Decay of aftershock density with distance does not indicate triggering by dynamic stress
K. Richards-Dinger, R.S. Stein, S. Toda
2010, Nature (467) 583-586
Resolving whether static or dynamic stress triggers most aftershocks and subsequent mainshocks is essential to understand earthquake interaction and to forecast seismic hazard. Felzer and Brodsky examined the distance distribution of earthquakes occurring in the first five minutes after 2 ≤ M M M ≥ 2 aftershocks...
The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams
J.D. Frankforter, H.S. Weyers, J. D. Bales, P.W. Moran, D.L. Calhoun
2010, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (168) 461-479
Stream metabolism was measured in 33 streams across a gradient of nutrient concentrations in four agricultural areas of the USA to determine the relative influence of nutrient concentrations and habitat on primary production (GPP) and respiration (CR-24). In conjunction with the stream metabolism estimates, water quality and algal biomass samples...
Sedimentary basins reconnaissance using the magnetic Tilt-Depth method
A. Salem, S. Williams, E. Samson, D. Fairhead, D. Ravat, R.J. Blakely
2010, Exploration Geophysics (41) 198-209
We compute the depth to the top of magnetic basement using the Tilt-Depth method from the best available magnetic anomaly grids covering the continental USA and Australia. For the USA, the Tilt-Depth estimates were compared with sediment thicknesses based on drilling data and show a correlation of 0.86 between the...
Climate change threatens polar bear populations: A stochastic demographic analysis
C.M. Hunter, H. Caswell, M.C. Runge, E.V. Regehr, Steven C. Amstrup, I. Stirling
2010, Ecology (91) 2883-2897
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) depends on sea ice for feeding, breeding, and movement. Significant reductions in Arctic sea ice are forecast to continue because of climate warming. We evaluated the impacts of climate change on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea by means of a demographic analysis, combining...
Reptile and amphibian responses to large-scale wildfires in southern California
C.J. Rochester, C.S. Brehme, D.R. Clark, D.C. Stokes, S.A. Hathaway, Robert N. Fisher
2010, Journal of Herpetology (44) 333-351
In 2003, southern California experienced several large fires that burned thousands of hectares of wildlife habitats and conserved lands. To investigate the effects of these fires on the reptile and amphibian communities, we compared the results from prefire herpetofauna and vegetation sampling to two years of postfire sampling across 38...
Bringing wisents back to the Caucasus Mountains: 70 years of a grand mission
Taras Sipko, Sergei Trepet, Peter J. Gogan, Ivan Mizin
2010, European Bison Conservation Newletter (3) 33-44
We describe the history of mountain wisent restoration in the north-west Caucasus region. We review information on wisent during the 18th and 19th centuries, contemporary regional development and reasons for wisent extirpation. We emphasize the key role of the Kuban Hunting Reserve as a main factor in preserving wisent in...
Mercury in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska: Understanding the origin of pollution sources
Z.M. Migaszewski, A. Galuszka, ogonekgowska S. Dole, J.G. Crock, P. J. Lamothe
2010, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (73) 1345-1351
This report shows baseline concentrations of mercury in the moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Kielce area and the remaining Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) region (south-central Poland), and Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Like mosses from many European...
The Paleogene California River: Evidence of Mojave-Uinta paleodrainage from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons
S.J. Davis, W.R. Dickinson, G. E. Gehrels, J.E. Spencer, T.F. Lawton, A.R. Carroll
2010, Geology (38) 931-934
U-Pb age spectra of detrital zircons in samples from the Paleogene Colton Formation in the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah and the Late Cretaceous McCoy Mountains Formation of southwestern Arizona (United States) are statistically indistinguishable. This finding refutes previous inferences that arkosic detritus of the Colton was derived from cratonic...
Long-term reductions in anthropogenic nutrients link to improvements in Chesapeake Bay habitat
H. Ruhl, N. B. Rybicki
2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (107) 16566-16570
Great effort continues to focus on ecosystem restoration and reduction of nutrient inputs thought to be responsible, in part, for declines in estuary habitats worldwide. The ability of environmental policy to address restoration is limited, in part, by uncertainty in the relationships between costly restoration and benefits. Here, we present...
