Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western United States
J.P. Freeman, T.J. Stohlgren, M.E. Hunter, Philip N. Omi, E.J. Martinson, G.W. Chong, C. S. Brown
2007, Ecological Applications (17) 1656-1665
Fire is a natural part of most forest ecosystems in the western United States, but its effects on nonnative plant invasion have only recently been studied. Also, forest managers are engaging in fuel reduction projects to lessen fire severity, often without considering potential negative ecological consequences such as nonnative plant...
Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA
A.G. Maule, A.L. Gannam, J.W. Davis
2007, Chemosphere (67) 1308-1315
Recent studies have demonstrated that fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some...
Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California
J.L. Hardebeck, A.J. Michael, T.M. Brocher
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97) 826-842
The Hayward Fault System is considered the most likely fault system in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, to produce a major earthquake in the next 30 years. To better understand this fault system, we use microseismicity to study its structure and kinematics. We present a new 3D seismic-velocity model...
Impact of recent extreme Arizona storms
C. S. Magirl, R. H. Webb, Peter G. Griffiths, M. Schaffner, C. Shoemaker, E. Pytlak, S. Yatheendradas, S. W. Lyon, Peter A. Troch, S. L. E. Desilets, D.C. Goodrich, C.L. Unkrich, Ann Youberg, P. A. Pearthree
2007, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (88) 191-193
Heavy rainfall on 27–31 July 2006 led to record flooding and triggered an historically unprecedented number of debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, Ariz. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) documented record floods along four watercourses in the Tucson basin, and at least 250 hillslope failures spawned...
Development and certification of the new SRM 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer
E.A. MacKey, M.P. Cronise, C.N. Fales, R.R. Greenberg, S.D. Leigh, S.E. Long, A.F. Marlow, K.E. Murphy, R. Oflaz, J.R. Sieber, M.S. Rearick, L.J. Wood, L.L. Yu, S. A. Wilson, Paul H. Briggs, Z. A. Brown, J. Budahn, P.F. Kane, W.L. Hall Jr.
2007, Conference Paper, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
During the past seven years, several states within the US have enacted regulations that limit the amounts of selected non-nutritive elements in fertilizers. Internationally, several countries, including Japan, China, and Australia, and the European Union also limit the amount of selected elements in fertilizers. The elements of interest include As,...
Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: An example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA
T.G. Fisher, W.L. Loope, W. Pierce, H.M. Jol
2007, Journal of Paleolimnology (37) 365-382
We reconstruct postglacial lake-level history within the Lake Michigan basin using soil stratigraphy, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), sedimentology and 14C data from the Silver Lake basin, which lies adjacent to Lake Michigan. Stratigraphy in nine vibracores recovered from the floor of Silver Lake appears to reflect fluctuation of water levels in the...
Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas, U.S.A
J.L. Banner, A. Guilfoyle, E.W. James, L.A. Stern, M. Musgrove
2007, Journal of Sedimentary Research (77) 615-622
Variations in growth rates of speleothem calcite have been hypothesized to reflect changes in a range of paleoenvironmental variables, including atmospheric temperature and precipitation, drip-water composition, and the rate of soil CO2 delivery to the subsurface. To test these hypotheses, we quantified growth rates of modern speleothem calcite on artificial...
The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. A: current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America
S.G. Bullard, G. Lambert, M.R. Carman, J. Byrnes, R.B. Whitlatch, G. Ruiz, R. J. Miller, L. Harris, P. C. Valentine, J.S. Collie, J. Pederson, D.C. McNaught, A.N. Cohen, R. G. Asch, J. Dijkstra, K. Heinonen
2007, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (342) 99-108
Didemnum sp. A is a colonial ascidian with rapidly expanding populations on the east and west coasts of North America. The origin of Didemum sp. A is unknown. Populations were first observed on the northeast coast of the U.S. in the late 1980s and on the west coast during the...
Balancing data sharing requirements for analyses with data sensitivity
C. S. Jarnevich, J.J. Graham, G.J. Newman, A.W. Crall, T.J. Stohlgren
2007, Biological Invasions (9) 597-599
Data sensitivity can pose a formidable barrier to data sharing. Knowledge of species current distributions from data sharing is critical for the creation of watch lists and an early warning/rapid response system and for model generation for the spread of invasive species. We have created an on-line system to synthesize...
Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds and their mixtures in aquifers of the United States
P. J. Squillace, M.J. Moran
2007, Environmental Science & Technology (41) 2123-2130
Factors associated with sources, transport, and fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater from aquifers throughout the United States were evaluated using statistical methods. Samples were collected from 1631 wells throughout the conterminous United States between 1996 and 2002 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of...
Communication using eye roll reflective signalling
I.N. Flamarique, G.A. Mueller, C.L. Cheng, C.R. Figiel
2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (274) 877-882
Body reflections in the ultraviolet (UV) are a common occurrence in nature. Despite the abundance of such signals and the presence of UV cones in the retinas of many vertebrates, the function of UV cones in the majority of taxa remains unclear. Here, we report on an unusual communication system...
Evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and Toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on Mauna Kea, Hawaii
R.M. Danner, Dan M. Goltz, S.C. Hess, P.C. Banko
2007, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (43) 315-318
We determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen, and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (Felis catus) on Mauna Kea Hawaii from April 2002 to May 2004. Six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to FIV and antigen...
Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature signatures in an Alpine watershed: Valuable tools in conceptual model development
Andrew H. Manning, Jonathan S. Caine
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
Bedrock groundwater in alpine watersheds is poorly understood, mainly because of a scarcity of wells in alpine settings. Groundwater noble gas, age, and temperature data were collected from springs and wells with depths of 3–342 m in Handcart Gulch, an alpine watershed in Colorado. Temperature profiles indicate active groundwater circulation...
Influence of fire on black-tailed prairie dog colony expansion in shortgrass steppe
D.J. Augustine, J.F. Cully Jr., T. L. Johnson
2007, Rangeland Ecology and Management (60) 538-542
Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies are of interest to rangeland managers because of the significant influence prairie dogs can exert on both livestock and biodiversity. We examined the influence of 4 prescribed burns and one wildfire on the rate and direction of...
Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas
M. Szykman, R. C. Van Horn, A.L. Engh, E. E. Boydston, K.E. Holekamp
2007, Behaviour (144) 815-846
Female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are larger and more aggressive than males, and their genitalia are heavily 'masculinized'. These odd traits in females pose unusual challenges for males during courtship and copulation. Here our goals were to describe and quantify the behavior patterns involved in courtship and copulation in Crocuta,...
Declustering of clustered preferential sampling for histogram and semivariogram inference
Ricardo A. Olea
2007, Mathematical Geology (39) 453-467
Measurements of attributes obtained more as a consequence of business ventures than sampling design frequently result in samplings that are preferential both in location and value, typically in the form of clusters along the pay. Preferential sampling requires preprocessing for the purpose of properly inferring characteristics of the parent population,...
Historical and modern disturbance regimes of pinyon-juniper vegetation in the western U.S
William H. Romme, Craig D. Allen, J. Bailey, W. Baker, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, P. Brown, K. Eisenhart, D. Huffman, Lisa Floyd-Hanna, B. Jacobs, R. Miller, Esteban Muldavin, Thomas W. Swetnam, R. Tausch, P. Weisberg
2007, Report
No abstract available....
Cycles of hurricane landfalls on the eastern United States linked to changes in Atlantic sea-surface temperatures
Richard Z. Poore, Terry Quinn, Julie Richey, Jackie L. Smith
2007, Circular 1306-2A
The occurrence of hurricane landfalls on the United States may be related to alternating intervals of persistent above-average and below-average surface temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean. The cycle of temperature variations, known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), has been identified by study of records based on thermometer readings...
Restoring resilience to the Gulf of Mexico coast
Gregory J. Smith
2007, Circular 1306-1A
Hurricane Katrina and its destructive aftermath in 2005 were unprecedented. Hurricanes Dennis, Rita, and Wilma were also powerful hurricanes affecting the Gulf of Mexico that year. These storms highlighted the need to integrate science that supports restoration of natural landscapes with intelligent coastal planning. The following essay describes both the...
Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice
Zhengxi Tan, R. Lal, L. Owens, R. C. Izaurralde
2007, Soil and Tillage Research (92) 53-59
Mass distributions of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are influenced by land use and management. Concentrations of C and N in light- and heavy fractions of bulk soils and aggregates in 0–20 cm were determined to evaluate the role of aggregation in SOC sequestration under conventional tillage (CT), no-till (NT),...
Laboratory evaluation of predator avoidance ability, tag loss, and tissue response of acoustic-tagged juvenile salmonids: Draft Annual Report of Research 2006
T.L. Liedtke, L.P. Gee, M.G. Mesa, J.W. Beeman, D.G. Elliott, C. M. Conway
2007, Report
n/a...
Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: Implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies
L. Gustafson, W. Showers, T. Kwak, J. Levine, M. Stoskopf
2007, Oecologia (152) 140-150
Stable isotopes can be used to elucidate ecological relationships in community and trophic studies. Findings are calibrated against baselines, e.g. from a producer or primary consumer, assumed to act as a reference to the isotopic context created by spatio-temporal attributes such as geography, climate, nutrient, and energy sources. The ability...
Fix success and accuracy of GPS radio collars in old-growth temperate coniferous forests
Kimberly A. Sager-Fradkin, Kurt J. Jenkins, Robert L. Hoffman, P. Happe, J. Beecham, R.G. Wright
2007, Journal of Wildlife Management (71) 1298-1308
Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is used extensively to study animal distribution and resource selection patterns but is susceptible to biases resulting from data omission and spatial inaccuracies. These data errors may cause misinterpretation of wildlife habitat selection or spatial use patterns. We used both stationary test collars and collared...
Grids of Agricultural Pesticide Use in the Conterminous United States, 1992
Naomi Nakagaki
2007, Report
This spatial dataset consists of 199 1-kilometer (km) resolution grids depicting estimated agricultural use of 199 pesticides in 1992 for the conterminous United States. Each grid cell value in the national grids of this dataset is the estimated total kilograms (kg) of a pesticide applied to row crops, small grain...
Local search for optimal global map generation using mid-decadal landsat images
L. Khatib, J. Gasch, Robert Morris, S. Covington
2007, Conference Paper, AAAI Workshop - Technical Report
NASA and the US Geological Survey (USGS) are seeking to generate a map of the entire globe using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor data from the "mid-decadal" period of 2004 through 2006. The global map is comprised of thousands of scene...
