Repose time and cumulative moment magnitude: A new tool for forecasting eruptions?
W.A. Thelen, S. D. Malone, M.E. West
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
During earthquake swarms on active volcanoes, one of the primary challenges facing scientists is determining the likelihood of an eruption. Here we present the relation between repose time and the cumulative moment magnitude (CMM) as a tool to aid in differentiating between an eruption and a period of unrest. In...
Predicted liquefaction in the greater Oakland area and northern Santa Clara Valley during a repeat of the 1868 Hayward Fault (M6.7-7.0) earthquake
Thomas L. Holzer, Thomas E. Noce, Michael J. Bennett
2010, Proceedings of the Third Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area 147-163
Probabilities of surface manifestations of liquefaction due to a repeat of the 1868 (M6.7-7.0) earthquake on the southern segment of the Hayward Fault were calculated for two areas along the margin of San Francisco Bay, California: greater Oakland and the northern Santa Clara Valley. Liquefaction is predicted to be more...
Comparison of sap flux, moisture flux tower and MODIS enhanced vegetation index methods for estimating riparian evapotranspiration
Pamela L. Nagler, Edward P. Glenn, Kiyomi Morino
Christopher M.U Neale, Michael H. Cosh, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, Remote sensing and hydrology
Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) was measured on a salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) dominated river terrace on the Lower Colorado River from 2007 to 2009 using tissue-heat-balance sap flux sensors at six sites representing very dense, medium dense, and sparse stands of plants. Salt cedar ET varied markedly across sites, and sap...
Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 2. Coeruptive deflation, July-August 2008
Zhong Lu, Daniel Dzurisin
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
A hydrovolcanic eruption near Cone D on the floor of Okmok caldera, Alaska, began on 12 July 2008 and continued until late August 2008. The eruption was preceded by inflation of a magma reservoir located beneath the center of the caldera and ∼3 km below sea level (bsl), which began...
Mount St. Helens: A 30-year legacy of volcanism
James W. Vallance, Cynthia A. Gardner, William E. Scott, Richard M. Iverson, Thomas C. Pierson
2010, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (91) 169-171
The spectacular eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 electrified scientists and the public. Photodocumentation of the colossal landslide, directed blast, and ensuing eruption column—which reached as high as 25 kilometers in altitude and lasted for nearly 9 hours—made news worldwide. Reconnaissance of the devastation spurred efforts to...
Field evaluation of a two-dimensinal hydrodynamic model near boulders for habitat calculation
Terry Waddle
2010, River Research and Applications (26) 730-741
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are now widely used in aquatic habitat studies. To test the sensitivity of calculated habitat outcomes to limitations of such a model and of typical field data, bathymetry, depth and velocity data were collected for three discharges in the vicinity of two large boulders in the South...
Vegetation monitoring for Guatemala: a comparison between simulated VIIRS and MODIS satellite data
Vijendra K. Boken, Gregory L. Easson, James Rowland
2010, Geocarto International (25) 617-627
The advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are being widely used for vegetation monitoring across the globe. However, sensors will discontinue collecting these data in the near future. National Aeronautics and Space Administration is planning to launch a new sensor, visible infrared imaging...
Postseismic relaxation following the 1994 Mw6.7 Northridge earthquake, southern California
J.C. Savage, J. L. Svarc
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
We have reexamined the postearthquake deformation of a 65 km long linear array of 11 geodetic monuments extending north–south across the rupture (reverse slip on a blind thrust dipping 40°S–20°W) associated with the 1994 Mw6.7 Northridge earthquake. That array was surveyed frequently in the interval from 4 to 2650 days...
Ope`ape`a: Solving the puzzles of Hawaii's only bat
Frank J. Bonaccorso
2010, BATS Magazine (28) 10-12
The Hawaiian hoary bat is described as the only land mammal native to Hawaii. In fact, this bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) arrived on the islands some 10,000 years ago – in what must qualify as one of the most spectacular immigrations in the history of mammals. The Hawaiian islands, after...
Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 1. Intereruption deformation, 1997–2008
Zhong Lu, Daniel Dzurisin, Juliet Biggs, Charles Wicks Jr., Steve McNutt
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
Starting soon after the 1997 eruption at Okmok volcano and continuing until the start of the 2008 eruption, magma accumulated in a storage zone centered ~3.5 km beneath the caldera floor at a rate that varied with time. A Mogi-type point pressure source or finite sphere with a radius of...
Slow slip event at Kilauea Volcano
Michael P. Poland, Asta Miklius, J. David Wilson, Paul G. Okubo, Emily Montgomery-Brown, Paul Segall, Benjamin Brooks, James Foster, Cecily Wolfe, Ellen Syracuse, Clifford Thurbe
2010, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (91) 118-118
Early in the morning of 1 February 2010 (UTC; early afternoon 31 January 2010 local time), continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt instruments detected a slow slip event (SSE) on the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The SSE lasted at least 36 hours and resulted in a maximum...
Anisotropy, repeating earthquakes, and seismicity associated with the 2008 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska
Jessica H. Johnson, Stephanie Prejean, Martha K. Savage, John Townend
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
We use shear wave splitting (SWS) analysis and double-difference relocation to examine temporal variations in seismic properties prior to and accompanying magmatic activity associated with the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska. Using bispectrum cross-correlation, a multiplet of 25 earthquakes is identified spanning five years leading up to the eruption,...
