Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR
E.S. Boss, R. Collier, G. Larson, K. Fennel, W.S. Pegau
2007, Hydrobiologia (574) 149-159
Spectral inherent optical properties (IOPs) have been measured at Crater Lake, OR, an extremely clear sub-alpine lake. Indeed Pure water IOPs are major contributors to the total IOPs, and thus to the color of the lake. Variations in the spatial distribution of IOPs were observed in June and September 2001,...
Effect of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago
M.A. Ricca, A.K. Miles, R.G. Anthony, X. Deng, S. S. O. Hung
2007, Canadian Journal of Zoology (85) 40-48
We tested whether extracting lipids reduced confounding variation in ??13C and ??15N values by analyzing paired lipid-extracted (LE) and non-lipid-extracted (NLE) samples of bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L., 1766)) whole eggs, muscle tissue from nine seabird and one terrestrial bird species, muscle tissue from four marine fish species, and blue...
Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i
Chris E. Gregg, Bruce F. Houghton, Douglas Paton, David M. Johnston, David A. Swanson, B.S. Yanagi
2007, Natural Hazards (40) 71-87
The devastating southeast Asian tsunami of December 26, 2004 has brought home the destructive consequences of coastal hazards in an absence of effective warning systems. Since the 1946 tsunami that destroyed much of Hilo, Hawai‘i, a network of pole mounted sirens has been used to provide an early public...
Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system
D.A. Wark, W. Hildreth, F.S. Spear, D.J. Cherniak, E.B. Watson
2007, Geology (35) 235-238
The 650 km3 rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (eastern California, USA), which is stratigraphically zoned with respect to temperatures of mineral equilibration, reflects a corresponding thermal gradient in the source magma chamber. Consistent with previous work, application of the new TitaniQ (Ti-in-quartz) thermometer to quartz phenocryst rims documents an ∼100 °C temperature increase...
Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection
A.M. Dausman, C.D. Langevin, M.C. Sukop
2007, Conference Paper, IAHS-AISH Publication
A hydrological analysis using a numerical simulation was done to identify the transient response of the salinity and temperature of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and utilize the results to guide data collection. Results indicate that the amount of SGD fluctuates depending on the ocean stage and geology, with the greatest...
Bacteria form tellurium nanocrystals
R.S. Oremland
2007, Industrial Bioprocessing (29) 5-5
A team of researchers have found two bacterial species that produce tellurium oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors for growth, leaving elemental tellurium in the form of nanoparticles. The crystals from the two organisms exhibit distinctively different structures. Bacillus selenitireducens initially forms nanorods that cluster together to form rosettes. Sulfurospirillum barnesii...
Modeling tradeoffs in avian life history traits and consequences for population growth
M.E. Clark, T. E. Martin
2007, Ecological Modelling (209) 110-120
Variation in population dynamics is inherently related to life history characteristics of species, which vary markedly even within phylogenetic groups such as passerine birds. We computed the finite rate of population change (??) from a matrix projection model and from mark-recapture observations for 23 bird species breeding in northern Arizona....
Remote sensing and GIS technology in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Project
B. Raup, Andreas Kaab, J.S. Kargel, M.P. Bishop, G. Hamilton, E. Lee, F. Paul, F. Rau, D. Soltesz, S.J.S. Khalsa, M. Beedle, C. Helm
2007, Computers & Geosciences (33) 104-125
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyze them for glacier extent and changes, and to assess these change data in terms of forcings. The consortium is organized into a system of Regional Centers, each of which...
Conodont index fossil Hindeodus changxingensis Wang fingers greatest mass extinction event
I. Metcalfe, R.S. Nicoll, B. R. Wardlaw
2007, Palaeoworld (16) 202-207
The marine conodont fossil species, Hindeodus changxingensis Wang, that has a distinctive morphology, is restricted to a very narrow stratigraphic interval essentially from the Permian-Triassic extinction event through the internationally recognized boundary and into the very earliest Triassic. The species is geographically widespread in the Tethyan Region, from Italy to...
Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004
J. W. Dewey, G. Choy, B. Presgrave, S. Sipkin, Arthur C. Tarr, H. Benz, P. Earle, D. Wald
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97)
The U.S. Geological Survey/National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/ NEIC) had computed origins for 5000 earthquakes in the Sumatra-Andaman Islands region in the first 36 weeks after the Sumatra-Andaman Islands mainshock of 26 December 2004. The cataloging of earthquakes of mb (USGS) 5.1 and larger is essentially complete for the time...
Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: Implications for land management
J. Belnap, S. L. Phillips, J. E. Herrick, J.R. Johansen
2007, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (32) 75-84
Recently disturbed and 'control' (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV, i.e. the wind speed...
Hydrothermal fluid flow and deformation in large calderas: Inferences from numerical simulations
Shaul Hurwitz, L.B. Christiansen, Paul A. Hsieh
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (112)
[1] Inflation and deflation of large calderas is traditionally interpreted as being induced by volume change of a discrete source embedded in an elastic or viscoelastic half-space, though it has also been suggested that hydrothermal fluids may play a role. To test the latter hypothesis, we...
Distribution, habitat, size, and color pattern of Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Sauria: Teiidae) on Cayo Cochino Pequeño, Honduras
Chad E. Montgomery, Robert N. Reed, Hayley J. Shaw, Scott M. Boback, James M. Walker
2007, Southwestern Naturalist (52) 38-45
Cayo Cochino Pequeño is a 0.64-km2 Caribbean island in the Cayos Cochinos archipelago, Department of Islas de la Bahía, Honduras. One published report noted the presence of the rainbow whiptail (Cnemidophorus lemniscatus) on Cayo Cochino Pequeño, but nothing is known about the biology of this insular population. During a part of...