Hubble Space Telescope observations of Europa in and out of eclipse
W.B. Sparks, M. McGrath, K. Hand, H.C. Ford, P. Geissler, J.H. Hough, E.L. Turner, C.F. Chyba, R. Carlson, M. Turnbull
2010, Conference Paper, International Journal of Astrobiology
Europa is a prime target for astrobiology and has been prioritized as the next target for a National Aeronautics and Space Administration flagship mission. It is important, therefore, that we advance our understanding of Europa, its ocean and physical environment as much as possible. Here, we describe observations of Europa...
A protozoal-associated epizootic impacting marine wildlife: Mass-mortality of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection
M.A. Miller, P.A. Conrad, M. Harris, B. Hatfield, G. Langlois, David A. Jessup, S.L. Magargal, A.E. Packham, S. Toy-Choutka, A.C. Melli, M.A. Murray, F.M. Gulland, M.E. Grigg
2010, Veterinary Parasitology (172) 183-194
During April 2004, 40 sick and dead southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) were recovered over 18 km of coastline near Morro Bay, California. This event represented the single largest monthly spike in mortality ever recorded during 30 years of southern sea otter stranding data collection. Because of the point-source...
Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake
G.P. Hayes, R.W. Briggs, A. Sladen, E.J. Fielding, C. Prentice, K. Hudnut, P. Mann, F. W. Taylor, A. J. Crone, R. Gold, T. Ito, M. Simons
2010, Nature Geoscience (3) 800-805
Initially, the devastating Mw 7.0, 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake seemed to involve straightforward accommodation of oblique relative motion between the Caribbean and North American plates along the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone. Here, we combine seismological observations, geologic field data and space geodetic measurements to show that, instead, the rupture...
An evaluation of the influence of substrate on the response of juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in acute water exposures to ammonia
J. Miao, M.C. Barnhart, Eric L. Brunson, Douglas K. Hardesty, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Ning Wang
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 2112-2116
Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity to three-month-old juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was evaluated in four treatments (water-only, water-only with feeding, water and soil, and water and sand) using an exposure unit designed to maintain consistent pH and ammonia concentrations in overlying water and in pore water surrounding the substrates. Median effect...
Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy
T. M. Cronin, L. Gemery, W.M. Briggs, M. Jakobsson, L. Polyak, E. M. Brouwers
2010, Quaternary Science Reviews (29) 3415-3429
Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine...
Linking MODFLOW with an agent-based land-use model to support decision making
H. W. Reeves, M.L. Zellner
2010, Ground Water (48) 649-660
The U.S. Geological Survey numerical groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, was integrated with an agent-based land-use model to yield a simulator for environmental planning studies. Ultimately, this integrated simulator will be used as a means to organize information, illustrate potential system responses, and facilitate communication within a participatory modeling framework. Initial...
Holocene aggradation of the Dry Tortugas coral reef ecosystem
J. C. Brock, M. Palaseanu-Lovejoy, R.Z. Poore, A. Nayegandhi, C. W. Wright
2010, Coral Reefs (29) 857-868
Radiometric age dating of reef cores acquired at the Dry Tortugas coral reef ecosystem (DTCRE) was merged with lidar topographic mapping to examine Holocene reef development linked to spatial variation in growth and erosion under the control of sea level. Analysis of variance of lidar topography confirmed the presence of...
Locating non-volcanic tremor along the San Andreas Fault using a multiple array source imaging technique
T. Ryberg, C.H. Haberland, G. S. Fuis, W.L. Ellsworth, D.R. Shelly
2010, Geophysical Journal International (183) 1485-1500
Non-volcanic tremor (NVT) has been observed at several subduction zones and at the San Andreas Fault (SAF). Tremor locations are commonly derived by cross-correlating envelope-transformed seismic traces in combination with source-scanning techniques. Recently, they have also been located by using relative relocations with master events, that is low-frequency earthquakes that...
