Comparative diets of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) in the Salmon River, New York
J. H. Johnson
2007, Journal of Great Lakes Research (33) 906-911
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) have established naturalized populations throughout the Great Lakes. Young-of-year of these species occur sympatrically for about one month in Lake Ontario tributaries. This study examined the diets of subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to available food in the Salmon River, New...
Origins of thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols in petroleum
Z. Wei, J.M. Moldowan, F. Fago, J.E. Dahl, C. Cai, K. E. Peters
2007, Energy and Fuels (21) 3431-3436
Thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols are orders of magnitude more abundant in oil altered by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) than they are in nonaltered oil. This suggests that thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols form during TSR. In order to prove this hypothesis, we perform laboratory...
Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: Implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the Southern East Pacific Rise
N.W. Perk, L.A. Coogan, J.A. Karson, E.M. Klein, H.D. Hanna
2007, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (154) 575-590
A suite of samples collected from the uppermost part of the plutonic section of the oceanic crust formed at the southern East Pacific Rise and exposed at the Pito Deep has been examined. These rocks were sampled in situ by ROV and lie beneath a complete upper crustal section providing...
Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada
S. F. Personius, A. J. Crone, M. N. Machette, S. A. Mahan, J.B. Kyung, H. Cisneros, D. J. Lidke
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97) 1662-1678
The 192-km-long Steens fault zone is the most prominent normal fault system in the northern Basin and Range province of western North America. We use trench mapping and radiometric dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last three surface-rupturing earthquakes (E1-E3) on the southern part of the fault south...
Prevalence and distribution of pox-like lesions, avian malaria, and mosquito vectors in Kipahulu valley, Haleakala National Park, Hawai'i, USA
Samuel Aruch, Carter T. Atkinson, Amy F. Savage, Dennis LaPointe
2007, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (43) 567-575
We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of introduced avian malarial infections (Plasmodium relictum) and pox-like lesions (Avipoxvirus) in forest birds from Kīpahulu Valley, Haleakalā National Park, on the island of Maui, and we identified primary larval habitat for the mosquito vector of this disease. This intensively managed wilderness area and...
USGS advances in integrated, high-resolution sea-floor mapping: inner continental shelf to estuaries
J. F. Denny, W. C. Schwab, D.C. Twichell, T.F. O’Brien, W. W. Danforth, D.S. Foster, E. Bergeron, C.W. Worley, B.J. Irwin, B. Butman, P. C. Valentine, W. E. Baldwin, R.A. Morton, E.R. Thieler, D.R. Nichols, B.D. Andrews
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been involved in geological mapping of the sea floor for the past thirty years. Early geophysical and acoustic mapping efforts using GLORIA (Geologic LOng Range Inclined ASDIC) a long-range sidescan-sonar system, provided broad-scale imagery of deep waters within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)....
Regional beach/cliff system dynamics along the california coast
C.J. Hapke, Don Reid
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
The coast of California is comprised of both sandy shorelines and cliffed coastline, and in many areas these features spatially coincide. In order to better understand the regional trends of change along the California coast, the U.S. Geological Survey is quantifying both sandy shoreline change and coastal cliff retreat for...
A rapid compatibility analysis of potential offshore sand sources for beaches of the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell
N. Mustain, G. Griggs, P.L. Barnard
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
The beaches of the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell, which are narrow as a result of either natural and/or anthropogenic factors, may benefit from nourishment. Sand compatibility is fundamental to beach nourishment success and grain size is the parameter often used to evaluate equivalence. Only after understanding which sand sizes naturally...
Hindcasting potential hurricane impacts on rapidly changing barrier islands
H.F. Stockdon, D.M. Thompson, A. H. Sallenger Jr.
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
Hindcasts of the coastal impact of Hurricane Ivan on Santa Rosa Island, Florida, using a storm-impact scaling model that compares hurricane-induced water levels to local dune morphology, were found to have an accuracy of 68% in predicting the occurrence of one of four impact regimes: swash, collision, overwash, and inundation....
Responses to riparian restoration in the Spring Creek watershed, Central Pennsylvania
R.F. Carline, M.C. Walsh
2007, Restoration Ecology (15) 731-742
Riparian treatments, consisting of 3- to 4-m buffer strips, stream bank stabilization, and rock-lined stream crossings, were installed in two streams with livestock grazing to reduce sediment loading and stream bank erosion. Cedar Run and Slab Cabin Run, the treatment streams, and Spring Creek, an adjacent reference stream without riparian...
Application of acoustic doppler velocimeters for streamflow measurements
M. Rehmel
2007, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (133) 1433-1438
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) principally has used Price AA and Price pygmy mechanical current meters for measurement of discharge. New technologies have resulted in the introduction of alternatives to the Price meters. One alternative, the FlowTracker acoustic Doppler velocimeter, was designed by SonTek/YSI to make streamflow measurements in wadeable...
Modeling englacial radar attenuation at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, using ice chemistry and temperature data
J.A. MacGregor, D.P. Winebrenner, H. Conway, K. Matsuoka, P.A. Mayewski, G.D. Clow
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (112)
The radar reflectivity of an ice-sheet bed is a primary measurement for discriminating between thawed and frozen beds. Uncertainty in englacial radar attenuation and its spatial variation introduces corresponding uncertainty in estimates of basal reflectivity. Radar attenuation is proportional to ice conductivity, which depends on the concentrations of acid and...
