Interactive effects of wildfire and permafrost on microbial communities and soil processes in an Alaskan black spruce forest
M. P. Waldrop, J.W. Harden
2008, Global Change Biology (14) 2591-2602
Boreal forests contain significant quantities of soil carbon that may be oxidized to CO2 given future increases in climate warming and wildfire behavior. At the ecosystem scale, decomposition and heterotrophic respiration are strongly controlled by temperature and moisture, but we questioned whether changes in microbial biomass, activity, or community structure...
Fluctuating Arctic Sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model
G. I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas, Nikita G. Platonov
2008, Journal of Climate (21) 716-729
Sea ice thickness (SIT) is a key parameter of scientific interest because understanding the natural spatiotemporal variability of ice thickness is critical for improving global climate models. In this paper, changes in Arctic SIT during 1982-2003 are examined using a neural network (NN) algorithm trained with in situ submarine ice...
Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians
Jeff L. Hansbarger, J. Todd Petty, Patricia M. Mazik
2008, Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (62) 142-148
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat restoration is needed across a range of stream sizes; however, studies quantifying brook trout habitat preferences in streams of differing sizes are rare. We used radio-telemetry to quantify adult brook trout microhabitat use in a central Appalachian watershed, the upper Shavers Fork of the Cheat...
Modern perspectives on measuring and interpreting seafloor heat flux
Reid N. Harris, A. Fisher, C. Ruppel, F. Martinez
2008, Conference Paper, The Future of Marine Heat Flow: Defining Scientific Goals and Experimental Needs for the 21st Century
There has been a resurgence of interest in marine heat flow in the past 10–15 years, coinciding with fundamental achievements in understanding the Earth's thermal state and quantifying the dynamics and impacts of material and energy fluxes within and between the lithosphere and hydrosphere. At the same time, technical capabilities...
Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation
C.A. Cravotta III, S.J. Ward, J. M. Hammarstrom
2008, Mine Water and the Environment (27) 86-99
Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and other metals can be neutralized to varying degrees by reactions with limestone in passive treatment systems. We evaluated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics and the effectiveness of calcitic and dolomitic limestone for the neutralization of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD...
Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management
Jim Graham, Annie Simpson, Alycia W. Crall, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Greg Newman, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2008, BioScience (58) 263-268
Although the quantity of data on the location, status, and management of invasive species is ever increasing, invasive species data sets are often difficult to obtain and integrate. A cyberinfrastructure for such information could make these data available for Internet users. The data can be used to create regional watch...
Investigating gas hydrate as a factor in accretionary margin frontal ridge slope failures and cold seep biogeochemistry
R. Enkin, L. Esteban, R. Haacke, T.S. Hamilton, M. Hogg, L. Lapham, G. Middleton, P. Neelands, John W. Pohlman, M Riedel, K. Rose, A. Schlesinger, G. Standen, A. Stephenson, S. Taylor, W. Waite, X. Wang
2008, Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter (8) 9-12
During August 2008, a research expedition (2008-007-PGC) was carried out offshore Vancouver Island on the northern Cascadia Margin (Figure 1) to study the role of gas hydrate in slope stability and cold seep biogeochemistry. The cruise was organized by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) as part of the Earth...
Workshop summary: Physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediment
William F. Waite, J.C. Santamarina
2008, Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter (8) 18-18
A wide range of particle and pore scale phenomena, often coupled, determines the macro-scale response of gas-hydrate bearing sediment to changes in mechanical, thermal, or chemical conditions. Predicting this macro-scale response is critical for applications such as optimizing the production of methane from gas-hydrate deposits, or determining the role of...
Diplotriaena, Serratospiculum, and Serratospiculoides
Mauritz C. Sterner, Rebecca A. Cole
Carter T. Atkinson, Nancy J. Thomas, D. Bruce Hunter, editor(s)
2008, Book chapter, Parasitic diseases of wild birds
No abstract available....
Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic
B. Gardner, P.J. Sullivan, S. Epperly, S.J. Morreale
2008, Endangered Species Research (5)
Previous studies indicate that the locations of the endangered loggerhead Caretta caretta and critically endangered leatherback Dermochelys coriacea sea turtles are influenced by water temperatures, and that incidental catch rates in the pelagic longline fishery vary by region. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model to examine the effects of environmental...
Biodynamic modeling of PCB uptake by Macoma balthica and Corbicula fluminea from sediment amended with activated carbon
Pamela B. McLeod, S. N. Luoma, R.G. Luthy
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 484-490
Activated carbon amendment was assessed in the laboratory as a remediation strategy for freshwater sediment contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the Grasse River (near Massena, NY). Three end points were evaluated: aqueous equilibrium PCB concentration, uptake into semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), and 28-day bioaccumulation in the clam Corbicula fluminea....
Relation between species assemblages of fishes and water quality in salt ponds and sloughs in South San Francisco Bay
F. Mejia, M. K. Saiki, John Y. Takekawa
2008, Southwestern Naturalist (53) 335-345
This study was conducted to characterize fishery resources inhabiting salt-evaporation ponds and sloughs in South San Francisco Bay, and to identify key environmental variables that influence distribution of fishes. The ponds, which were originally constructed and operated for commercial production of salt, have undergone preliminary modifications (installation of culverts, gates,...
