Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
E. K. Montgomery-Brown, D. K. Sinnett, K.M. Larson, Michael P. Poland, P. Segall, Asta Mikijus
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two-segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a...
High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records
J. Douglas, D.M. Boore
2011, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (9) 395-409
The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (<1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates...
Evaluating the growth potential of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) feeding on siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior
E.K. Moody, B.C. Weidel, T.D. Ahrenstorff, W.P. Mattes, J.F. Kitchell
2011, Journal of Great Lakes Research (37) 343-348
Differences in the preferred thermal habitat of Lake Superior lake trout morphotypes create alternative growth scenarios for parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) attached to lake trout hosts. Siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) inhabit deep, consistently cold water (4–6 °C) and are more abundant than lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) which...
Leaders' perspectives in the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative
D.J. Mattson, S.G. Clark, K.L. Byrd, S.R. Brown, B. Robinson
2011, Policy Sciences (44) 103-133
The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y) was created in 1993 to advance conservation in a 1.2 million km2 portion of the North American Rocky Mountains. We assembled 21 people with influence over Y2Y in a workshop to elucidate perspectives on challenges and solutions for this organization at a key...
A novel approach for direct estimation of fresh groundwater discharge to an estuary
Neil K. Ganju
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
Coastal groundwater discharge is an important source of freshwater and nutrients to coastal and estuarine systems. Directly quantifying the spatially integrated discharge of fresh groundwater over a coastline is difficult due to spatial variability and limited observational methods. In this study, I applied a novel approach to estimate net freshwater...
Effects of hatchery fish density on emigration, growth, survival, and predation risk of natural steelhead parr in an experimental stream channel
Christopher P. Tatara, Stephen C. Riley, Barry A. Berejikian
2011, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (31) 224-235
Hatchery supplementation of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss raises concerns about the impacts on natural populations, including reduced growth and survival, displacement, and increased predation. The potential risks may be density dependent.We examined how hatchery stocking density and the opportunity to emigrate affect the responses of natural steelhead parr in an experimental...
Stress transfer among en echelon and opposing thrusts and tear faults: Triggering caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake
J. Lin, R.S. Stein, M. Meghraoui, S. Toda, A. Ayadi, C. Dorbath, S. Belabbes
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (116)
The essential features of stress interaction among earthquakes on en echelon thrusts and tear faults were investigated, first through idealized examples and then by study of thrust faulting in Algeria. We calculated coseismic stress changes caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri earthquake, finding that a large majority of...
Radionuclides, trace elements, and radium residence in phosphogypsum of Jordan
R. A. Zielinski, M. S. Al-Hwaiti, J. R. Budahn, J. F. Ranville
2011, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (33) 149-165
Voluminous stockpiles of phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the wet process production of phosphoric acid are stored at many sites around the world and pose problems for their safe storage, disposal, or utilization. A major concern is the elevated concentration of long-lived 226Ra (half-life = 1,600 years) inherited from the processed...
Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells
J. D. Ayotte, Z. Szabo, M. J. Focazio, S. M. Eberts
2011, Applied Geochemistry (26) 747-762
The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes...
Hyperkyphosis in longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) of North Central Texas
Samuel W. Kelley
2011, Western North American Naturalist (71) 121-126
Two mature female longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) exhibiting severe hyperkyphotic spinal deformities were captured during the 2010 spring spawn at Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas. Yet, despite their deformities and impaired motility, both longnose gar were in overall good condition. Hyperkyphosis in both longnose gar resulted from fused trunk vertebrae...
Geochemical and isotopic study of soils and waters from an Italian contaminated site: Agro Aversano (Campania)
M.A. Bove, R. A. Ayuso, B. de Vivo, A. Lima, S. Albanese
2011, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (109) 38-50
Lead isotope applications have been widely used in recent years in environmental studies conducted on different kinds of sampled media. In the present paper, Pb isotope ratios have been used to determine the sources of metal pollution in soils and waters in the Agro Aversano area. During three different sampling...
Rapid change in the defense of flightless young by a mourning dove parent
James Berdeen, David L. Otis
2011, Southeastern Naturalist (10) 374-377
We report that an adult-sized Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove), presumably a parent, rapidly decreased risk taken in defense of a juvenile as the likelihood of predation to the juvenile increased. We attribute this decrease in risk taken to (1) the parent's perception that the risk of predation had increased to...
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) return after an absence of nearly 90 years: A case of reversion to anadromy
L. Godbout, C.C. Wood, R.E. Withler, S. Latham, R.J. Nelson, L. Wetzel, R. Barnett-Johnson, M.J. Grove, A.K. Schmitt, K.D. McKeegan
2011, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (68) 1590-1602
We document the recent reappearance of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that were thought to have been extirpated by the construction of hydroelectric dams on the Coquitlam and Alouette rivers in British Columbia, Canada, in 1914 and 1927, respectively. Unexpected downstream migrations of juveniles during experimental water releases...