Emplacement of a silicic lava dome through a crater glacier: Mount St Helens, 2004-06
Joseph S. Walder, Richard G. Lahusen, James W. Vallance, Steve P. Schilling
2007, Annals of Glaciology (45) 14-20
The process of lava-dome emplacement through a glacier was observed for the first time after Mount St Helens reawakened in September 2004. The glacier that had grown in the crater since the cataclysmic 1980 eruption was split in two by the new lava dome. The two parts of the glacier...
Natural restoration of degraded rangeland ecosystem in Heshan hilly land
R. Hai, D. Weibing, W. Jun, Y. Zuoyue, G. Qinfeng
2007, Acta Ecologica Sinica (27) 3593-3600
This study examined the 20-yr trend of natural restoration of a degraded rangeland ecosystem after disturbance in Heshan hilly land. The results showed that herbs and shrubs were the dominant plants in the community and only a small number of the shade-intolerant tree species had invaded, showing the characteristics of...
An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data
D. H. Slone, B.T. Sullivan
2007, Journal of Chemical Ecology (33) 1748-1762
Coupled gas chromatography/electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) is a widely used method for identifying insect olfactory stimulants present in mixtures of volatiles, and it can greatly accelerate the identification of insect semiochemicals. In GC-EAD, voltage changes across an insect's antenna are measured while the antenna is exposed to compounds eluting from a...
Simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
R.E. Wolf, J.M. Morrison, M. B. Goldhaber
2007, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (22) 1051-1060
A method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) species in waters, soil leachates and synthetic bio-fluids is described. The method uses reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography to separate the chromium species and a dynamic reaction cell (DRC??) equipped ICP-MS for detection of chromium. Separation of the chromium species is...
Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations
Jielun Sun, S.-H. Li, D.R. Muhs, B. Li
2007, Quaternary Science Reviews (26) 2265-2280
Well-preserved loess deposits are found on the foothills of mountains along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in southern Tibet. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is used to determine loess ages by applying the single-aliquot regeneration technique. Geochemical, mineralogical, and granulometric measurements were carried out to allow a...
Forecasting probabilistic seismic shaking for greater Tokyo from 400 years of intensity observations
S.B. Bozkurt, R.S. Stein, S. Toda
2007, Earthquake Spectra (23) 525-546
The long recorded history of earthquakes in Japan affords an opportunity to forecast seismic shaking exclusively from past shaking. We calculate the time-averaged (Poisson) probability of severe shaking by using more than 10,000 intensity observations recorded since AD 1600 in a 350 km-wide box centered on Tokyo. Unlike other hazard-assessment...
Clean coal initiatives in Indiana
B.H. Bowen, M.W. Irwin, F.T. Sparrow, Maria Mastalerz, Z. Yu, R.A. Kramer
2007, International Journal of Energy Sector Management (1) 96-108
Purpose - Indiana is listed among the top ten coal states in the USA and annually mines about 35 million short tons (million tons) of coal from the vast reserves of the US Midwest Illinois Coal Basin. The implementation and commercialization of clean coal technologies is important to the economy...
Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community
William E. Pine III, T.J. Kwak, J. A. Rice
2007, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (136) 105-120
The flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, a carnivorous fish species native to most of the central interior basin of North America, has been introduced into at least 13 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province. Concurrent declines in abundance of native fishes have been reported in aquatic systems where flathead catfish have...
Estimation and application of indicator values for common macroinvertebrate genera and families of the United States
D.M. Carlisle, M. R. Meador, S.R. Moulton II, P. M. Ruhl
2007, Ecological Indicators (7) 22-33
Tolerance of macroinvertebrate taxa to chemical and physical stressors is widely used in the analysis and interpretation of bioassessment data, but many estimates lack empirical bases. Our main objective was to estimate genus- and family-level indicator values (IVs) from a data set of macroinvertebrate communities, chemical, and physical stressors collected...
Constraining 17O and 27Al NMR spectra of high-pressure crystals and glasses: New data for jadeite, pyrope, grossular, and mullite
K.E. Kelsey, J.F. Stebbins, L.-S. Du, B. Hankins
2007, American Mineralogist (92) 210-216
The 17O NMR spectra of glasses quenched from melts at high pressure are often difficult to interpret due to overlapping peaks and lack of crystalline model compounds. High-pressure aluminosilicate glasses often contain significant amounts of [5]Al and [6]Al, thus these high-pressure glasses must contain oxygen bonded to high-coordinated aluminum. The...
Upper cretaceous microbial petroleum systems in north-central Montana
Paul G. Lillis
2007, Mountain Geologist (44) 11-35
Cenomanian to Campanian rocks of north-central Montana contain shallow economic accumulations of dry natural gas derived from microbial methanogenesis. The methanogens utilized carbon dioxide derived from organic matter in the marginal marine sediments and hydrogen from in situ pore water to generate methane. The most recent USGS assessment of the shallow...
Predicting the next storm surge flood
B. Stamey, Hongfang Wang, M. Koterba
2007, Sea Technology (48) 10-15
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), National Weather Services (NWS) Sterling and Wakefield, Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), and the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) jointly developed a prototype system of a regional capability to address national problem. The system was developed to integrate high-resolution atmospheric and hydrodynamic and storm...
