Recent increases in atmospheric deposition of mercury to North-Central Wisconsin lakes inferred from sediment analyses
R.G. Rada, J.G. Wiener, M.R. Winfrey, D.E. Powell
1989, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (18) 175-181
Profiles of total mercury (Hg) concentrations in sediments were examined in 11 lakes in north-central Wisconsin having a broad range of pH (5.1 to 7.8) and alkalinity (-12 to 769 μeq/L). Mercury concentrations were greatest in the top 15 cm of the cores and were much lower...
Digital line graphs from 1:100,000-scale maps
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1989, Data Users Guide 2
The National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC) distributes digital cartographic/geographic data files produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the National Mapping Program. Digital cartographic data files may be grouped into four basic types. The first of these, called a Digital Line Graph (DLG), is line map information...
Plasma catecholamine concentrations in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at rest and after anesthesia and surgery
W.H. Gingerich, K.R. Drottar
1989, General and Comparative Endocrinology (73) 390-397
The effects of surgery and anesthesia on concentrations of plasma epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) were investigated in rainbow trout fitted with dorsal aorta cannulae. Baseline catecholamines (CA) concentrations, established in resting rainbow trout, were 1.55 ± 0.90 ϱmol/ml (X ± SD) for E, 2.07 ± 1.26 for...
Model-based estimates of annual survival rate are preferable to observed maximum lifespan statistics for use in comparative life-history studies
D.G. Krementz, J.R. Sauer, J.D. Nichols
1989, Oikos (56) 203-208
Estimates of longevity are available for many animals, and are commonly used in comparative life-history analyses. We suggest that annual survival rate is a more appropriate life history parameter for most comparative life history analyses. Observed maximum lifespans estimate complicated functions of survival and sampling probabilities. Annual survival rate estimates...
Food habits and organochlorine contaminants in the diet of black skimmers, Galveston Bay, Texas, USA
Kirk A. King
1989, Colonial Waterbirds (12) 109-112
More than 500 food items of nestling Black Skimmers were identified representing 18 species of fish and 2 invertebrates. DDE and poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the only contaminants consistently detected in the black skimmer diet, carcass, and egg samples. Eggs contained 14 times the level of PCBs detected...
Environmental contaminants, human disturbance and nesting of double-crested cormorants in northwestern Washington
Charles J. Henny, L. J. Blus, S.P. Thompson, U.W. Wilson
1989, Colonial Waterbirds (12) 198-206
Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in extreme northwestern Washington produced few young (0.27/occupied nest) in 1984; the clutch size was generally small and eggs, if laid at all, were laid later than usual. Residues (geometric means, wet weight) of DDE (0.58 and 0.59 ppm) in eggs from Colville Island and Protection...
Organochlorine contaminants in white-faced ibis eggs in southern Texas
T. W. Custer, C. A. Mitchell
1989, Colonial Waterbirds (12) 126-129
White-faced ibis eggs collected from 2 colonies in southern Texas in 1985 had low mean concentrations of DDE. DDD, the only other organochlorine contaminant detected, was found in only 1 of 20 eggs. DDE concentrations in eggs were not significantly correlated with eggshell thickness. Mean DDE concentrations were...
Responses to human intruders by birds nesting in colonies: Experimental results and management guidelines
R.M. Erwin
1989, Colonial Waterbirds (12) 104-108
Colonies of nesting wading birds and seabirds were studied at coastal sites in Virginia and North Carolina to determine distances at which birds flushed in response to human intrusion. There were few statistically significant relationships between flushing distances and colony size. Similarly, there were few differences between responses...
Case histories of wild birds killed intentionally with famphur in Georgia and West Virginia
Donald H. White, L.E. Hayes, P.B. Bush
1989, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (25) 184-188
Five incidences of bird mortality in Georgia and West Virginia (USA) involving migratory waterfowl, cranes, raptors, corvids and songbirds were investigated during the first 6 mo of 1988. Gross and histopathologic examinations revealed no evidence of infectious or other diseases. However, severe depression of cholinesterase activity was evident in brains...
Contaminant residues in fish from Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge
Parley V. Winger
1989, Lake and Reservoir Management (5) 113-119
Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge, Madison Parish, Louisiana, consists of bottomland hardwood swamps interspersed with small lakes and bayous supporting a diverse assemblage of waterfowl, fish, and assorted species of game and nongame wildlife. Fish collected in the refuge in 1984–85 from areas receiving direct inflow from agricultural runoff contained...
Evaluation of the toxicity of marine sediments and dredge spoils with the MicrotoxR bioassay
G.T. Ankley, R.A. Hoke, J. P. Giesy, P. V. Winger
1989, Chemosphere (18) 2069-2075
The MicrotoxR bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of sediment and dredge spoil elutriates from several potentially-contaminated sites in Mobile and Pascagoula Bays. Elutriates were prepared using either local seawater or distilled deionized water (osmotically adjusted with NaCl prior to testing), and MicrotoxR assays were performed with the...
Survival and movements of molting male black ducks in Labrador
Timothy D. Bowman, J. R. Longcore
1989, Journal of Wildlife Management (53) 1057-1061
We marked 26 flightless male American black ducks with transmitters during the post-nuptial molt in northern Labrabor to determine survival and movements. Twelve ducks remained in the watershed where marked and 11 ducks moved to different watersheds. The period survival rate (PSR) for these flightless males was 0.89 using...
