Adaptive management in the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System: Science-management partnerships for conservation delivery
C. T. Moore, E. V. Lonsdorf, M. G. Knutson, H. P. Laskowski, S. K. Lor
2011, Journal of Environmental Management (92) 1395-1402
Adaptive management is an approach to recurrent decision making in which uncertainty about the decision is reduced over time through comparison of outcomes predicted by competing models against observed values of those outcomes. The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) of the...
Probabilistic fault displacement hazards for the southern san andreas fault using scenarios and empirical slips
R. Chen, M.D. Petersen
2011, Earthquake Spectra (27) 293-313
We apply a probabilistic method to develop fault displacement hazard maps and profiles for the southern San Andreas Fault. Two slip models are applied: (1) scenario slip, defined by the ShakeOut rupture model, and (2) empirical slip, calculated using regression equations relating global slip to earthquake magnitude and distance along...
Managed flood effects on beaver pond habitat in a desert riverine ecosystem, bill williams river, Arizona USA
D.C. Andersen, P.B. Shafroth, C.M. Pritekel, M. W. O’Neill
2011, Wetlands (31) 195-206
The ecological effects of beaver in warm-desert streams are poorly documented, but potentially significant. For example, stream water and sediment budgets may be affected by increased evaporative losses and sediment retention in beaver ponds. We measured physical attributes of beaver pond and adjacent lotic habitats on a regulated Sonoran Desert...
Rangewide phylogeography and landscape genetics of the Western U.S. endemic frog Rana boylii (Ranidae): Implications for the conservation of frogs and rivers
A.J. Lind, P.Q. Spinks, G. M. Fellers, H.B. Shaffer
2011, Conservation Genetics (12) 269-284
Genetic data are increasingly being used in conservation planning for declining species. We sampled both the ecological and distributional limits of the foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in this declining, riverine amphibian. We evaluated 1525 base pairs (bp) of cytochrome b and ND2 fragments...
Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance
L.N. Fletcher, B.E. Hesman, P.G.J. Irwin, K. H. Baines, T.W. Momary, A. Sanchez-Lavega, F.M. Flasar, P.L. Read, G.S. Orton, A. Simon-Miller, R. Hueso, G.L. Bjoraker, A. Mamoutkine, Rio-Gaztelurrutia Del, J.M. Gomez, B. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson, Christophe Sotin
2011, Science (332) 1413-1417
Saturn’s slow seasonal evolution was disrupted in 2010–2011 by the eruption of a bright storm in its northern spring hemisphere. Thermal infrared spectroscopy showed that within a month, the resulting planetary-scale disturbance had generated intense perturbations of atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition between 20° and 50°N over an entire hemisphere...
Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues
L.S. McCarty, P.F. Landrum, S. N. Luoma, J.P. Meador, A.A. Merten, B.K. Shephard, A.P. van Wezelzz
2011, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (7) 7-27
The tissue residue dose concept has been used, although in a limited manner, in environmental toxicology for more than 100 y. This review outlines the history of this approach and the technical background for organic chemicals and metals. Although the toxicity of both can be explained in tissue residue terms,...
Notes on the origin of inertinite macerals in coals: Funginite associations with cutinite and suberinite
J.C. Hower, J.M.K. O’Keefe, C.F. Eble, T.J. Volk, A.R. Richardson, Anne B. Satterwhite, R.S. Hatch, I.J. Kostova
2011, International Journal of Coal Geology (85) 186-190
The association of fungus with plant leaves and roots is ubiquitous. While many of these occurrences are considered to be pathogenic, mycorrhizzal fungal associations with roots are essential for plant growth. Despite the common knowledge of such relationships in plant science, with a few exceptions, the fungus/leaf/root/stem association as the...
Recent faulting in western Nevada revealed by multi-scale seismic reflection
R.N. Frary, J.N. Louie, W. J. Stephenson, J. K. Odum, A. Kell, A. Eisses, G.M. Kent, N. W. Driscoll, R. Karlin, R. L. Baskin, S. Pullammanappallil, L.M. Liberty
2011, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (30) 1373-1377
The main goal of this study is to compare different reflection methods used to image subsurface structure within different physical environments in western Nevada. With all the methods employed, the primary goal is fault imaging for structural information toward geothermal exploration and seismic hazard estimation. We use seismic CHIRP a...
Comparative performance of CO2 measuring methods: marine aquaculture recirculation system application
T.J. Pfeiffer, S.T. Summerfelt, B.J. Watten
2011, Aquacultural Engineering (44) 1-9
Many methods are available for the measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide in an aqueous environment. Standard titration is the typical field method for measuring dissolved CO2 in aquaculture systems. However, titrimetric determination of dissolved CO2 in marine water aquaculture systems is unsuitable because of the high dissolved solids, silicates, and...
Trophic magnification of PCBs and its relationship to the octanol-water partition coefficient
D.M. Walters, M.A. Mills, B.S. Cade, L.P. Burkard
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 3917-3924
We investigated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation relative to octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) and organism trophic position (TP) at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (South Carolina). We measured PCBs (127 congeners) and stable isotopes (??15N) in sediment, organic matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. TP, as calculated from ??15N, was significantly,...
