Physical and temporal isolation of mountain headwater streams in the western Mojave Desert, Southern California
J. A. Izbicki
2007, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (43) 26-40
Streams draining mountain headwater areas of the western Mojave Desert are commonly physically isolated from downstream hydrologic systems such as springs, playa lakes, wetlands, or larger streams and rivers by stream reaches that are dry much of the time. The physical isolation of surface flow in these streams may be...
Evaluation and comparison of gross primary production estimates for the Northern Great Plains grasslands
Li Zhang, Bruce K. Wylie, Thomas R. Loveland, Eugene A. Fosnight, Larry L. Tieszen, Lei Ji, Tagir Gilmanov
2007, Remote Sensing of Environment (106) 173-189
Two spatially-explicit estimates of gross primary production (GPP) are available for the Northern Great Plains. An empirical piecewise regression (PWR) GPP model was developed from flux tower measurements to map carbon flux across the region. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) GPP model is a process-based model that uses...
Late quaternary temperature record from buried soils of the North American Great Plains
L. Nordt, J. Von Fischer, L. Tieszen
2007, Geology (35) 159-162
We present the first comprehensive late Quaternary record of North American Great Plains temperature by assessing the behavior of the stable isotopic composition (δ13C) of buried soils. After examining the relationship between the δ13C of topsoil organic matter and July temperature from 61 native prairies within a latitudinal range of...
DIN retention-transport through four hydrologically connected zones in a headwater catchment of the Upper Mississippi River
F.J. Triska, J.H. Duff, R.W. Sheibley, A. P. Jackman, R.J. Avanzino
2007, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (43) 60-71
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention-transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial...
Paleoecology of the Late Pennsylvanian-age Calhoun coal bed and implications for long-term dynamics of wetland ecosystems
Debra A. Willard, T.L. Phillips, Alicia D. Lesnikowska, William A. DiMichele
2007, International Journal of Coal Geology (69) 21-54
Quantitative plant assemblage data from coal balls, miospores, megaspores, and compression floras from the Calhoun coal bed (Missourian) of the Illinois Basin (USA) are used to interpret spatial and temporal changes in plant communities in the paleo-peat swamp. Coal-ball and miospore floras from the Calhoun coal bed are dominated strongly...
An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon
Kerry A. Naish, Joseph E. Taylor III, Phillip S. Levin, Thomas P. Quinn, James R. Winton, Daniel Huppert, Ray Hilborn
2007, Advances in Marine Biology (53) 61-194
The historical, political and scientific aspects of salmon hatchery programmes designed to enhance fishery production, or to recover endangered populations, are reviewed. We start by pointing out that the establishment of hatcheries has been a political response to societal demands for harvest and conservation; given this social context, we then...
Effects of sea-level rise on ground water flow in a coastal aquifer system
John P. Masterson, S. P. Garabedian
2007, Ground Water (45) 209-217
The effects of sea-level rise on the depth to the fresh water/salt water interface were simulated by using a density-dependent, three-dimensional numerical ground water flow model for a simplified hypothetical fresh water lens that is similar to shallow, coastal aquifers found along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Simulations...
Trace analysis of trimethoprim and sulfonamide, macrolide, quinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics in chlorinated drinking water using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Z. Ye, H.S. Weinberg, M. T. Meyer
2007, Analytical Chemistry (79) 1135-1144
A multirun analytical method has been developed and validated for trace determination of 24 antibiotics including 7 sulfonamides, 3 macrolides, 7 quinolones, 6 tetracyclines, and trimethoprim in chlorine-disinfected drinking water using a single solid-phase extraction method coupled to liquid chromatography with positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry detection. The analytes were...
Tectonic uplift, threshold hillslopes, and denudation rates in a developing mountain range
S.A. Binnie, W.M. Phillips, M.A. Summerfield, L.K. Fifield
2007, Geology (35) 743-746
Studies across a broad range of drainage basins have established a positive correlation between mean slope gradient and denudation rates. It has been suggested, however, that this relationship breaks down for catchments where slopes are at their threshold angle of stability because, in such cases, denudation is controlled by the...
Ecological linkages between headwaters and downstream ecosystems: Transport of organic matter, invertebrates, and wood down headwater channels
M.S. Wipfli, J.S. Richardson, R.J. Naiman
2007, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (43) 72-85
Headwater streams make up a large proportion of the total length and watershed area of fluvial networks, and are partially characterized by the large volume of organic matter (large wood, detritus, and dissolved organic matter) and invertebrate inputs from the riparian forest, relative to stream size. Much of those inputs...
Quantitative PCR detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis DNA from sediments and water
Julie D. Kirshtein, Chauncey W. Anderson, J.S. Wood, Joyce E. Longcore, Mary A. Voytek
2007, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (77) 11-15
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes chytridiomycosis, a disease implicated in amphibian declines on 5 continents. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets exist with which amphibians can be tested for this disease, and advances in sampling techniques allow non-invasive testing of animals. We developed filtering and PCR based quantitative...
Evaluation of the status of anurans on a refuge in suburban Maryland
S.M. Brander, J. Andrew Royle, M. Eames
2007, Journal of Herpetology (41) 52-60
Because many anurans have well-defined breeding seasons and male anurans produce loud advertisement calls, surveys of these breeding choruses are believed to provide a dependable means of monitoring population trends. The Patuxent Research Refuge initiated such a calling survey in the spring of 1997, which uses volunteers to collect anuran...
