In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts
R. Kozdon, N.T. Kita, J.M. Huberty, J.H. Fournelle, C. A. Johnson, J.W. Valley
2010, Chemical Geology (275) 243-253
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurement of sulfur isotope ratios is a potentially powerful technique for in situ studies in many areas of Earth and planetary science. Tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of sulfur isotope analysis by SIMS in a set of seven well-characterized, isotopically homogeneous...
Physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired seawater tolerance following exposure of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts to acid and aluminum
M.Y. Monette, T. Yada, V. Matey, S. D. McCormick
2010, Aquatic Toxicology (99) 17-32
We examined the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired ion regulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts following acute acid and aluminum (Al) exposure. Smolts were exposed to: control (pH 6.5, 3.4??gl-1 Al), acid and low Al (LAl: pH 5.4, 11??gl-1 Al), acid and moderate Al (MAl: pH 5.3,...
Late Hesperian plains formation and degradation in a low sedimentation zone of the northern lowlands of Mars
J.A.P. Rodriguez, K. L. Tanaka, D.C. Berman, J.S. Kargel
2010, Icarus (210) 116-134
The plains materials that form the martian northern lowlands suggest large-scale sedimentation in this part of the planet. The general view is that these sedimentary materials were transported from zones of highland erosion via outflow channels and other fluvial systems. The study region, the northern circum-polar plains south of Gemini...
Centuries of marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation within archaeological Mesodesma Donacium shells from Southern Peru
Kevin B. Jones, Gregory W. L. Hodgins, Miguel F. Etayo-Cadavid, C. Fred T. Andrus, Daniel H. Sandweiss
2010, Radiocarbon (52) 1207-1214
Mollusk shells provide brief (<5 yr per shell) records of past marine conditions, including marine radiocarbon reservoir age (R) and upwelling. We report 21 14C ages and R calculations on small (∼2 mg) samples from 2 Mesodesma donacium (surf clam) shells. These shells were excavated from a semi-subterranean house floor stratum <span...
Sikuliqiruq: Ice dynamics of the Meade river - Arctic Alaska, from freezeup to breakup from time-series ground imagery
R.A. Beck, A.J. Rettig, C. Ivenso, Wendy R. Eisner, Kenneth M. Hinkel, Benjamin M. Jones, C.D. Arp, G. Grosse, D. Whiteman
2010, Polar Geography (33) 115-137
Ice formation and breakup on Arctic rivers strongly influence river flow, sedimentation, river ecology, winter travel, and subsistence fishing and hunting by Alaskan Natives. We use time-series ground imagery ofthe Meade River to examine the process at high temporal and spatial resolution. Freezeup from complete liquid cover to complete ice...
Hydrated mineral stratigraphy of Ius Chasma, Valles Marineris
L.H. Roach, J.F. Mustard, G. Swayze, R.E. Milliken, J.L. Bishop, S.L. Murchie, K. Lichtenberg
2010, Icarus (206) 253-268
New high-resolution spectral and morphologic imaging of deposits on walls and floor of Ius Chasma extend previous geomorphic mapping, and permit a new interpretation of aqueous processes that occurred during the development of Valles Marineris. We identify hydrated mineralogy based on visible-near infrared (VNIR) absorptions. We map the extents of...
Shell anomalies observed in a population of Archaias angulatus (Foraminifera) from the Florida Keys (USA) sampled in 1982-83 and 2006-07
H.C. Souder, B. McCloskey, P. Hallock, R. Byrne
2010, Marine Micropaleontology (77) 71-81
Archived specimens of Archaias angulatus collected live at a depth of < 2. m in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, in June, September and December 1982, and March 1983, were compared to specimens collected live from the same site and months in 2006-07. Shells were examined...
Sage-grouse habitat selection during winter in Alberta
Jennifer L. Carpenter, Cameron L. Aldridge, Mark S. Boyce
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1806-1814
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are dependent on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) for food and shelter during winter, yet few studies have assessed winter habitat selection, particularly at scales applicable to conservation planning. Small changes to availability of winter habitats have caused drastic reductions in some sage-grouse populations. We modeled winter habitat...
