Improved prediction and tracking of volcanic ash clouds
Larry G. Mastin, Peter Webley
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (186) 1-9
During the past 30 years, more than 100 airplanes have inadvertently flown through clouds of volcanic ash from erupting volcanoes. Such encounters have caused millions of dollars in damage to the aircraft and have endangered the lives of tens of thousands of passengers....
Warmwater fish in rivers
Christopher S. Guy, P. J. Braaten, Mark P. Herzog, John Pitlo, R. Scott Rogers
Scott A. Bonar, Wayne A. Hubert, David W. Willis, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes
Large warmwater rivers are complex ecosystems and often contain numerous species and habitats. We loosely define a large river as having a drainage area greater than 50,000 km2 and a stream order great than six. Further, these rivers typically have mean discharges greater than 1,500 m3/s. Channel patterns are highly...
Heritage strain and diet of wild young of year and yearling lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron
E.F. Roseman, W. Stott, T. P. O’Brien, S.C. Riley, J.S. Schaeffer
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 620-626
Restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush stocks in Lake Huron is a fish community objective developed to promote sustainable fish communities in the lake. Between 1985 and 2004, 12.65 million lake trout were stocked into Lake Huron representing eight different genetic strains. Collections of bona fide wild fish in USGS...
Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition
J.J. Elser, T. Andersen, Jill Baron, A.-K. Bergstrom, M. Jansson, M. Kyle, K. R. Nydick, L. Steger, D.O. Hessen
2009, Science (326) 835-837
Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in...
Identification of hydrated silicate minerals on Mars using MRO-CRISM: Geologic context near Nili Fossae and implications for aqueous alteration
B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, G.A. Swayze, R. N. Clark, J.L. Bishop, F. Poulet, D.J. Des Marais, L.H. Roach, R.E. Milliken, J.J. Wray, O. Barnouin-Jha, S.L. Murchie
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
[1] The Noachian terrain west of the Isidis basin hosts a diverse collection of alteration minerals in rocks comprising varied geomorphic units within a 100,000 km2 region in and near the Nili Fossae. Prior investigations in this region by the Observatoire pour l'Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces,...
Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol
G. Chander, Chengquan Huang, Limin Yang, Collin G. Homer, C. Larson
2009, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (6) 777-781
One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U.S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation...
Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms
Julie A. Blanchong, Dennis M. Heisey, Kim T. Scribner, Scot V. Libants, Chad Johnson, Judd M. Aiken, Julia A. Langenberg, Michael D. Samuel
2009, Infection, Genetics and Evolution (9) 1329-1335
The genetic basis of susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging cervids is of great interest. Association studies of disease susceptibility in free-ranging populations, however, face considerable challenges including: the need for large sample sizes when disease is rare, animals of unknown pedigree create a risk of spurious results...
Quantifying uncertainty in discharge measurements: A new approach
J.E. Kiang, T.A. Cohn, R.R. Mason
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
The accuracy of discharge measurements using velocity meters and the velocity-area method is typically assessed based on empirical studies that may not correspond to conditions encountered in practice. In this paper, a statistical approach for assessing uncertainty based on interpolated variance estimation (IVE) is introduced. The IVE method quantifies all...
Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas
Larry R. Brown, Thomas F. Cuffney, James F. Coles, Faith A. Fitzpatrick, Gerard McMahon, Jeffrey Steuer, Amanda H. Bell, Jason T. May
2009, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (28) 1051-1069
Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and...
Historical abundance and morphology of Didymosphenia species in Naknek Lake, Alaska
D.P. Pite, K.A. Lane, A.K. Hermann, S. A. Spaulding, B. P. Finney
2009, Conference Paper, Acta Botanica Croatica
Since the 1980s, nuisance blooms of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt have been documented in sites that are warmer and more mesotrophic than historical records indicate. While the invasion of D. geminata in New Zealand is well documented, it is less clear whether nuisance blooms in North America are a...
Relation of urbanization to stream fish assemblages and species traits in nine metropolitan areas of the United States
Larry R. Brown, M. Brian Gregory, Jason T. May
2009, Urban Ecosystems (12) 391-416
We examined associations of fish assemblages and fish traits with urbanization and selected environmental variables in nine major United States metropolitan areas. The strongest relations between fishes and urbanization occurred in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; and Portland, Oregon. In these areas, environmental variables with...
Mercury concentrations and loads in a large river system tributary to San Francisco Bay, California, USA
N. David, L.J. McKee, F.J. Black, A.R. Flegal, C.H. Conaway, D. H. Schoellhamer, N. K. Ganju
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 2091-2100
In order to estimate total mercury (HgT) loads entering San Francisco Bay, USA, via the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, unfiltered water samples were collected between January 2002 and January 2006 during high flow events and analyzed for HgT. Unfiltered HgT concentrations ranged from 3.2 to 75 ng/L and showed a...
Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
J.M. Plumb, P.J. Blanchfield
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 2011-2023
We compared theoretical habitat volumes, determined from traditional combinations of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) boundaries, with in situ habitat use by acoustically tagged lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The widely used criteria of 8–12 °C underestimated lake trout habitat use by 68%–80%. Instead, combined temperature (<12 or 15 °C)...
Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA
Jayne Belnap, Richard L. Reynolds, Marith C. Reheis, Susan L. Phillips, Frank Urban, Harland L. Goldstein
2009, Aeolian Research (1) 27-43
Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and...
Experimental infection of a North American raptor, American kestrel (Falco sparverius), with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1)
Jeffrey S. Hall, Hon S. Ip, J. C. Franson, C. Meteyer, Sean W. Nashold, Joshua L. Teslaa, J. French, P. Redig, C. Brand
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Several species of wild raptors have been found in Eurasia infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1. Should HPAIV (H5N1) reach North America in migratory birds, species of raptors are at risk not only from environmental exposure, but also from consuming infected birds and carcasses. In this...
Elements of an improved model of debris-flow motion
R.M. Iverson
2009, Conference Paper, AIP Conference Proceedings
A new depth-averaged model of debris-flow motion describes simultaneous evolution of flow velocity and depth, solid and fluid volume fractions, and pore-fluid pressure. Non-hydrostatic pore-fluid pressure is produced by dilatancy, a state-dependent property that links the depth-averaged shear rate and volumetric strain rate of the granular phase. Pore-pressure changes caused...
Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california
W. Russell, J. Shulzitski, A. Setty
2009, Ecological Restoration (27) 439-448
The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the...
Chapter 3 - Phenomenology of tsunamis: Statistical properties from generation to runup
Eric L. Geist
2009, Advances in Geophysics (51) 107-169
Observations related to tsunami generation, propagation, and runup are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. In the three coastal regimes considered (near-field broadside, near-field oblique, and far field), the observed maximum wave amplitude is associated with different parts of the tsunami wavefield. The maximum amplitude in the near-field broadside...
Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium
S.R. Hinkle, L. J. Kauffman, M.A. Thomas, C. J. Brown, K. A. McCarthy, S. M. Eberts, Michael R. Rosen, B. G. Katz
2009, Journal of Hydrology (376) 132-142
Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations...
Feeding ecology of lake whitefish larvae in eastern Lake Ontario
James H. Johnson, James E. McKenna, Marc A. Chalupnicki, Tim Wallbridge, Rich Chiavelli
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 603-607
We examined the feeding ecology of larval lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario, during April and May 2004-2006. Larvae were collected with towed ichthyoplankton nets offshore and with larval seines along the shoreline. Larval feeding periodicity was examined from collections made at 4-h intervals over one 24-h...
Effects of introduced fish on macroinvertebrate communities in historically fishless headwater and kettle lakes
Emily Gaenzle Schilling, Cynthia S. Loftin, Alexander D. Huryn
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 3030-3038
Widespread fish introductions have led to a worldwide decline in the number of fishless lakes and their associated communities. Studies assessing effects of fish stocking on native communities in historically fishless lakes have been limited to high-elevation headwater lakes stocked with non-native trout. Little is known about the effect of...
Elevated naturally occurring arsenic in a semiarid oxidizing system, Southern High Plains aquifer, Texas, USA
Bridget R. Scanlon, J.-P. Nicot, R.C. Reedy, D. Kurtzman, A. Mukherjee, D. Kirk Nordstrom
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 2061-2071
High groundwater As concentrations in oxidizing systems are generally associated with As adsorption onto hydrous metal (Al, Fe or Mn) oxides and mobilization with increased pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, sources and mobilization mechanisms of As in the Southern High Plains (SHP) aquifer, Texas,...
New Permian durhaminid cerioid corals from east-central California
C.H. Stevens, P. Stone
2009, Journal of Paleontology (83) 946-953
Permian colonial corals from Artinskian to Kungurian strata in the Conglomerate Mesa area, Inyo Mountains, east-central California, include five new species, one of which is assigned to a new genus. The new taxa are: Malpaisia maceyi n. gen. and n. sp., Pararachnastraea bellula n. sp., P. delicata n. sp., P....
Incised channel fills containing conifers indicate that seasonally dry vegetation dominated Pennsylvanian tropical lowlands
H. J. Falcon-Lang, W.J. Nelson, S. Elrick, C.V. Looy, P.R. Ames, William A. DiMichele
2009, Geology (37) 923-926
The idea that the Pennsylvanian tropical lowlands were temporally dominated by rainforest (i.e., the Coal Forest) is deeply ingrained in the literature. Here we challenge two centuries of research by suggesting that this concept is based on a taphonomic artifact, and that seasonally dry vegetation dominated instead. This controversial finding...
Fledging success is a poor indicator of the effects of bird blow flies on ovenbird survival
Sean M. Peterson, Henry M. Streby, Paul M. Kapfer
2009, Condor (111) 193-197
Infestations of bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp. and Trypocalliphora braueri) have various negative effects on the condition of nestling birds. In the absence of other stressors such as inclement weather, however, infestation alone rarely reduces fledging success. Previous studies have documented effects of blow flies on nestling condition and fledging success. Without...