System for ranking relative threats of U.S. volcanoes
John W. Ewert
2007, Natural Hazards Review (8) 112-124
A methodology to systematically rank volcanic threat was developed as the basis for prioritizing volcanoes for long-term hazards evaluations, monitoring, and mitigation activities. A ranking of 169 volcanoes in the United States and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (U.S. volcanoes) is presented based on scores...
Survey of selected pathogens and blood parameters of northern yellowstone elk: Wolf sanitation effect implications
S. M. Barber-Meyer, P.J. White, L.D. Mech
2007, American Midland Naturalist (158) 369-381
The restoration or conservation of predators could reduce seroprevalences of certain diseases in prey if predation selectively removes animals exhibiting clinical signs. We assessed disease seroprevalences and blood parameters of 115 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) wintering on the northern range of Yellowstone National Park [YNP] during 2000-2005 and compared...
Regional dynamics of grassland change in the western Great Plains
M.A. Drummond
2007, Conference Paper, Great Plains Research
This paper examines the contemporary land-cover changes in two western Great Plains ecoregions between 1973 and 2000. Agriculture and other land uses can have a substantial effect on grassland cover that varies regionally depending on the primary driving forces of change. In order to better understand change, the rates, types,...
Using population genetic tools to develop a control strategy for feral cats (Felis catus) in Hawai'i
H. Hansen, S.C. Hess, D. Cole, P.C. Banko
2007, Wildlife Research (34) 587-596
Population genetics can provide information about the demographics and dynamics of invasive species that is beneficial for developing effective control strategies. We studied the population genetics of feral cats on Hawai'i Island by microsatellite analysis to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure, assess gene flow and connectivity among three populations,...
Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests
J.C. Hagar, K.M. Dugger, E. E. Starkey
2007, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (119) 533-546
Availability of food resources is an important factor in avian habitat selection. Food resources for terrestrial birds often are closely related to vegetation structure and composition. Identification of plant species important in supporting food resources may facilitate vegetation management to achieve objectives for providing bird habitat. We used fecal analysis...
Laysan Teal Anas laysanensis nesting phenology and site characteristics on Laysan Island
M.H. Reynolds, L.H. Crampton, M.S. Vekasy
2007, Wildfowl (57) 54-67
Factors influencing breeding initiation of the endangered Laysan Teal Anas laysanensis were studied on Laysan Island in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge between 1998 and 2006. Sixty-two radio-tagged adult females were tracked for 30-180 days to locate and describe their nest sites. In addition, the Laysan Teal were surveyed...
Validation of streamflow measurements made with acoustic doppler current profilers
K. Oberg, D. S. Mueller
2007, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (133) 1421-1432
The U.S. Geological Survey and other international agencies have collaborated to conduct laboratory and field validations of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements of streamflow. Laboratory validations made in a large towing basin show that the mean differences between tow cart velocity and ADCP bottom-track and water-track velocities were -0.51...
Translocation of wild Laysan Teal Anas laysanensis from Laysan Island to Midway Atoll: Project update
M.H. Reynolds, J.H. Breeden Jr., J.L. Klavitter
2007, Wildfowl (57) 120-124
The Laysan Teal Anas laysanensis is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it has been restricted to Laysan Island over the last 150 years. Individuals of this endangered species have recently been translocated to the two largest islands that comprise Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, to reduce the risk of...
A crustal seismic velocity model for the UK, Ireland and surrounding seas
A. Kelly, R.W. England, Peter K.H. Maguire
2007, Geophysical Journal International (171) 1172-1184
A regional model of the 3-D variation in seismic P-wave velocity structure in the crust of NW Europe has been compiled from wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles. Along each 2-D profile a velocity–depth function has been digitised at 5 km intervals. These 1-D velocity functions were mapped into three dimensions using ordinary...
Spatial and temporal variability in oceanographic and meteorologic forcing along Central California and its implications on nearshore processes
D.K. Wingfield, C. D. Storlazzi
2007, Journal of Marine Systems (68) 457-472
In the past two decades, the understanding of the important large-scale phenomena (El Niño, upwelling, California current, etc) that drive physical, chemical, and biological processes along the US West Coast has greatly improved. However, the ability to predict the influence of annual and inter-annual events on a regional scale still...
An efficient smolt trap for sandy and debris-laden streams
J.G. Scace, B. H. Letcher, J. Noreika
2007, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (27) 1276-1286
Tripod weir and box traps are traditionally used to capture and enumerate out-migrating salmonid smolts in short-term studies and in streams where temporary or portable traps are the only practical option. Although traditional traps can be effective when conditions are ideal, they are often unable to withstand high-discharge events in...
Chronology of the last glacial maximum in the upper Bear River Basin, Utah
B.J.C. Laabs, Jeffrey S. Munroe, J. G. Rosenbaum, K.A. Refsnider, D.M. Mickelson, B. S. Singer, M.W. Caffee
2007, Conference Paper, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
The headwaters of the Bear River drainage were occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by outlet glaciers of the Western Uinta Ice Field, an extensive ice mass (???685 km2) that covered the western slope of the Uinta Mountains. A well-preserved sequence of latero-frontal moraines in the drainage indicates that...
Mercury concentrations and space use of pre-breeding American avocets and black-necked stilts in San Francisco Bay
Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, John Y. Takekawa, Scott A. Demers, Terrence L. Adelsbach, J.D. Bluso, A. Keith Miles, Nils Warnock, Thomas H. Suchanek, Steven E. Schwarzbach
2007, Science of the Total Environment (384) 452-466
We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in pre-breeding American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), the two most abundant breeding shorebirds in San Francisco Bay, California. We tested the effects of species, site, sex, year, and date on total mercury concentrations in blood of pre-breeding adult birds and...
