Analyzing bat migration
Paul M. Cryan, Robert H. Diehl
2009, Book chapter, Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats
T HE MIGRATORY MOVEIvl.ENTS OF BATS have proven ex tremely difficult to determine. Despite extensive efforts during the past century to track the movements of bats across landscapes, efficient methods of following small- to medium-size volant animals <240 gl for extended periods (>8 weeks) over long distances (>100 km) have...
Short- and long-term implications of clearcut and two-age silviculture for conservation of breeding forest birds in the central Appalachians, USA
M.E. McDermott, P.B. Wood
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 212-220
Two-age (deferment or leave tree) harvesting is used increasingly in even-aged forest management, but long-term responses of breeding avifauna to retention of residual canopy trees have not been investigated. Breeding bird surveys completed in 1994-1996 in two-age and clearcut harvests in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, USA allowed...
Continuing evolution of the Pacific-Juan de Fuca-North America slab window system-A trench-ridge-transform example from the Pacific Rim
P.A. McCrory, D.S. Wilson, R. G. Stanley
2009, Tectonophysics (464) 30-42
Many subduction margins that rim the Pacific Ocean contain complex records of Cenozoic slab-window volcanism combined with tectonic disruption of the continental margin. The series of slab windows that opened beneath California and Mexico starting about 28.5 Ma resulted from the death of a series of spreading ridge segments and...
Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder
S.B. Menke, D.A. Holway, Robert N. Fisher, W. Jetz
2009, Global Ecology and Biogeography (18) 50-63
Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) or, more specifically, ecological niche models (ENMs) are a useful and rapidly proliferating tool in ecology and global change biology. ENMs attempt to capture associations between a species and its environment and are often used to draw biological inferences, to predict potential occurrences in unoccupied...
Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies
J.D. Wilcox, J.M. Bahr, C.J. Hedman, J.D.C. Hemming, M.A.E. Barman, K. R. Bradbury
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 149-156
The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface-water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On-site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study,...
Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities: reanalysis using corrected data
Jorge I. Sonnenholzner, Lydia B. Ladah, Kevin D. Lafferty
2009, Marine Ecology Progress Series (375) 209-218
This article replaces Sonnenholzner et al. (2007; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 343:77–85), which was retracted on September 19, 2007, due to errors in entry of data on sea urchins. We sampled 10 highly fished and 10 (putatively) lightly fished shallow rocky reefs in the southeastern area of the...
Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods
Matthew S. Edwards, M. Tim Tinker
2009, Algae (24) 111-120
Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numerous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with two methods commonly...
Behavior of steelhead fry in a laboratory stream is affected by fish density but not rearing environment
Stephen C. Riley, Christopher P. Tatara, Barry A. Berejikian, Thomas A. Flagg
2009, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (29) 1806-1818
We quantified the aggression, feeding, dominance, position choice, and territory size of naturally reared steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fry stocked with two types of hatchery-reared fry (from conventional and enriched rearing environments) at two densities in experimental flumes to determine how rearing environment and fish density affect the behavior of steelhead...
Mineral resource of the month: gallium
Brian W. Jaskula
2009, Earth (54) 29-29
The metal element gallium occurs in very small concentrations in rocks and ores of other metals — native gallium is not known. As society gets more and more high-tech, gallium becomes more useful. Gallium is one of only five metals that are liquid at or close to room temperature. It...
Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes
Richard B. Alexander, J.K. Bohlke, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Mark B. David, Judson W. Harvey, Patrick J. Mulholland, Sybil P. Seitzinger, Craig R. Tobias, Christina Tonitto, Wilfred M. Wollheim
2009, Biogeochemistry (93) 91-116
The importance of lotic systems as sinks for nitrogen inputs is well recognized. A fraction of nitrogen in streamflow is removed to the atmosphere via denitrification with the remainder exported in streamflow as nitrogen loads. At the watershed scale, there is a keen interest in understanding the factors that control...
Nest site selection by greater sage-grouse in Mono County, California
Eric J. Kolada, James S. Sedinger, Michael L. Casazza
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 1333-1340
Loss of nesting habitat is believed to be a factor in the decline of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) throughout its range. Few data are available for sage-grouse in Mono County, California, USA, in the most southwestern portion of the species' range. We studied habitat selection of nesting sage-grouse in Mono...
Modeling hazardous mass flows Geoflows09: Mathematical and computational aspects of modeling hazardous geophysical mass flows; Seattle, Washington, 9–11 March 2009
Richard M. Iverson, Randall J. LeVeque
2009, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (90) 201-201
A recent workshop at the University of Washington focused on mathematical and computational aspects of modeling the dynamics of dense, gravity-driven mass movements such as rock avalanches and debris flows. About 30 participants came from seven countries and brought diverse backgrounds in geophysics; geology; physics; applied and computational mathematics; and...