Classification of Thermal Patterns at Karst Springs and Cave Streams
A.J. Luhmann, M.D. Covington, Albert J. Peters, S.C. Alexander, C.T. Anger, J.A. Green, Anthony C. Runkel, E.C. Alexander
2011, Ground Water (49) 324-335
Thermal patterns of karst springs and cave streams provide potentially useful information concerning aquifer geometry and recharge. Temperature monitoring at 25 springs and cave streams in southeastern Minnesota has shown four distinct thermal patterns. These patterns can be divided into two types: those produced by flow paths with ineffective heat...
Seismic hazard assessment: Issues and alternatives
Z. Wang
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 11-25
Seismic hazard and risk are two very important concepts in engineering design and other policy considerations. Although seismic hazard and risk have often been used inter-changeably, they are fundamentally different. Furthermore, seismic risk is more important in engineering design and other policy considerations. Seismic hazard assessment is an effort by...
Multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW of models with high shear-wave velocity contrast
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, S. Peterie, C. Zeng, J. Xia, T. Schwenk
2011, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (30) 1384-1390
We use the multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW method to analyze synthetic seismic data calculated using models with high shear-wave velocity Vs contrast. The MASW dispersion-curve images of the Rayleigh wave are obtained using various sets of source-offset and spread-size configurations from the synthetic seismic data and compared with...
Structural stability of methane hydrate at high pressures
J. Shu, X. Chen, I-Ming Chou, W. Yang, Jiawen Hu, R.J. Hemley, Ho-kwang Mao
2011, Geoscience Frontiers (2) 93-100
The structural stability of methane hydrate under pressure at room temperature was examined by both in-situ single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques on samples with structure types I, II, and H in diamond-anvil cells. The diffraction data for types II (sII) and H (sH) were refined to the known structures...
Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation
S. Ge, J. McKenzie, C. Voss, Q. Wu
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat...
Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods
Y. Wei, V.V. Titov, A. Newman, G. Hayes, Liujuan Tang, C. Chamberlin
2011, Conference Paper, OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book
Tsunami source is the origin of the subsequent transoceanic water waves, and thus the most critical component in modern tsunami forecast methodology. Although impractical to be quantified directly, a tsunami source can be estimated by different methods based on a variety of measurements provided by deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and...
Migration and wintering areas of glaucous-winged Gulls from south-central Alaska
Scott A. Hatch, V.A. Gill, D.M. Mulcahy
2011, Condor (113) 340-351
We used satellite telemetry to investigate the migration patterns and wintering areas of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Middleton Island, Alaska, where this species' population increased tenfold from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fall migration spanned 11 weeks, including numerous stopovers en route, apparently for feeding. Spring migration from wintering...
Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles
Amrika Deonarine, Boris Lau, George R. Aiken, Joseph N. Ryan, Heileen Hsu-Kim
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 3217-3223
Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with...
Leaders' perspectives in the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative
D.J. Mattson, S.G. Clark, K.L. Byrd, S.R. Brown, B. Robinson
2011, Policy Sciences (44) 103-133
The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y) was created in 1993 to advance conservation in a 1.2 million km2 portion of the North American Rocky Mountains. We assembled 21 people with influence over Y2Y in a workshop to elucidate perspectives on challenges and solutions for this organization at a key...
Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Erica N. Madison, John F. Piatt, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Marc D. Romano, Thomas I. van Pelt, S. Kim Nelson, Jeffrey C. Williams, Anthony R. DeGange
2011, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (39) 111-122
The Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is adapted for life in glacial-marine ecosystems, being concentrated in the belt of glaciated fjords in the northern Gulf of Alaska from Glacier Bay to Cook Inlet. Most of the remaining birds are scattered along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, where they...
Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads
Peter J. Murphy, Sophie St-Hilaire, Paul Stephen Corn
2011, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (95) 31-42
Prevalence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), implicated in amphibian population declines worldwide, is associated with habitat moisture and temperature, but few studies have varied these factors and measured the response to infection in amphibian hosts. We evaluated how varying humidity, contact with water, and temperature affected the manifestation of...
Experimental determination of the phase boundary between kornelite and pentahydrated ferric sulfate at 0.1MPa
W.G. Kong, A. Wang, I.-M. Chou
2011, Chemical Geology (284) 333-338
Recent findings of various ferric sulfates on Mars emphasize the importance of understanding the fundamental properties of ferric sulfates at temperatures relevant to that of Martian surface. In this study, the phase boundary between kornelite (Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O) and pentahydrated ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O) was experimentally determined using the humidity-buffer technique together with...
Effects of dams in river networks on fish assemblages in non-impoundment sections of rivers in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA
L. Wang, D. Infante, J. Lyons, J. Stewart, A. Cooper
2011, River Research and Applications (27) 473-487
Regional assessment of cumulative impacts of dams on riverine fish assemblages provides resource managers essential information for dam operation, potential dam removal, river health assessment and overall ecosystem management. Such an assessment is challenging because characteristics of fish assemblages are not only affected by dams, but also influenced by natural...
Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four yucca moths
Christopher Irwin Smith, Shantel Tank, William Godsoe, Jim Levenick, Eva Strand, Todd C. Esque, Olle Pellmyr
2011, PLoS ONE (6)
Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic...
Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA
Samantha Badil, Diane G. Elliott, Tomofumi Kurobe, Ronald P. Hedrick, Kathy Clemens, Marilyn Blair, Maureen K. Purcell
2011, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (23) 19-29
Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha...