Remotely triggered microearthquakes and tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake
Zhigang Peng, David P. Hill, David R. Shelly, Chastity Aiken
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
We examine remotely triggered microearthquakes and tectonic tremor in central California following the 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake. Several microearthquakes near the Coso Geothermal Field were apparently triggered, with the largest earthquake (Ml 3.5) occurring during the large-amplitude Love surface waves. The Chile mainshock also triggered numerous tremor bursts near...
Volcano monitoring using GPS: Developing data analysis strategies based on the June 2007 Kīlauea Volcano intrusion and eruption
Kristine M. Larson, Michael Poland, Asta Miklius
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115) B07406
The global positioning system (GPS) is one of the most common techniques, and the current state of the art, used to monitor volcano deformation. In addition to slow (several centimeters per year) displacement rates, GPS can be used to study eruptions and intrusions that result in much larger (tens of...
Röthlisberger channel theory: its origins and consequences
Joseph S. Walder
2010, Journal of Glaciology (56) 1079-1086
The theory of channelized water flow through glaciers, most commonly associated with the names of Hans Röthlisberger and Ron Shreve and their 1972 papers in the Journal of Glaciology, was developed at a time when interest in glacier-bed processes was expanding, and the possible relationship between glacier sliding and water...
Worldwide status of burbot and conservation measures
Martin A. Stapanian, Vaughn L. Paragamian, Charles P. Madenjian, James R. Jackson, Jyrki Lappalainen, Matthew J. Evenson, Matthew D. Neufeld
2010, Fish and Fisheries (11) 34-56
Although burbot (Lota lota Gadidae) are widespread and abundant throughout much of their natural range, there are many populations that have been extirpated, endangered or are in serious decline. Due in part to the species’ lack of popularity as a game and commercial fish, few regions consider burbot in management...
The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution
Walter D. Mooney, Mikhail K. Kaban
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
The upper mantle of North America has been well studied using various seismic methods. Here we investigate the density structure of the North American (NA) upper mantle based on the integrative use of the gravity field and seismic data. The basis of our study is the removal of the gravitational...
The Sargassum Frogfish (Histrio histrio Linnaeus) observed in mangroves in St. John, US Virgin Islands
C.S. Rogers, T.W. Pietsch, J.E. Randall, R.J. Arnold
2010, Coral Reefs (29) 577-577
The Sargassum Frogfish (Histrio histrio), the only pelagic member of the frogfish family Antennariidae, is considered an obligate associate of floating mats of the brown algae Sargassum natans and S. fluitans (Adams 1960; Dooley 1972; Pietsch and Grobecker 1987). Between February and April 2010, 20 of these fish were observed...
The ODD protocol: A review and first update
Volker Grimm, Uta Berger, Donald L. DeAngelis, J. Gary Polhill, Jarl Giske, Steve F. Railsback
2010, Ecological Modelling (221) 2760-2768
The ‘ODD’ (Overview, Design concepts, and Details) protocol was published in 2006 to standardize the published descriptions of individual-based and agent-based models (ABMs). The primary objectives of ODD are to make model descriptions more understandable and complete, thereby making ABMs less subject to criticism for being irreproducible. We have systematically...
The effects of simulated solar UVB radiation on early developmental stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from three lakes
Robin D. Calfee, Edward E. Little, Christopher A. Pearl, Robert L. Hoffman
2010, Journal of Herpetology (44) 572-580
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) has received much attention as a factor that could play a role in amphibian population declines. UV can be hazardous to some amphibians, but the resultant effects depend on a variety of environmental and behavioral factors. In this study, the potential effects of UV on the...
The 2003-2008 summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey
David J. Ziolkowski Jr., Keith L. Pardieck, John R. Sauer
2010, Bird Populations (10) 90-109
Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey were used to estimate continental and regional changes in bird populations for the 6-yr period 2003-2008 and the 2-yr period 2007-2008. These short-term changes were placed in the context of population trends estimated over the 1966-2008 interval. Across the entire survey area,...
Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida
Bradley Stith, James P. Reid, Catherine A. Langtimm, Eric D. Swain, Terry J. Doyle, Daniel H. Slone, Jeremy D. Decker, Lars E. Soderqvist
2010, Estuaries and Coasts (34) 106-119
Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) overwintering in the Ten Thousand Islands and western Everglades have no access to power plants or major artesian springs that provide warm-water refugia in other parts of Florida. Instead, hundreds of manatees aggregate at artificial canals, basins, and natural deep water sites that act as...
Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species
Paul M. Velazco, Alfred L. Gardner, Bruce D. Patterson
2010, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (159) 785-812
Platyrrhinus is a diverse genus of small to large phyllostomid bats characterized by a comparatively narrow uropatagium thickly fringed with hair, a white dorsal stripe, comparatively large inner upper incisors that are convergent at the tips, and three upper and three lower molars. Eighteen species are currently recognized, the majority...
Sustaining visitor use in protected areas: Future opportunities in recreation ecology research based on the USA experience
Christopher A. Monz, David N. Cole, Yu-Fai Leung, Jeffrey L. Marion
2010, Environmental Management (45) 551-562
Recreation ecology, the study of environmental consequences of outdoor recreation activities and their effective management, is a relatively new field of scientific study having emerged over the last 50 years. During this time, numerous studies have improved our understanding of how use-related, environmental and managerial factors affect ecological conditions and processes....
Suspended-sediment concentration regimes for two biological reference streams in Middle Tennessee
Timothy H. Diehl, William J. Wolfe
2010, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (46) 824-837
Temporal patterns of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) duration and frequency (SSC regimes) were characterized and compared with biological impairment thresholds for two headwater streams in the Western Highland Rim of Tennessee. The SSC regimes were plotted as curves showing concentrations and durations of the annual longest and tenth-longest SSC excursions above...
