Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.
G.A. Brooks, G.A. Olyphant, D. Harper
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 39-47
In part of a large abandoned mining complex, electromagnetic geophysical surveys were used along with data derived from cores and monitoring wells to infer sources of contamination and subsurface hydrologic connections between acidic refuse deposits and adjacent undisturbed geologic materials. Electrical resistivity increases sharply along the boundary of an elevated...
Development and application of a hillslope hydrologic model
C. A. Blain, P. C. D. Milly
1991, Advances in Water Resources (14) 168-174
A vertically integrated two-dimensional lateral flow model of soil moisture has been developed. Derivation of the governing equation is based on a physical interpretation of hillslope processes. The lateral subsurface-flow model permits variability of precipitation and evapotranspiration, and allows arbitrary specification of soil-moisture retention properties. Variable slope, soil thickness, and...
Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia
K. M. Scott, G. Rabone, M.A. Chaffee
1991, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (40) 413-426
The Wagga Tank Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au deposit comprises multiple, steeply dipping and structurally controlled sulfide lodes within Early Devonian turbidites and volcaniclastics. Complete weathering at the prospect extends to 100 m below the current land surface. Detailed geochemical studies of drill-derived regolith material were supplemented by extensive mineralogical investigations and enable the...
Aerobic biodegradation potential of subsurface microorganisms from a jet fuel-contaminated aquifer
C.M. Aelion, P. M. Bradley
1991, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (57) 57-63
In 1975, a leak of 83,000 gallons (314,189 liters) of jet fuel (JP-4) contaminated a shallow water-table aquifer near North Charleston, S.C. Laboratory experiments were conducted with contaminated sediments to assess the aerobic biodegradation potential of the in situ microbial community. Sediments were incubated with 14C-labeled organic compounds, and the...
The September 1988 intracaldera avalanche and eruption at Fernandina volcano, Galapagos Islands
W.W. Chadwick Jr., T. De Roy, A. Carrasco
1991, Bulletin of Volcanology (53) 276-286
During 14-16 September 1988, a large intracaldera avalanche and an eruption of basaltic tephra and lava at Fernandina volcano, Galapagos, produced the most profound changes within the caldera since its collapse in 1968. A swarm of eight earthquakes (mb 4.7-5.5) occurred in a 14 h period on 24 February 1988...
Rates of soil development from four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin
J.W. Harden, E. M. Taylor, C. Hill, R. K. Mark, L. D. McFadden, M.C. Reheis, J.M. Sowers, S. G. Wells
1991, Quaternary Research (35) 383-399
Four soil chronosequences in the southern Great Basin were examined in order to study and quantify soil development during the Quaternary. Soils of all four areas are developed in gravelly alluvial fans in semiarid climates with 8 to 40 cm mean annual precipitation. Lithologies of alluvium are granite-gneiss at Silver...
Capture zones for simple aquifers
Carl D. McElwee
1991, Ground Water (29) 587-590
Abstract. The protection and cleanup of aquifers is a matter of high priority for all states and the federal government. One concept that is receiving increased attention is that of wellhead protection. Capture zones showing the area influenced by a well within a certain time are...
Determining the mean hydraulic gradient of ground water affected by tidal fluctuations
Michael E. Serfes
1991, Ground Water (29) 549-555
Tidal fluctuations in surface-water bodies produce progressive pressure waves in adjacent aquifers. As these pressure waves propagate inland, ground-water levels and hydraulic gradients continuously fluctuate, creating a situation where a single set of water-level measurements cannot be used to accurately characterize ground-water flow. For example,...
Importance of closely spaced vertical sampling in delineating chemical and microbiological gradients in groundwater studies
R. L. Smith, R.W. Harvey, D.R. LeBlanc
1991, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (7) 285-300
Vertical gradients of selected chemical constituents, bacterial populations, bacterial activity and electron acceptors were investigated for an unconfined aquifer contaminated with nitrate and organic compounds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Fifteen-port multilevel sampling devices (MLS's) were installed within the contaminant plume at the source of the contamination, and at 250...
The late Cenozoic diatom stratigraphy and paleolimnology of Tule Lake, Siskiyou Co. California
J.P. Bradbury
1991, Journal of Paleolimnology (6) 205-255
Lacustrine diatoms are diverse, well preserved and abundant in cores of lake sediment to 334 m depth near the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, northern California. The cores have been dated by radiometric, tephrochronologic and paleomagnetic techniques, which indicate a basal age of about 3 million years (Ma) and a...
Applications of hydrologic information automatically extracted from digital elevation models
Susan K. Jenson
1991, Hydrological Processes (5) 31-44
Digital elevation models (DEMs) can be used to derive a wealth of information about the morphology of a land surface. Traditional raster analysis methods can be used to derive slope, aspect, and shaded relief information; recently-developed computer programs can be used to delineate depressions, overland flow paths, and watershed boundaries....
Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland
E. M. Brouwers, N.O. Jorgensen, T. M. Cronin
1991, Micropaleontology (37) 245-267
The Kap Kobenhavn Formation crops out in Greenland at 80??N latitude and marks the most northerly onshore Pliocene locality known. The sands and silts that comprise the formation were deposited in marginal marine and shallow marine environments. An abundant and diverse vertebrate and invertebrate fauna and plant megafossil flora provide...
Performance of the goulden large-sample extractor in multiclass pesticide isolation and preconcentration from stream water
G.D. Foster, W.T. Foreman, Paul M. Gates
1991, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (39) 1618-1622
The reliability of the Goulden large-sample extractor in preconcentrating pesticides from water was evaluated from the recoveries of 35 pesticides amended to filtered stream waters. Recoveries greater than 90% were observed for many of the pesticides in each major chemical class, but recoveries for some of the individual pesticides varied...
