Cotectic proportions of olivine and spinel in olivine-tholeiitic basalt and evaluation of pre-eruptive processes
Peter Roeder, Emma Gofton, Carl Thornber
2006, Journal of Petrology (47) 883-900
The volume %, distribution, texture and composition of coexisting olivine, Cr-spinel and glass has been determined in quenched lava samples from Hawaii, Iceland and mid-oceanic ridges. The volume ratio of olivine to spinel varies from 60 to 2800 and samples with >0·02% spinel have a volume ratio of olivine to...
State summaries: Kentucky
S.F. Greb, W.H. Anderson
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 92-95
Kentucky mines coal, limestone, clay, sand and gravel. Coal mining operations are carried out mainly in the Western Kentucky Coal Field and the Eastern Kentucky Coal field. As to nonfuel minerals, Mississippian limestones are mined in the Mississippian Plateaus Region and along Pine Mountain in southeastern Kentucky. Ordovician and Silurian...
Bias and uncertainty in regression-calibrated models of groundwater flow in heterogeneous media
R.L. Cooley, S. Christensen
2006, Advances in Water Resources (29) 639-656
Groundwater models need to account for detailed but generally unknown spatial variability (heterogeneity) of the hydrogeologic model inputs. To address this problem we replace the large, m-dimensional stochastic vector ?? that reflects both small and large scales of heterogeneity in the inputs by a lumped or smoothed m-dimensional approximation ????*,...
Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States
R. H. Webb, S. A. Leake
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few...
Interpretation of transmissivity estimates from single-well pumping aquifer tests
K. J. Halford, W.D. Weight, R.P. Schreiber
2006, Ground Water (44) 467-471
Interpretation of single-well tests with the Cooper-Jacob method remains more reasonable than most alternatives. Drawdowns from 628 simulated single-well tests where transmissivity was specified were interpreted with the Cooper-Jacob straight-line method to estimate transmissivity. Error and bias as a function of vertical anisotropy, partial penetration, specific yield, and interpretive technique...
Crims Island habitat restoration in the Columbia River estuary-fisheries monitoring and evaluation, 2004
C. A. Haskell, K.F. Tiffan, R.C. Koch, D.W. Rondorf
2006, Report
No abstract available ...
Regional-scale assessment of a sequence-bounding paleosol on fluvial fans using ground-penetrating radar, eastern San Joaquin Valley, California
V.G.L. Bennett, G.S. Weissmann, G.S. Baker, D.W. Hyndman
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 724-732
Recently developed sequence stratigraphic models for fluvial fans suggest that sequence boundaries in these deposits are marked by laterally extensive paleosols; however, these models were based on paleosol correlations inferred between wells. To test this, we collected ???190 km of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles on three fluvial fans from the...
Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates
N. M. Mahowald, D.R. Muhs, S. Levis, P.J. Rasch, M. Yoshioka, C.S. Zender, C. Luo
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (111)
Desert dust simulations generated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model for the current climate are shown to be consistent with present day satellite and deposition data. The response of the dust cycle to last glacial maximum, preindustrial, modern, and doubled-carbon dioxide climates is analyzed. Only...
The impact of runoff generation mechanisms on the location of critical source areas
S. W. Lyon, M.R. McHale, M. Walter, T.S. Steenhuis
2006, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (42) 793-804
Identifying phosphorus (P) source areas and transport pathways is a key step in decreasing P loading to natural water systems. This study compared the effects of two modeled runoff generation processes - saturation excess and infiltration excess - on total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in 10...
Expressed MHC class II genes in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from geographically disparate populations
Lizabeth Bowen, B.M. Aldridge, A. Keith Miles, J.L. Stott
2006, Tissue Antigens (67) 402-408
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is central to maintaining the immunologic vigor of individuals and populations. Classical MHC class II genes were targeted for partial sequencing in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from populations in California, Washington, and Alaska. Sequences derived from sea otter peripheral blood leukocyte mRNAs were similar to...
Magnesium content within the skeletal architecture of the coral Montastraea faveolata: locations of brucite precipitation and implications to fine-scale data fluctuations
N.A. Buster, C. W. Holmes
2006, Coral Reefs (25) 243-253
Small portions of coral cores were analyzed using a high-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA ICP-MS) to determine the geochemical signatures within and among specific skeletal structures in the large framework coral, Montastraea faveolata. Vertical transects were sampled along three parallel skeletal structures: endothecal (septal flank), corallite...
Sensitivity of Last Glacial Maximum climate to uncertainties in tropical and subtropical ocean temperatures
S. Hostetler, N. Pisias, A. Mix
2006, Quaternary Science Reviews (25) 1168-1185
The faunal and floral gradients that underlie the CLIMAP (1981) sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) reflect ocean temperature gradients and frontal positions. The transfer functions used to reconstruct SSTs from biologic gradients are biased, however, because at the warmest sites they display inherently low sensitivity...