An 11 000-year-long record of fire and vegetation history at Beaver Lake, Oregon, central Willamette Valley
Megan K. Walsh, Christopher A. Pearl, Cathy Whitlock, Patrick J. Bartlein, Marc A. Worona
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 1093-1106
High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis were used to reconstruct an 11??000-year-long record of fire and vegetation history from Beaver Lake, Oregon, the first complete Holocene paleoecological record from the floor of the Willamette Valley. In the early Holocene (ca 11??000-7500 calendar years before present [cal??yr??BP]), warmer, drier summers than...
A protozoal-associated epizootic impacting marine wildlife: Mass-mortality of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection
M.A. Miller, P.A. Conrad, M. Harris, B. Hatfield, G. Langlois, David A. Jessup, S.L. Magargal, A.E. Packham, S. Toy-Choutka, A.C. Melli, M.A. Murray, F.M. Gulland, M.E. Grigg
2010, Veterinary Parasitology (172) 183-194
During April 2004, 40 sick and dead southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) were recovered over 18 km of coastline near Morro Bay, California. This event represented the single largest monthly spike in mortality ever recorded during 30 years of southern sea otter stranding data collection. Because of the point-source...
Feather lead concentrations and 207Pb/206Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus)
M.E. Finkelstein, D. George, S. Scherbinski, R. Gwiazda, M. Johnson, J. Burnett, J. Brandt, S. Lawrey, Allan P. Pessier, M.R. Clark, Janna Wynne, J. Grantham, D. R. Smith
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 2639-2647
Lead poisoning is a primary factor impeding the survival and recovery of the critically endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). However, the frequency and magnitude of lead exposure in condors is not well-known in part because most blood lead monitoring occurs biannually, and biannual blood samples capture only ∼10% of a...
Three-dimensional long-period groundmotion simulations in the upper Mississippi embayment
K.A. Macpherson, E.W. Woolery, Z. Wang, P. Liu
2010, Seismological Research Letters (81) 391-405
We employed a 3D velocity model and 3D wave propagation code to simulate long-period ground motions in the upper Mississippi embayment. This region is at risk from large earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and observational data are sparse, making simulation a valuable tool for predicting the effects...
Surface-wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor
D.P. Hill
2010, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (100) 1859-1878
Source processes commonly posed to explain instances of remote dynamic triggering of tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor by surface waves include frictional failure and various modes of fluid activation. The relative potential for Love- and Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses to trigger tectonic tremor through failure on critically stressed thrust and vertical strike-slip faults...
Redox transformations and transport of cesium and iodine (-1, 0, +5) in oxidizing and reducing zones of a sand and gravel aquifer
Patricia M. Fox, Douglas B. Kent, James A. Davis
2010, Environmental Science & Technology (44) 1940-1946
Tracer tests were performed in distinct biogeochemical zones of a sand and gravel aquifer in Cape Cod, MA, to study the redox chemistry (I) and transport (Cs, I) of cesium and iodine in a field setting. Injection of iodide (I -) into an oxic zone of the aquifer resulted in...
Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication
Z. Reches, D.A. Lockner
2010, Nature (467) 452-455
Earthquake instability has long been attributed to fault weakening during accelerated slip1, and a central question of earthquake physics is identifying the mechanisms that control this weakening2. Even with much experimental effort2-12, the weakening mechanisms have remained enigmatic. Here we present evidence for dynamic weakening of experimental faults that are...
Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf, California
B. Ferre, C. R. Sherwood, P.L. Wiberg
2010, Continental Shelf Research (30) 761-780
Sediment transport and the potential for erosion or deposition have been investigated on the Palos Verdes (PV) and San Pedro shelves in southern California to help assess the fate of an effluent-affected deposit contaminated with DDT and PCBs. Bottom boundary layer measurements at two 60-m sites in spring 2004 were...
Hydrothermal heat discharge in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States
S. E. Ingebritsen, Robert H. Mariner
2010, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (196) 208-218
Hydrothermal heat discharge in the Cascade Range includes the heat discharged by thermal springs, by "slightly thermal" springs that are only a few degrees warmer than ambient temperature, and by fumaroles. Thermal-spring heat discharge is calculated on the basis of chloride-flux measurements and geothermometer temperatures and totals ~ 240 MW...