Detection of poly(ethylene glycol) residues from nonionic surfactants in surface water by1h and13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
J.A. Leenheer, R.L. Wershaw, P.A. Brown, T.I. Noyes
1991, Environmental Science & Technology (25) 161-168
??? Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) residues were detected in organic solute isolates from surface water by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), 13C NMR spectrometry, and colorimetric assay. PEG residues were separated from natural organic solutes in Clear Creek, CO, by a combination of methylation and chromatographic procedures. The isolated PEG...
Balloon and core sampling for determining bulk density of alluvial desert soil
Brian J. Andraski
1991, Soil Science Society of America Journal (55) 1188-1190
Samples were collected from major strata in the upper 5 m of an alluvial soil profile in the Amargosa Desert of southern Nevada to compare rubber-balloon and drive-core bulk-density measurement methods. For strate where the fine soil was <82% sand and <15% clay, differences between total and fine-soil bulk-density values...
Brine evolution and mineral deposition in hydrologically open evaporite basins
W. E. Sanford, W.W. Wood
1991, American Journal of Science (291) 687-710
A lumped-parameter, solute mass-balance model is developed to define the role of water outflow from a well-mixed basin. A mass-balance model is analyzed with a geochemical model designed for waters with high ionic strengths. Two typical waters, seawater and a Na-HCO3 ground water, are analyzed to illustrate the control that...
Mineral remains of early life on Earth? On Mars?
E. Iberall-Robbins, A. S. Iberall
1991, Geomicrobiology Journal (9) 51-66
The oldest sedimentary rocks on Earth, the 3.8‐Ga Isua Iron‐Formation in southwestern Greenland, are metamorphosed past the point where organic‐walled fossils would remain. Acid residues and thin sections of these rocks reveal ferric microstructures that have filamentous, hollow rod, and spherical shapes not characteristic of crystalline minerals. Instead, they resemble...
Chemical, isotopic, and dissolved gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho
Robert H. Mariner, H.W. Young, W. E. Evans, D. J. Parliman
1991, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions (15) 257-263
The chemical, isotopic, and gas compositions of the hydrothermal system in Twin Falls and Jerome counties, Idaho, change systematically as the water moves northward from the Idaho-Nevada boundary toward the Snake River. Sodium, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, dissolved helium, and carbon-13 increase as calcium and carbon-14 decrease. Water-rock reactions may result...
A review of the hydrogeologic-geochemical model for Cerro Prieto
M.J. Lippmann, A.H. Truesdell, S. E. Halfman-Dooley, A. Manonm
1991, Geothermics (20) 39-52
With continued exploitation of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal field, there is increasing evidence that the hydrogeologic model developed by Halfman and co-workers presents the basic features controlling the movement of geothermal fluids in the system. In mid–1987 the total installed capacity at Cerro Prieto reached 620 MWc, requiring a...
Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods
Arthur J. Horowitz
1991, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Multiple linear regression models calculated from readily obtainable chemical and physical parameters can explain a high percentage (70% or greater) of observed sediment trace-element variance for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Sb, Se, and Hg. Almost all the factors used in the various models fall into the category...
Jellyfish Lake, Palau: early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments of an anoxic marine lake
W. H. Orem, W. C. Burnett, W.M. Landing, W.B. Lyons, W. Showers
1991, Limnology and Oceanography (36) 526-543
The major postdepositional change in the sedimentary organic matter is carbohydrate biodegradation. Lignin and aliphatic substances are preserved in the sediments. Dissolved organic matter in pore waters is primarily composed of carbohydrates, reflecting the degradation of sedimentary carbohydrates. Rate constants for organic carbon degradation and sulfate reduction in sediments of...
Large-scale distribution of metal contamination in the fine-grained sediments of the Clark Fork River, Montana, U.S.A.
E.V. Axtmann, S. N. Luoma
1991, Applied Geochemistry (6) 75-88
Historic discharges from the mining and smelting complex at the head-waters of the Clark Fork River have resulted in elevated Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the <60 μm fraction of both bed and flood-plain sediments of the river. Processes affecting the trends in longitudinal distributions of these...
Parameterizing the equilibrium distribution of chemicals between the dissolved, solid particulate matter, and colloidal matter compartments in aqueous systems
J. F. Pankow, S. W. McKenzie
1991, Environmental Science & Technology (25) 2046-2053
The manner in which a chemical material partitions among the dissolved (D), participate (P), and colloidal (C) phases affects both its chemical and physical behavior in the aquatic environment. The fractions of the chemical that are present in each of these three phases will be determined by the values of...
Areal extent, hydrogeologic characteristics, and possible origins of the carbonate rock Newburg Zone (Middle-Upper Silurian) in Ohio
M.L. Strobel, E. F. Bugliosi
1991, Ohio Journal of Science (91) 209-215
The zone occurs in carbonate rocks of Middle to Late Silurian age across much of Ohio. Known also to well drillers as the "Second Water' in the "Big Lime' carbonate sequence, the Newburg zone is a source of hydrocarbons in northeast Ohio, brines in southeast Ohio, and a widespread source...
Temporal trends in fluvial-sediment discharge in Ohio, 1950-1987
S. M. Hindall
1991, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (46) 311-313
Long-term fluvial-sediment records of annual suspended-sediment discharge data are available for eight daily suspended-sediment stations operated in Ohio. Graphical and statistical analyses of long-term sediment records indicate that, in general, no long-term (>3- to 5-year) trends are readily apparent in the relation between annual mean suspended-sediment discharge and water discharge...
