Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos
F.H. Nichols, J.K. Thompson
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 121-138
Results from multi-year investigations in the San Francisco Bay estuary show that large abundance fluctuations within benthic macroinvertebrate populations reflect both (1) within-year periodicity of reproduction, recruitment, and mortality that is not necessarily coincident with seasonal changes of the environment (e.g., the annual temperature cycle), and (2) aperiodic density changes...
Migration of wood-preserving chemicals in contaminated groundwater in a sand aquifer at Pensacola, Florida
D.F. Goerlitz, D.E. Troutman, E.M. Godsy, B.J. Franks
1985, Environmental Science & Technology (19) 955-961
Operation of a wood-preserving facility for nearly 80 years at Pensacola, FL, contaminated the near-surface groundwater with creosote and pentachlorophenol. The major source of aquifer contamination was unlined surface impoundments that were in direct hydraulic contact with the groundwater. Episodes of overtopping the impoundments and overland flow of treatment liquor...
Conceptual model for origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs
B. E. Law, W. W. Dickinson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1295-1304
The largest gas fields in the Rocky Mountain region occur in abnormally pressured reservoirs. These gas accumulations are different from more conventional gas accumulations in that they are commonly located in basin-center positions, they occur downdip from water-bearing rocks, and they are in overpressured or underpressured low-permeability reservoirs. We suggest...
Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas
T.L. Holzer, A.I. Johnson
1985, GeoJournal (11) 245-255
At least eight urban areas in the world have encountered significant economic impact from land subsidence caused by pumping of ground water from unconsolidated sediment. The areas, most of which are coastal, include Bangkok, Houston, Mexico City, Osaka, San Jose, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Venice. Flooding related to decreased ground elevation...
Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 2. Case study
Brent M. Troutman
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1214-1222
A case study is presented which illustrates some of the error analysis, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation procedures reviewed in the first part of this paper. It is shown that those procedures, most of which come from statistical nonlinear regression theory, are invaluable in interpreting errors in precipitation-runoff modeling and...
ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.
Alan M. Lumb, John L. Kittle
1985, Conference Paper
ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the...
Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.
Kenneth L. Kipp Jr.
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1397-1408
The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered...
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.
R.W. Stanton, C. B. Cecil, B.S. Pierce, L.F. Ruppert, F.T. Dulong
1985, Conference Paper
The number or types of origins of the components of a coal bed cannot be determined from its bulk composition. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and pyrite as well as macerals such as vitrinite can originate from a variety of processes that result from different depositional conditions. The Upper Freeport...
Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California
J. P. Albers, J.H.C. Bain
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2072-2091
The West Shasta massive sulfide district is in the easternmost of a series of accreted island-arc and oceanic crust terranes that comprise the Klamath Mountains. A sequence of submarine volcanic rocks of predominantly Early Devonian age is the principal component of the island-arc terrane in which the sulfide deposits are...
Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration
M. H. Podwysocki, M.S. Power, O. D. Jones
1985, Advances in Space Research (5) 13-20
Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data recorded over an arid terrain were analyzed to determine the applicability of using of TM data for identifying and mapping hydrothermally altered, potentially mineralized rocks. Clays, micas, and other minerals bearing the OH anion in specific crystal lattice positions have absorption bands in the 2.2-??m...
Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors
L.J. Schroder, R.A. Linthurst, J.E. Ellson, S.F. Vozzo
1985, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (24) 177-187
Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods....
Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components
Harry F. Lins
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 691-701
Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above-...
Solubility relations in the system sodium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 70.degree.C at 1 atm
I.-M. Chou, L.D. Phan
1985, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data (30) 216-218
Solubility relations in the ternary system NaCl-FeCl2-H2O have been determined by the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 20 to 85??C along six composition lines. These she composition lines are defined by mixing FeCl2??4H2O with six aqueous NaCl solutions containing 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, and 25 wt %...