Characterization of pyroclastic deposits and pre-eruptive soils following the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Island Volcano, Alaska
B. Wang, G. Michaelson, C.-L. Ping, G. Plumlee, P. Hageman
2010, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (42) 276-284
The 78 August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi Island volcano blanketed the island in newly generated pyroclastic deposits and deposited ash into the ocean and onto nearby islands. Concentrations of water soluble Fe, Cu, and Zn determined from a 1:20 deionized water leachate of the ash were sufficient to provide short-term...
Tropical shoreline ice in the late Cambrian: Implications for earth's climate between the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
Anthony C. Runkel, T.J. MacKey, Clinton A. Cowan, David L. Fox
2010, GSA Today (20) 4-10
Middle to late Cambrian time (ca. 513 to 488 Ma) is characterized by an unstable plateau in biodiversity, when depauperate shelf faunas suffered repeated extinctions. This poorly understood interval separates the Cambrian Explosion from the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and is generally regarded as a time of sustained greenhouse conditions....
Fire helps restore natural disturbance regime to benefit rare and endangered marsh birds endemic to the Colorado River
C.J. Conway, C.P. Nadeau, L. Piest
2010, Ecological Applications (20) 2024-2035
Large flood events were part of the historical disturbance regime within the lower basin of most large river systems around the world. Large flood events are now rare in the lower basins of most large river systems due to flood control structures. Endemic organisms that are adapted to this historical...
Migration of waterfowl in the east asian flyway and spatial relationship to HPAI H5N1 outbreaks
John Y. Takekawa, S. H. Newman, X. Xiao, D.J. Prosser, K.A. Spragens, E.C. Palm, B. Yan, T. Li, F. Lei, D. Zhao, David C. Douglas, S.B. Muzaffar, W. Ji
2010, Avian Diseases (54) 466-476
Poyang Lake is situated within the East Asian Flyway, a migratory corridor for waterfowl that also encompasses Guangdong Province, China, the epicenter of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. The lake is the largest freshwater body in China and a significant congregation site for waterfowl; however, surrounding rice fields and...
Episodes of low dissolved oxygen indicated by ostracodes and sediment geochemistry at Crystal Lake, Illinois, USA
B. Brandon Curry, G. M. Filippelli
2010, Limnology and Oceanography (55) 2403-2423
Low dissolved oxygen during the summer and early fall controls profundal continental ostracode distribution in Crystal Lake (McHenry County), Illinois, favoring Cypria ophthalmica and Physocypria globula at water depths from 6 to 13 m. These species also thrived in the lake's profundal zone from 14,165 to 9600 calendar year before...
Estimate of herpetofauna depredation by a population of wild pigs
D.B. Jolley, S.S. Ditchkoff, B.D. Sparklin, L.B. Hanson, M.S. Mitchell, J.B. Grand
2010, Journal of Mammalogy (91) 519-524
Herpetofauna populations are decreasing worldwide, and the range of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is expanding. Depredation of threatened reptile and amphibian populations by wild pigs could be substantial. By understanding depredation characteristics and rates, more resources can be directed toward controlling populations of wild pigs coincident with threatened or endangered...
Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning
S.W. McCoy, J. W. Kean, J. A. Coe, D.M. Staley, T.A. Wasklewicz, G.E. Tucker
2010, Geology (38) 735-738
Many theoretical and laboratory studies have been undertaken to understand debris-flow processes and their associated hazards. However, complete and quantitative data sets from natural debris flows needed for confirmation of these results are limited. We used a novel combination of in situ measurements of debris-flow dynamics, video imagery, and pre-...
Occurrence of avian Plasmodium and West Nile virus in culex species in Wisconsin
T. Hughes, P. Irwin, E. Hofmeister, S.M. Paskewitz
2010, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association (26) 24-31
The occurrence of multiple pathogens in mosquitoes and birds could affect the dynamics of disease transmission. We collected adult Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans (Cx. pipiens/restuans hereafter) from sites in Wisconsin and tested them for West Nile virus (WNV) and for avian malaria (Plasmodium). Gravid Cx. pipiens/restuans were tested for...