Bedform response to flow variability
J. M. Nelson, B.L. Logan, P.J. Kinzel, Y. Shimizu, S. Giri, R.L. Shreve, S.R. McLean
2011, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (36) 1938-1947
Laboratory observations and computational results for the response of bedform fields to rapid variations in discharge are compared and discussed. The simple case considered here begins with a relatively low discharge over a flat bed on which bedforms are initiated, followed by a short high‐flow period with double the original...
The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén Volcano, Chile
Charles Wicks, Llera J. C. De La J. C., L.E. Lara, J. Lowenstern
2011, Nature (478) 374-377
Rhyolite is the most viscous of liquid magmas, so it was surprising that on 2 May 2008 at Chaitén Volcano, located in Chile’s southern Andean volcanic zone, rhyolitic magma migrated from more than 5 km depth in less than 4 hours and erupted explosively with only two days of detected precursory seismic activity....
Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen
David D. Gustine, Perry S. Barboza, James P. Lawler, Stephen M. Arthur, Brad S. Shults, Kate Persons, Layne G. Adams
2011, Oikos (120) 1546-1556
Identifying links between nutritional condition of individuals and population trajectories greatly enhances our understanding of the ecology, conservation, and management of wildlife. For northern ungulates, the potential impacts of a changing climate to populations are predicted to be nutritionally mediated through an increase in the severity and variance in winter...
Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles
Amrika Deonarine, Boris Lau, George R. Aiken, Joseph N. Ryan, Heileen Hsu-Kim
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 3217-3223
Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with...
Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures
N. Wang, R.A. Consbrock, C.G. Ingersoll, M.C. Barnhart
2011, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (30) 2270-2276
A draft update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for ammonia substantially lowers the ammonia AWQC, primarily due to the inclusion of toxicity data for freshwater mussels. However, most of the mussel data used in the updated AWQC were generated from water-only exposures and limited...
Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations
F. F. Pollitz
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 2481-2498
The generation of seismicity catalogs on synthetic fault networks holds the promise of providing key inputs into probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis, for example, the coefficient of variation, mean recurrence time as a function of magnitude, the probability of fault-to-fault ruptures, and conditional probabilities for foreshock-mainshock triggering. I employ a seismicity simulator...
A comparison of methods to assess long-term changes in Sonoran Desert vegetation
S.M. Munson, R. H. Webb, J.A. Hubbard
2011, Journal of Arid Environments (75) 1228-1231
Knowledge about the condition of vegetation cover and composition is critical for assessing the structure and function of ecosystems. To effectively quantify the impacts of a rapidly changing environment, methods to track long-term trends of vegetation must be precise, repeatable, and time- and cost-efficient. Measuring vegetation cover and composition in...
Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee
J.L. Kindall, L.I. Muller, J. D. Clark, J.L. Lupardus, J.L. Murrow
2011, Journal of Wildlife Management (75) 1745-1752
We used an individual-based population model to perform a viability analysis to simulate population growth (λ) of 167 elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis; 71 male and 96 female) released in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, to estimate sustainability (i.e., λ > 1.0) and identify the most appropriate options for managing elk restoration. We transported...
Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method
Matteo Detto, Joseph Verfaillie, Frank Anderson, Liukang Xu, Dennis Baldocchi
2011, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (151) 1312-1324
Closed- and open-path methane gas analyzers are used in eddy covariance systems to compare three potential methane emitting ecosystems in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (CA, USA): a rice field, a peatland pasture and a restored wetland. The study points out similarities and differences of the systems in field experiments and...
Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System
N. Nur, J. Jahncke, M.P. Herzog, J. Howar, K.D. Hyrenbach, J.E. Zamon, D. G. Ainley, J. A. Wiens, K. Morgan, L.T. Balance, D. Stralberg
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 2241-2257
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide an important tool for conservation of marine ecosystems. To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted...
Native and exotic plants of fragments of sagebrush steppe produced by geomorphic processes versus land use
N. Huntly, R. Bangert, S.E. Hanser
2011, Plant Ecology (212) 1549-1561
Habitat fragmentation and invasion by exotic species are regarded as major threats to the biodiversity of many ecosystems. We surveyed the plant communities of two types of remnant sagebrush-steppe fragments from nearby areas on the Snake River Plain of southeastern Idaho, USA. One type resulted from land use (conversion to...
Groupers on the edge: Shelf edge spawning habitat in and around marine reserves of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Felicia C. Coleman, Kathryn M. Scanlon, Christopher C. Koenig
2011, Professional Geographer (63) 456-474
The northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains some of the most diverse and productive marine habitat in the United States. Much of this habitat, located on the shelf edge in depths of 50 to 120 m, supports spawning for many economically important species, including groupers. Here, we couple acoustic surveys with...