Potential soil cleanup objectives for nitrogen-containing fertilizers at agrichemical facilities
William R. Roy, I.G. Krapac
2006, Soil and Sediment Contamination (15) 241-251
Accidental and incidental chemical releases of nitrogen-containing fertilizers occur at retail agrichemical facilities. Because contaminated soil may threaten groundwater quality, the facility may require some type of site remediation. The purpose of this study was to apply the concepts of the Soil Screening Levels of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency...
Age constraints for Paleoproterozoic glaciation in the Lake Superior Region: Detrital zircon and hydrothermal xenotime ages for the Chocolay Group, Marquette Range Supergroup
D.A. Vallini, W.F. Cannon, K. J. Schulz
2006, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (43) 571-591
A geochronological study of the Chocolay Group at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Marquette Range Supergroup in Michigan, Lake Superior Region, is attempted for the first time, Age data from detrital zircon grains and hydrothermal xenotime from the basal glaciogenic formation, the Enchantment Lake Formation, and the stratigraphically higher Sturgeon...
Survival estimates of migrant juvenile salmonids through The Dalles Dam using radio telemetry, 2005
T. Counihan, A. Puls, C. Walker, G. Holmberg
2006, Report
No abstract available ...
Modeling decadal timescale interactions between surface water and ground water in the central Everglades, Florida, USA
J. W. Harvey, J.T. Newlin, S.L. Krupa
2006, Journal of Hydrology (320) 400-420
Surface-water and ground-water flow are coupled in the central Everglades, although the remoteness of this system has hindered many previous attempts to quantify interactions between surface water and ground water. We modeled flow through a 43,000 ha basin in the central Everglades called Water Conservation Area 2A. The purpose of...
The airborne lava-seawater interaction plume at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i
M. Edmonds, T.M. Gerlach
2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (244) 83-96
Lava flows into the sea at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, and generates an airborne gas and aerosol plume. Water (H2O), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) gases were quantified in the plume in 2004–2005, using Open Path Fourier Transform infra-red Spectroscopy. The molar abundances...
Facies architecture and paleohydrology of a synrift succession in the Early Cretaceous Choyr Basin, southeastern Mongolia
M. Ito, M. Matsukawa, T. Saito, D. J. Nichols
2006, Cretaceous Research (27) 226-240
The Choyr Basin is one of several Early Cretaceous rift basins in southwestern Mongolia that developed in specific regions between north-south trending fold-and-thrust belts. The eastern margin of the basin is defined by high-angle normal and/or strike-slip faults that trend north-to-south and northeast-to-southwest and by the overall geometry of the...
Regional intensity attenuation models for France and the estimation of magnitude and location of historical earthquakes
W. H. Bakun, O. Scotti
2006, Geophysical Journal International (164) 596-610
Intensity assignments for 33 calibration earthquakes were used to develop intensity attenuation models for the Alps, Armorican, Provence, Pyrenees and Rhine regions of France. Intensity decreases with ?? most rapidly in the French Alps, Provence and Pyrenees regions, and least rapidly in the Armorican and Rhine regions. The comparable Armorican...
Effect of diet processing method and ingredient substitution on feed characteristics and survival of larval walleye, Sander vitreus
F.T. Barrows, W.A. Lellis
2006, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (37) 154-160
Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle-assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than...
Quantitative methods to direct exploration based on hydrogeologic information
A.J. Graettinger, J. Lee, H. W. Reeves, D. Dethan
2006, Journal of Hydroinformatics (8) 77-90
Quantitatively Directed Exploration (QDE) approaches based on information such as model sensitivity, input data covariance and model output covariance are presented. Seven approaches for directing exploration are developed, applied, and evaluated on a synthetic hydrogeologic site. The QDE approaches evaluate input information uncertainty, subsurface model sensitivity and, most importantly, output...
Additive effects of vertebrate predators on insects in a Puerto Rican coffee plantation
R.R. Borkhataria, J.A. Collazo, Martha J. Groom
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 696-703
A variety of studies have established the value of shaded coffee plantations as habitat for birds. While the value of birds as biological controls in coffee has received some attention, the interactions between birds and other predators of insects have not been tested. We used exclosures to examine the effects...
Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002
R.W. Jibson, E. L. Harp, W. Schulz, D. K. Keefer
2006, Engineering Geology (83) 144-160
The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 20 ?? 106 m3. The pattern of...
Improving data analysis in herpetology: Using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses
M. J. Mazerolle
2006, Amphibia-Reptilia (27) 169-180
In ecology, researchers frequently use observational studies to explain a given pattern, such as the number of individuals in a habitat patch, with a large number of explanatory (i.e., independent) variables. To elucidate such relationships, ecologists have long relied on hypothesis testing to include or exclude variables in regression models,...
Deformation driven by subduction and microplate collision: Geodynamics of Cook Inlet basin, Alaska
R.L. Bruhn, Peter J. Haeussler
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 289-303
Late Neogene and younger deformation in Cook Inlet basin is caused by dextral transpression in the plate margin of south-central Alaska. Collision and subduction of the Yakutat microplate at the northeastern end of the Aleutian subduction zone is driving the accretionary complex of the Chugach and Kenai Mountains toward the...
