California might exist elsewhere. Studies are...
Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components
H. W. Hjalmarson, F. N. Robertson
1991, Conference Paper
Lyman Lake is an irrigation-storage reservoir on the Little Colorado River near St. Johns, Arizona. The main sources of water for the lake are streamflow in the Little Colorado River and ground-water inflow from the underlying Coconino aquifer. Two approaches, a hydrologic analysis and a geochemical analysis, were used to...
Isotopic discontinuities in ground water beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada
J. S. Stuckless, J. F. Whelan, W.C. Steinkampf
Anon, editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, High Level Radioactive Waste Management
Analytical data for stable isotopes in ground water from beneath Yucca Mountain, when examined in map view, show areal patterns of heterogeneity that can be interpreted in terms of mixing of at least three end members. One end member must be isotopically heavy in terms of hydrogen and oxygen and...
Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis
T.B. Coplen, J. D. Wildman, J. Chen
1991, Analytical Chemistry (63) 910-912
Improved precision in the H2-H2O equilibration method for δD analysis has been achieved in an automated system. Reduction in 1-σ standard deviation of a single mass-spectrometer analysis to 1.3‰ is achieved by (1) bonding catalyst to glass rods and assigning use to specific equilibration chambers to monitor performance of catalyst,...
Importance of closely spaced vertical sampling in delineating chemical and microbiological gradients in groundwater studies
R. L. Smith, R.W. Harvey, D.R. LeBlanc
1991, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (7) 285-300
Vertical gradients of selected chemical constituents, bacterial populations, bacterial activity and electron acceptors were investigated for an unconfined aquifer contaminated with nitrate and organic compounds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Fifteen-port multilevel sampling devices (MLS's) were installed within the contaminant plume at the source of the contamination, and at 250...
Periphyton accumulation at remote reefs and shoals in Lake Superior
Thomas A. Edsall, Eugene F. Stoermer, John P. Kociolek
1991, Journal of Great Lakes Research (17) 412-418
Observations made from a submarine showed that the bed-rock surfaces at water depths of about 5 to 14 m on Stannard Rock and Superior Shoal in Lake Superior were covered with a dense, fleece-like blanket of periphyton. Examination of the periphyton revealed it consisted primarily of structurally complex, diverse, diatom...
Disturbance effects on aquatic vegetation in regulated and unregulated lakes in northern Minnesota
Douglas A. Wilcox, James E. Meeker
1991, Canadian Journal of Botany (69) 1542-1551
The effects of water-level regulation on aquatic macrophyte communities were investigated by comparing two regulated lakes in northern Minnesota with a nearby unregulated lake (Lac La Croix). Natural annual fluctuations of about 1.8 m were replaced with fluctuations of 1.1 m and 2.7 m in the regulated lakes, and the...
Seasonal patterns of prey availability and the foraging behavior of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in a waterfowl nesting area
Alice Stickney
1991, Canadian Journal of Zoology (69) 2853-2859
The foraging behavior of arctic foxes was observed in a waterfowl nesting area on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska in 1985–1986. Observations were made during peak fox activity from two towers, 3 m high, located in different community types. Data were collected continuously for individual foxes on specific activities, the community...
Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese land-based gillnet fishery for salmon
Anthony R. DeGange, Robert H. Day
1991, The Condor (93) 251-258
Mortality rates of seabirds in the Japanese land-based drift gillnet fishery for salmon were assessed from 413 gillnet sets made by Japanese research vessels in offshore areas used by the commercial fleet. Sixteen species of seabirds were recorded in nets. Shearwaters, primarily Short-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris), and to a lesser...
