Persisting effects of armored military maneuvers on some soils of the Mojave Desert
D.V. Prose
1985, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (7) 163-170
Soil compaction and substrate modification produced during large-scale armored military maneuvers in the early 1940s were examined in 1981 at seven sites in California's eastern Mojave Desert Recording penetrometer measurements show that tracks left by a single pass of an M3 "medium" tank have average soil resistance values that are...
Water balance models in one-month-ahead streamflow forecasting
William M. Alley
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 597-606
Techniques are tested that incorporate information from water balance models in making 1-month-ahead streamflow forecasts in New Jersey. The results are compared to those based on simple autoregressive time series models. The relative performance of the models is dependent on the month of the year in question. The water balance...
Water analysis
John R. Garbarino, T.R. Steinheimer, Howard E. Taylor
1985, Analytical Chemistry (57) 46-88
No abstract available....
Earthquake hazards to domestic water distribution systems in Salt Lake County, Utah
Lynn M. Highland
1985, Conference Paper
A magnitude-7. 5 earthquake occurring along the central portion of the Wasatch Fault, Utah, may cause significant damage to Salt Lake County's domestic water system. This system is composed of water treatment plants, aqueducts, distribution mains, and other facilities that are vulnerable to ground shaking, liquefaction, fault movement, and slope...
Point- and nonpoint-source trace elements in a wild and scenic river of northern New Mexico.
H.S. Garn
1985, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (40) 458-462
Variations in water quality of the upper Rio Grande and Red River are presented. A downstream increase in concentrations of various constituents, at times approaching or exceeding water quality standards, occurred due to leaching of natural ore bodies and permitted discharges from molybdenum mill tailings ponds. Nonpoint sources are a...
xygen isotope, aeromagnetic, and gravity anomalies associated with hydrothermally altered zones in the Yankee Fork mining district, Custer County, Idaho
R.E. Criss, D.E. Champion, D. H. McIntyre
1985, Economic Geology (80) 1277-1296
Epithermal Ag-Au vein and disseminated deposits in the Yankee Fork district are hosted in altered volcanic rocks having low delta 18 O values, low magnetic susceptibilities, low remanent magnetizations, and relatively high densities. These isotopic and physical quantities provide sensitive indices of rock alteration that can be contoured over areas that are...
Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought
F.H. Nichols
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 379-388
Among the consequences of extremely low river flow into northern San Francisco Bay during a two-year drought were (1) a gradual increase in salinity, (2) an unusual decline in chlorophyll a concentration, and (3) the upstream migration of estuarine benthic invertebrates to the normally brackish area of the bay. Total abundance in...
Germanium geochemistry and mineralogy
L.R. Bernstein
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 2409-2422
Germanium is enriched in the following geologic environments:1.(1) iron meteorites and terrestrial iron-nickel;2.(2) sulfide ore deposits, particularly those hosted by sedimentary rocks;3.(3) iron oxide deposits;4.(4) oxidized zones of Ge-bearing sulfide deposits;5.(5) pegmatites, greisens, and skarns; and6.(6) coal...
Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium
D.B. Grove, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1703-1709
Sorption of chromium VI on the iron-oxide- and hydroxide-coated surface of alluvial material was numerically simulated with rate-controlled reactions. Reaction kinetics and diffusional processes, in the form of film, pore, and particle diffusion, were simulated and compared with experimental results. The use of empirically calculated rate coefficients for diffusion through...
Sorting of bed load sediment by flow in meander bends
Gary Parker, E.D. Andrews
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1361-1373
Equilibrium sorting of coarse mobile bed load sediment in meander bends is considered. A theory of two-dimensional bed load transport of graded material, including the effects of gravity on lateral slopes and secondary currents, is developed. This theory is coupled with a simple treatment of flow in bends, an analytically...
Elemental X-ray mapping of agglutinated foraminifer tests: A non- destructive technique for determining compositional characteristics.
R.F. Commeau, Leslie A. Reynolds, C. W. Poag
1985, Micropaleontology (31) 380-386
The composition of agglutinated foraminiferal tests vary remarkably in response to local substrate characteristics, physiochemical properties of the water column and species- dependant selectivity of test components. We have employed a technique that combines a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer system to identify major and minor...
Carbonate concretions: an ideal sedimentary host for microfossils
C.D. Blome, N. R. Albert
1985, Geology (13) 212-215
Microfossils extracted from carbonate concretions tend to be better preserved, more abundant and diverse, and more likely to retain delicate and fragile structures than those extracted from the surrounding rocks. Enhanced preservation correlates with early diagenetic concretion formation at or near the sediment-water...
PRE-ORE POTASSIUM METASOMATISM, CREEDE MINING DISTRICT, COLORADO.
P. M. Bethke, R. O. Rye, P. B. Barton Jr.
1985, Conference Paper
Rhyolitic welded-tuff wallrocks of the epithermal base and precious metal veins of the Creede district were pervasively altered by the addition of more than two billion metric tons of potassium some 1. 5-2 million years before mineralization. Sodium, calcium and magnesium were strongly depleted, yielding a nearly binary quartz plus...