Upper Wisconsinan submarine end moraines off Cape Ann, Massachusetts
R. N. Oldale
1985, Quaternary Research (24) 187-196
Seismic profiles across the southwest end of Jeffreys Ledge, a bathymetric high north of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, reveal two end moraines. The moraines overlie upper Wisconsinan glacialmarine silty clay and are composed mostly of subaqueous ice-contact deposits and outwash. They were formed below sea level in water depths of as...
Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation
W.W. Wood
1985, Geology (13) 822-824
The enigma that caves and other solution openings form in carbonate rocks at great depths below land surface rather than forming from the surface downward can be explained by the generation of CO2 within the aquifer system. In the proposed model, CO2 is generated by the oxidation of particulate and/or...
Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain
C.G. Olson, J.A. Doolittle
1985, Soil Science Society of America Journal (49) 1490-1498
Two techniques were assessed for their capabilities in reconnaissance studies of soil characteristics: depth to the water table and depth to bedrock beneath surficial deposits in mountainous terrain. Ground-penetrating radar had the best near-surface resolution in the upper 2 m of the profile and provided continuous interpretable imagery of soil...
Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method
A.M. Shapiro, J. Andersson
1985, Advances in Water Resources (8) 106-110
An efficient method for simulating steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks is formulated with the use of the boundary-element method. The host rock is considered to be impervious, and the fractures can be of any orientation and areal extent. The fractures are treated as surfaces where fluid movement is essentially...
Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system
Leonard F. Konikow, Mark Person
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1611-1624
Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was...
Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama
Roger W. Lee
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1545-1556
Geochemical samples of waters along two hydrologic flow paths in four Upper Cretaceous aquifers of northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama indicate similar geochemical evolution of their respective waters. The waters of the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw-McShan aquifers, noncalcareous sands, increase downgradient in dissolved solids and pH, and are dominated by sodium...
Lacustrine-humate model for primary uranium ore deposits, Grants uranium region, New Mexico
C. E. Turner-Peterson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1990-2020
Two generations of uranium ore, primary and redistributed, occur in fluvial sandstones of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the San Juan basin; the two stages of ore formation can be related to the hydrologic history of the basin. Primary ore formed soon after Morrison deposition, in the Late Jurassic...
Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district
R. J. Horton, B. D. Smith, J.C. Washburne
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2213-2229
The West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, contains many volcanogenic sulfide deposits within Middle Devonian rhyolites that have not been highly metamorphosed. The district was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for intensive geological, geochemical, and geophysical study under the Development of Assessment Techniques (DAT) project because accessible exposures...
Culturing Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta) in a synthetic algal nutrient medium with defined mineral particulates
James S. Kuwabara, J.A. Davis, Cecily C.Y. Chang
1985, Hydrobiologia (124) 23-271
Algal nutrient studies in chemically-defined media typically employ a synthetic chelator to prevent iron hydroxide precipitation. Micronutrient-particulate interactions may, however, significantly affect chemical speciation and hence biovailability of these nutrients in natural waters. A technique is described by which Selenastrum capricornutum Printz (Chlorophyta) may be cultured in a medium where...
The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.
D.C. Twichell, Craig B. Grimes, R. S. Jones, K.W. Able
1985, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (55) 712-719
An 800-km 2 area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been...
The complex variable boundary element method: Applications
T. V. Hromadka II, C.C. Yen, G. L. Guymon
1985, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (21) 1013-1025
The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to approximate several potential problems where analytical solutions are known: A modelling result produced from the CVBEM is a measure of relative error in matching the known boundary condition values of the problem. A CVBEM error-reduction...
Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator
R. M. Forester
1985, Journal of Paleontology (59) 8-20
Limnocythere bradburyi is a new species of nonmarine ostracode that is living in several lakes in the central Mexican Plateau. These lakes are shallow, turbid, and pan-shaped, having relatively unstable and fluid substrates. Water levels of these lakes are high in the summer and low or dry in the winter....