Nesting and foraging behavior of red-winged blackbirds in stormwater wetlands
D. W. Sparling, J. Eisemann, W. Kuenzel
2007, Urban Ecosystems (10) 1-15
Stormwater wetlands are a common part of urban and suburban landscapes. These constructed wetlands provide first-order treatment of effluent from roads, parking lots, lawns and other surfaces. They also provide habitat for wetland-associated birds. Thus, there is a concern that birds may be attracted to potentially toxic habitats. This study...
A unified equation for calculating methane vapor pressures in the CH4-H2O system with measured Raman shifts
W. Lu, I.-M. Chou, R.C. Burruss, Y. Song
2007, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (71) 3969-3978
A unified equation has been derived by using all available data for calculating methane vapor pressures with measured Raman shifts of C-H symmetric stretching band (??1) in the vapor phase of sample fluids near room temperature. This equation eliminates discrepancies among the existing data sets and can be applied at...
Depredation of common eider, Somateria mollissima, nests on a central Beaufort Sea barrier island: A case where no one wins
John A. Reed, Deborah L. Lacroix, Paul L. Flint
2007, Canadian Field-Naturalist (121) 308-312
Along the central Beaufort Sea, Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigra) nest on unvegetated, barrier islands; often near nesting Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus). Nest-site choice likely reflects a strategy of predator avoidance: nesting on islands to avoid mammalian predators and near territorial gulls to avoid other avian predators. We observed...
Analysis of otolith microstructure for Cedar River Chinook salmon
A. Lind-Null, K. Larsen, R. Reisenbichler
2007, Report
No abstract available ...
Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians
J. B. Dunham, A.E. Rosenberger, C.H. Luce, B.E. Rieman
2007, Ecosystems (10) 335-346
Wildfire can influence a variety of stream ecosystem properties. We studied stream temperatures in relation to wildfire in small streams in the Boise River Basin, located in central Idaho, USA. To examine the spatio-temporal aspects of temperature in relation to wildfire, we employed three approaches: a pre-post fire comparison of...
Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets
S.S. Haines, S.R. Pride, S.L. Klemperer, B. Biondi
2007, Geophysics (72)
We have undertaken a series of controlled field experiments to develop seismoelectric experimental methods for near-surface applications and to improve our understanding of seismoelectric phenomena. In a set of off-line geometry surveys (source separated from the receiver line), we place seismic sources and electrode array receivers on opposite sides of...
Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods
P. Nagler, A. Jetton, J. Fleming, K. Didan, E. Glenn, J. Erker, K. Morino, J. Milliken, S. Gloss
2007, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (144) 95-110
Native tree plantations have been proposed for the restoration of wildlife habitat in human-altered riparian corridors of western U.S. rivers. Evapotranspiration (ET) by riparian vegetation is an important, but poorly quantified, term in river water budgets. Native tree restoration plots will potentially increase ET. We used sap flow sensors and...
Cytherellid species (Ostracoda) and their significance to the Late Quaternary events in the Santos Basin, Brazil
C.T. Bergue, J.C. Coimbra, T. M. Cronin
2007, Senckenbergiana Maritima (37) 5-12
Four autochthonous cytherellid species (Cytherella serratula (BRADY, 1880), C. hermargentina WHATLEY et al. 1998, C. pleistocenica sp. nov. and C. santosensis sp. nov.) have been identified from two offshore cores (44 samples) within the Santos Basin. The distribution of these ostracodes is controlled by local hydrological conditions such as the...
A chronology of Late-Pleistocene permafrost events in southern New Jersey, eastern USA
H.M. French, M. Demitroff, S.L. Forman, Wayne L. Newell
2007, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (18) 49-59
Frost fissures, filled with wind-abraded sand and mineral soil, and numerous small-scale non-diastrophic deformations, occur in the near-surface sediments of the Pine Barrens of southern New Jersey. The fissures are the result of thermal-contraction cracking and indicate the previous existence of either permafrost or seasonally-frozen ground. The deformations reflect thermokarst...
Carbon export and cycling by the Yukon, Tanana, and Porcupine rivers, Alaska, 2001-2005
Robert G. Striegl, Mark M. Dornblaser, George R. Aiken, Kimberly P. Wickland, Peter A. Raymond
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
Loads and yields of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, POC, DIC, PIC) were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon River (YR) and on the Tanana and Porcupine rivers (TR, PR) in Alaska during 2001–2005. Total YR carbon export averaged 7.8 Tg C yr−1, 30%...
Lateral spread hazard mapping of the northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, for a M7.0 scenario earthquake
M.J. Olsen, S.F. Bartlett, B.J. Solomon
2007, Earthquake Spectra (23) 95-113
This paper describes the methodology used to develop a lateral spread-displacement hazard map for northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah, using a scenario M7.0 earthquake occurring on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault. The mapping effort is supported by a substantial amount of geotechnical, geologic, and topographic data...
Effects of habitat management treatments on plant community composition and biomass in a Montane wetland
Jane E. Austin, Janet R. Keough, W.H. Pyle
2007, Wetlands (27) 570-587
Grazing and burning are commonly applied practices that can impact the diversity and biomass of wetland plant communities. We evaluated the vegetative response of wetlands and adjacent upland grasslands to four treatment regimes (continuous idle, fall prescribed burning followed by idle, annual fall cattle grazing, and rotation of summer grazing...
The viability of a nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle - Kinetics and thermochemistry
D.S. Ross
2007, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere (37) 61-65
The likelihood of a functioning nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle, recently proposed as the precursor to biosynthesis on early Earth, is examined on the basis of the kinetics and thermochemistry of the acetate → pyruvate → oxaloacetate → malate sequence. Using data derived from studies of...