Partition coefficients of organic compounds in lipid-water systems and correlations with fish bioconcentration factors
C. T. Chiou
1985, Environmental Science & Technology (19) 57-62
Triolein-water partition coefficients (KtW) have been determined for 38 slightly water-soluble organic compounds, and their magnitudes have been compared with the corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients (KOW). In the absence of major solvent-solute interaction effects in the organic solvent phase, the conventional treatment (based on Raoult's law) predicts sharply lower partition...
Mobility of organic solvents in water-saturated soil materials
William R. Roy, R. A. Griffin
1985, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (7) 241-247
This investigation presents an analysis of the mobility of 37 organic solvents in saturated soil-water systems, focusing on adsorption phenomena at the solid-liquid interface This analysis was made, in part, by applying predictive expressions that estimate the potential magnitude of adsorption by soil materials Of the 37 solvents considered, 19...
Simulation of ground-water flow in southeastern Oahu, Hawaii
P. R. Eyre
1985, Groundwater (23) 325-330
On the leeward side of southeastern Oahu, Hawaii, near-vertical dikes have intruded the gently dipping and highly permeable lava flows of the Koolau mountain. These dikes bound the study area on the north and west and internally divide it into the Waialae and Wailupe-Hawaii Kai...
A quantitative analysis of the Lassen hydrothermal system, north central California
S. E. Ingebritsen, M.L. Sorey
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 853-868
Our conceptual model of the Lassen system is termed a liquid-dominated hydrothermal system with a parasitic vapor-dominated zone. The essential feature of this model is that steam and steam-heated discharge at relatively high altitudes in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) and liquid discharge with high chloride concentrations at relatively low...
Maceral distributions in Illinois coals and their paleoenvironmental implications
R.D. Harvey, J.W. Dillon
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 141-165
For purposes of assessing the maceral distribution of Illinois (U.S.A.) coals analyses were assembled for 326 face channel and drill core samples from 24 coal members of the Pennsylvanian System. The inertinite content of coals from the Missourian and Virgilian Series...
Low gradient permeability measurements in a triaxial system
H. W. Olsen, R. W. Nichols, T. L. Rice
1985, Geotechnique (35) 145-157
Permeability measurements were conducted with the flow-pump method on sand, sandy silt and silty clay specimens in a conventional triaxial system by introducing and withdrawing water at known constant flow rates into the base of a specimen with a flow-pump, and by monitoring the head difference induced across the length...
Stable Carbon Isotopes of HCO3 in the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland: Evidence for an Isotopically Heavy Source of CO2
Francis H. Chapelle, LeRoy L. Knobel
1985, Ground Water (23) 592-599
Concentrations of HCO3 and δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon change along the hydrologic gradient of the Aquia aquifer. In the outcrop area, meteoric recharge rapidly dissolves carbonate shell material (δ13C ∼ 0.0 per mil) in the presence of soil-gas CO2 (δ13C∼–26 per mil). HCO3 concentrations in this...
Thickness of ice on perennially frozen lakes
C.P. McKay, G.D. Clow, R.A. Wharton Jr., S. W. Squyres
1985, Nature (313) 561-562
The dry valleys of southern Victoria Land, constituting the largest ice-free expanse in the Antarctic, contain numerous lakes whose perennial ice cover is the cause of some unique physical and biological properties 1-3. Although the depth, temperature and salinity of the liquid water varies considerably from lake to lake, the...
NATIONAL WATER INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
Melvin D. Edwards
1985, Conference Paper
National Water Information System (NWIS) has been designed as an interactive, distributed data system. It will integrate the existing, diverse data-processing systems into a common system. It will also provide easier, more flexible use as well as more convenient access and expanded computing, dissemination, and data-analysis capabilities. The NWIS is...
Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river wetland System
John F. Elder
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 724-732
Hydrologic measurements and analyses of various nitrogen and phosphorus species were made on the Apalachicola River system in northern Florida in 1979 and 1980. Annual outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were not substantially different from annual inflows. However, there was significant net import of ammonia and...
The impact of wave loads and pore-water pressure generation on initiation of sediment transport
E.C. Clukey, F.H. Kulhawy, P.L.-F. Liu, G. B. Tate
1985, Geo-Marine Letters (5) 177-183
The build-up of pore-water pressure by waves can lead to sediment liquefaction and subsequent transport by traction currents. This process was investigated by measuring pore-water pressures both in a field experiment and laboratory wave tank tests. Liquefaction was observed in the wave tank tests. The results suggest that sand is...
A uniform technique for flood frequency analysis.
W.O. Thomas Jr.
1985, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (111) 321-337
This uniform technique consisted of fitting the logarithms of annual peak discharges to a Pearson Type III distribution using the method of moments. The objective was to adopt a consistent approach for the estimation of floodflow frequencies that could be used in computing average annual flood losses for project evaluation....