Diffuse gas emissions at the Ukinrek Maars, Alaska: Implications for magmatic degassing and volcanic monitoring
William C. Evans, D. Bergfeld, R. G. McGimsey, A.G. Hunt
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 527-535
Diffuse CO2 efflux near the Ukinrek Maars, two small volcanic craters that formed in 1977 in a remote part of the Alaska Peninsula, was investigated using accumulation chamber measurements. High CO2 efflux, in many places exceeding 1000 g m−2 d−1, was found in conspicuous zones of plant damage or kill...
A distal earthquake cluster concurrent with the 2006 explosive eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
M. A. Fisher, N.A. Ruppert, R.A. White, Frederic H. Wilson, D. Comer, R. W. Sliter, F. L. Wong
2009, Tectonophysics (469) 25-36
Clustered earthquakes located 25 km northeast of Augustine Volcano began about 6 months before and ceased soon after the volcano's 2006 explosive eruption. This distal seismicity formed a dense cluster less than 5 km across, in map view, and located in depth between 11 km and 16 km. This seismicity was contemporaneous with sharply increased...
Nonlinear processes in volcanoes
Bernard A. Chouet
Robert A. Meyers, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science
No abstract available...
Task 1: Whole-body concentrations of elements in kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens), and Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) from offshore oil platforms and natural areas in the Southern California Bight
Milton S. Love
2009, Report, Reproductive ecology and body burden of resident fish prior to decomissioning
Resource managers are concerned that offshore oil platforms in the Southern California Bight may be contributing to environmental contaminants accumulated by marine fishes. To examine this possibility, 18 kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), 80 kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens), and 98 Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) were collected from five offshore oil platforms...
Broadening the focus of bat conservation and research in the USA for the 21st century
Theodore J. Weller, Paul M. Cryan, Thomas J. O'Shea
2009, Endangered Species Research (8) 129-145
Appropriately, bat conservation in the USA during the 20th century focused on species that tend to aggregate in large numbers and locations (e.g. maternity roosts, hibernacula) where populations are most vulnerable. Extensive research into habitat needs (primarily for roosting) of reproductive females during the previous 2 decades has produced...
Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
R.T. Chesser, S. Claramunt, E. Derryberry, R.T. Brumfield
2009, Zootaxa 64-68
[No abstract available]...
Identifying pathways and processes affecting nitrate and orthophosphate inputs to streams in agricultural watersheds
A. J. Tesoriero, J.H. Duff, D.M. Wolock, N.E. Spahr, J.E. Almendinger
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1892-1900
Understanding nutrient pathways to streams will improve nutrient management strategies and estimates of the time lag between when changes in land use practices occur and when water quality effects that result from these changes are observed. Nitrate and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations in several environmental compartments were examined in watersheds having...
Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip
N.M. Beeler
2009, Pure and Applied Geophysics (166) 1775-1798
For the purpose of modeling natural fault slip, a useful result from an experimental fault mechanics study would be a physically-based constitutive relation that well characterizes all the relevant observations. This report describes an approach for constructing such equations. Where possible the construction intends to identify or, at least, attribute...
Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities
S.M. Ostoja, E.W. Schupp
2009, Diversity and Distributions (15) 863-870
Aim The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long-term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion...
A serological survey of infectious disease in Yellowstone National Park's canid community
E.S. Almberg, L.D. Mech, D.W. Smith, J.W. Sheldon, R.L. Crabtree
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Background: Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park (YNP) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. In 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed sympatric wolf, coyote (Canis...
Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaii, USA
A.E. Draut, Michael H. Bothner, M.E. Field, Richard L. Reynolds, S.A. Cochran, J.B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, C.J. Berg
2009, Geological Society of America Bulletin (121) 574-585
In contrast to many small, mountainous watersheds in temperate coastal regions, where fluvial discharge and wave energy commonly coincide, deposition and reworking of tropical flood sediment can be seasonally decoupled, and this has important implications for coral-reef ecosystems. An understanding of the interaction between tropical flood sedimentation and wave climate...
Sediment yield from the tectonically active semiarid Western Transverse Ranges of California
J.A. Warrick, L.A.K. Mertes
2009, Geological Society of America Bulletin (121) 1054-1070
Sediment yields from the world's rivers are generally highest from steep drainage basins with weak lithology, active tectonics, or severe land-use impacts. Here, we evaluate sediment yields from the Western Transverse Ranges of California in an attempt to explain why they are two- to tenfold greater than the surrounding areas...
Foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA: Responses to urban and agricultural influence in a subtropical estuary
E. A. Carnahan, A.M. Hoare, P. Hallock, B. H. Lidz, C. D. Reich
2009, Marine Pollution Bulletin (59) 221-233
This study assessed foraminiferal assemblages in Biscayne Bay, Florida, a heavily utilized estuary, interpreting changes over the past 65 years and providing a baseline for future comparisons. Analyses of foraminiferal data at the genus level revealed three distinct biotopes. The assemblage from the northern bay was characterized by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia,...