Considerations for developing wolf harvesting regulations in the contiguous United States
L. David Mech
2010, Journal of Wildlife Management (74) 1421-1424
As gray wolves (Canis lupus) are removed from the federal Endangered Species List, management reverts to the states. Eventually most states will probably allow public wolf harvesting. Open seasons between about 1 November and 1 March accord more with basic wolf biology than during other times. Managers who consider wolf...
Shell anomalies observed in a population of Archaias angulatus (Foraminifera) from the Florida Keys (USA) sampled in 1982-83 and 2006-07
H.C. Souder, B. McCloskey, P. Hallock, R. Byrne
2010, Marine Micropaleontology (77) 71-81
Archived specimens of Archaias angulatus collected live at a depth of < 2. m in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, in June, September and December 1982, and March 1983, were compared to specimens collected live from the same site and months in 2006-07. Shells were examined...
Geoinformatics: Transforming data to knowledge for geosciences
A.K. Sinha, Z. Malik, A. Rezgui, C. G. Barnes, K. Lin, G. Heiken, W.A. Thomas, L.C. Gundersen, R. Raskin, I. Jackson, P. Fox, D. McGuinness, D. Seber, H. Zimmerman
2010, GSA Today (20) 4-10
An integrative view of Earth as a system, based on multidisciplinary data, has become one of the most compelling reasons for research and education in the geosciences. It is now necessary to establish a modern infrastructure that can support the transformation of data to knowledge. Such an information infrastructure for...
Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams
Travis S. Schmidt, W.H. Clements, K.A. Mitchell, Stanley E. Church, Richard B. Wanty, David L. Fey, Philip L. Verplanck, Carma A. San Juan
2010, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (29) 2432-2442
Two toxic-unit models that estimate the toxicity of trace-metal mixtures to benthic communities were compared. The chronic criterion accumulation ratio (CCAR), a modification of biotic ligand model (BLM) outputs for use as a toxic-unit model, accounts for the modifying and competitive influences of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, H+),...
Effects of ungulate management on vegetation at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai'i Island
S.C. Hess, J.J. Jeffrey, L.W. Pratt, D.L. Ball
2010, Pacific Conservation Biology (16) 144-150
We compiled and analysed data from 1987-2004 on vegetation monitoring during feral ungulate management at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, a tropical montane rainforest on the island of Hawai'i All areas in the study had previously been used by ungulates, but cattle (Bos taurus) were removed and feral pig (Sus...
Anthropogenic tracers, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and endocrine disruption in Minnesota lakes
J.H. Writer, L. B. Barber, G.K. Brown, Howard E. Taylor, R.L. Kiesling, M.L. Ferrey, N.D. Jahns, S.E. Bartell, H.L. Schoenfuss
2010, Science of the Total Environment (409) 100-111
Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals and endocrine disruption in fish were determined in 11 lakes across Minnesota that represent a range of trophic conditions and land uses (urban, agricultural, residential, and forested) and in which wastewater treatment plant discharges were absent. Water, sediment, and passive polar organic integrative samplers (POCIS)...
A physiological approach to quantifying thermal habitat quality for redband rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the south Fork John Day River, Oregon
J.W. Feldhaus, S.A. Heppell, H. Li, M.G. Mesa
2010, Environmental Biology of Fishes (87) 277-290
We examined tissue-specific levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and whole body lipid levels in juvenile redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) from the South Fork of the John Day River (SFJD), Oregon, with the goal of determining if these measures could be used as physiological indicators of thermal habitat...
Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed by microgravity surveys
Daniel J. Johnson, Albert A. Eggers, Marco Bagnardi, Maurizio Battaglia, Michael P. Poland, Asta Miklius
2010, Geology (38) 1139-1142
Using microgravity data collected at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (United States), between November 1975 and January 2008, we document significant mass increase beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, within Kīlauea's summit caldera. Surprisingly, there was no sustained uplift accompanying the mass accumulation. We propose that the positive gravity residual in...