Analysis of trifluralin, methyl paraoxon, methyl parathion, fenvalerate and 2,4-D dimethylamine in pond water using solid-phase extraction
D. M. Swineford, A. A. Belisle
1989, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (8) 465-468
A method was developed for the simultaneous extraction of trifluralin, methyl paraoxon, methyl parathion, fenvalerate, and 2,4-D dimethylamine salt in pond water using a solid-phase C18 column. After elution from the C18 column, the eluate was analyzed on a capillary gas Chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture or flame photometric detector....
Breeding biology and habitat use of black ducks
R. Owen, J. Longcore, J. Ringelman, K. Reinecke, K. Hendrix
1989, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publication (336) 261 (abs)
Forested wetlands are Important habitats for black ducks nesting in the Northeast. Invertebrates, with their high protein content, are primary foods of females during egg laying and for rapidly growing ducklings. Beaver-created and modified wetlands provide excellent habitat for feeding as well as protective cover. As these wetlands age, their...
Patterns of species co-occurrence of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in Atlantic coast estuarine areas
J. A. Spendelow, R.M. Erwin, B. Kenneth Williams
1989, Colonial Waterbirds (12) 51-59
Patterns of co-occurrence of 11 species of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in estuarine areas of the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida were examined using Reciprocal Averaging and Detrended Correspondence Analyses. The first RA ordination axis categorized the species into two groups: species of large birds that often nest in...
Nest success, cause-specific nest failure, and hatchability of aquatic birds at selenium-contaminated Kesterson Reservoir and a reference site
Harry M. Ohlendorf, Roger L. Hothem, Daniel Welsh
1989, The Condor (91) 787-796
During 1983-1985, we studied the reproductive success of several species of aquatic birds (coots, ducks, shorebirds, and grebes) nesting at two sites in Merced County, California: a selenium-contaminated site (Kesterson Reservoir) and a nearby reference site (Volta Wildlife Area). We used a computer program (MICROMORT) developed for the analysis of...
Reproduction and demography of the Florida Everglade (Snail) Kite
N.F.R. Snyder, S. R. Beissinger, R.E. Chandler
1989, Condor (91) 300-316
An 18-year study of reproduction and survival of the Florida Everglade (Snail) Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) has revealed the following: extremely poor nesting success (only 13.6% of nests found at the nest-building stage successful); extremely long breeding seasons (some reproductive activity in almost all months in good years); frequent multiple...
Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction
G. J. Smith, V.P. Anders
1989, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (8) 943-950
Boron, a naturally occurring trace element generally considered environmentally innocuous, was documented to severely impair mallard reproduction. Boron is leached from irrigated agricultural soils and transported in drainage water that contaminates wetlands. Until now, only the selenium accumulated in aquatic food chains has been documented to pose a toxic hazard...
Population ecology and harvest of the American black duck: a review
D. H. Rusch, C.D. Ankney, H. Boyd, J. R. Longcore, Frank Montalbano III, J.K. Ringelman, Vernon D. Stotts
1989, Wildlife Society Bulletin (17) 379-406
1. The purpose of our review was to examine available data on population trends and current status of black ducks and trends in natality and survival and to relate these, where possible, to changes in habitat, predation, disease, contaminants, harvest, and hybridization with mallards. 2. The number of black...
Agricultural chemicals and prairie pothole wetlands: Meeting the needs of the resource and the farmer -- U.S. perspective
C.E. Grue, M.W. Tome, T.A. Messmer, D.B. Henry, G.A. Swanson, L.R. DeWeese
1989, Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (54) 43-58
Included are the reasons for concern over the effects of agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) on prairie-pothole wetlands in the United States. Summarized are the results of studies conducted to date on this topic. Identified is additional research needed to assess the impacts of agrichemicals on these wetlands....
Geologic nozzles
Susan W. Kieffer
1989, Reviews of Geophysics (27) 3-38
Sonic velocities of geologic fluids, such as volcanic magmas and geothermal fluids, can be as low as 1 m/s. Critical velocities in large rivers can be of the order of 1–10 m/s. Because velocities of fluids moving in these settings can exceed these characteristic velocities, sonic and supersonic gas flow...
Pentachlorophenol Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review
R. Eisler
1989, Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 17 ; Biological Report 85(1.17).
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is now widely used as a wood preservative, and this has contributed to the detection of PCP residues in air, rain, groundwaters, surface waters, fish and aquatic invertebrates, and in human urine, blood, and milk of nursing mothers. This report briefly reviews the technical literature on ecological...
Management of wetlands and beaches: Colonial waterbirds
R.M. Erwin
1989, Book chapter, Proceedings of the Nongame Migratory Bird Workshop, Atlanta, Georgia, 14-16 November 1989, Region 4, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serice
Census/survey methods: Colonial waterbirds
R.M. Erwin
1989, Book chapter, Proceedings of the Nongame Migratory Bird Workshop, Atlanta, Georgia, 14-16 November 1989, Region 4, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serice
Northern Great Plains
R.L. Pederson, Dennis G. Jorde, S. Gay Simpson
L.M. Smith, R.L. Pederson, R.M. Kaminski, editor(s)
1989, Book chapter, Habitat Management for Migrating and Wintering Waterfowl in North America
We describe waterfowl populations and habitats in the Northern Great Plains; relate habitats and habitat managemnet pratices to annual cycle requirements of migrating and wintering ducks and geese; and suggest management approaches for wintering and migrating waterfowl....