Survival of dusky Canada goose goslings in relation to weather and annual nest success
T.F. Fondell, David A. Miller, J. Barry Grand, R Michael Anthony
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1614-1621
The dusky Canada goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis) population has been in long‐term decline, likely due to reduced breeding productivity, but gosling survival of this population had not been examined. We studied gosling survival in broods of radiomarked adult females on the western Copper River Delta, Alaska, USA, during 1997–1999 and...
Distribution of heavy metals and foraminiferal assemblages in sediments of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA
E. A. Carnahan, A.M. Hoare, P. Hallock, B. H. Lidz, C. D. Reich
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (24) 159-169
Heavy-metal pollution is an issue of concern in estuaries influenced by agriculture, urban, and harbor activities. Foraminiferal assemblages have been shown to be effective indicators of pollution. Sediment samples (n = 110) from Biscayne Bay were analyzed for heavy metals, foraminiferal assemblages, and grain-size distribution. Highest Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg,...
Porewater biogeochemistry and soil metabolism in dwarf red mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize)
R.Y. Lee, W.P. Porubsky, Ilka C. Feller, K.L. McKee, S.B. Joye
2008, Biogeochemistry (87) 181-198
Seasonal variability in biogeochemical signatures was used to elucidate the dominant pathways of soil microbial metabolism and elemental cycling in an oligotrophic mangrove system. Three interior dwarf mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize) where surface soils were overlain by microbial mats were sampled during wet and dry periods of the year....
Evaporite-karst problems and studies in the USA
K.S. Johnson
2008, Conference Paper, Environmental Geology
Evaporites, including rock salt (halite) and gypsum (or anhydrite), are the most soluble among common rocks; they dissolve readily to form the same types of karst features that commonly are found in limestones and dolomites. Evaporites are present in 32 of the 48 contiguous states in USA, and they underlie...
The influence of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial phosphorus uptake and bacteria-phytoplankton dynamics in two Minnesota lakes
E.G. Stets, J.B. Cotner
2008, Limnology and Oceanography (53) 137-147
The balance of production in any ecosystem is dependent on the flow of limiting nutrients into either the autotrophic or heterotrophic components of the food web. To understand one of the important controls on the flow of inorganic nutrients between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in lakes, we manipulated dissolved organic carbon...
Observations of the north polar water ice annulus on Mars using THEMIS and TES
Kiri L. Wagstaff, Timothy N. Titus, Anton B. Ivanov, Rebecca Castano, Joshua L. Bandfield
2008, Planetary and Space Science (56) 256-265
The Martian seasonal CO2 ice caps advance and retreat each year. In the spring, as the CO2 cap gradually retreats, it leaves behind an extensive defrosting zone from the solid CO2 cap to the location where all CO2 frost has sublimated. We have been studying this phenomenon in the north...
Immunization of black-tailed prairie dog against plague through consumption of vaccine-laden baits
Tonie E. Rocke, Susan Smith, D.T. Stinchcomb, Jorge E. Osorio
2008, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (44) 930-937
Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and, along with other wild rodents, are significant reservoirs of plague for other wildlife and humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to three groups (n=18,...
Evaluating sampling designs by computer simulation: A case study with the Missouri bladderpod
L.W. Morrison, D. R. Smith, C. Young, D.W. Nichols
2008, Population Ecology (50) 417-425
To effectively manage rare populations, accurate monitoring data are critical. Yet many monitoring programs are initiated without careful consideration of whether chosen sampling designs will provide accurate estimates of population parameters. Obtaining accurate estimates is especially difficult when natural variability is high, or limited budgets determine that only a small...
Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA
R. D. Catchings, D.S. Powars, G. S. Gohn, J. Wright Horton Jr., M. R. Goldman, J.A. Hole
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
A 30-km-long, radial seismic reflection and refraction survey completed across the northern part of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA, confirms that the CBIS is a complex central-peak crater. We used a tomographic P wave velocity model and low-fold reflection images, constrained...
Shoaling of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay
A. Scotti, R.C. Beardsley, B. Butman, J. Pineda
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (113)
The shoaling of the nonlinear internal tide in Massachusetts Bay is studied with a fully nonlinear and nonhydrostatic model. The results are compared with current and temperature observations obtained during the August 1998 Massachusetts Bay Internal Wave Experiment and observations from a shorter experiment which took place in September 2001....
Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid)
J.F. Fairchild, A. Allert, L.S. Sappington, K.J. Nelson, J. Valle
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 623-630
We conducted 96-h static acute toxicity studies to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juveniles of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard cold-water surrogate rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) to three rangeland herbicides commonly used for controlling invasive weeds in the northwestern United States. Relative species sensitivity was compared...
Age-0 Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker nearshore habitat use in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: A patch occupancy approach
S. M. Burdick, H.A. Hendrixson, S. P. VanderKooi
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 417-430
We examined habitat use by age-0 Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris over six substrate classes and in vegetated and nonvegetated areas of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. We used a patch occupancy approach to model the effect of physical habitat and water quality conditions on habitat...
Identifying mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes using object-oriented approach with a lacunarity spatial measure
S.W. Myint, C.P. Giri, L. Wang, Z. Zhu, S.C. Gillete
2008, GIScience and Remote Sensing (45) 188-208
Accurate and reliable information on the spatial distribution of mangrove species is needed for a wide variety of applications, including sustainable management of mangrove forests, conservation and reserve planning, ecological and biogeographical studies, and invasive species management. Remotely sensed data have been used for such purposes with mixed results. Our...
