The effects of wetland habitat structure on Florida apple snail density
L.B. Karunaratne, P.C. Darby, R.E. Bennetts
2006, Wetlands (26) 1143-1150
Wetlands often support a variety of juxtaposed habitat patches (e.g., grass-, shrub- or tree-dominated) differentially suited to support the inhabiting fauna. The proportion of available habitat types has been affected by human activity and consequently has contributed to degrading habitat quality for some species. The Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa)...
Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network
H.M. Neville, J. B. Dunham, M.M. Peacock
2006, Landscape Ecology (21) 901-916
Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes...
Transition to independence by subadult beavers (Castor canadensis) in an unexploited, exponentially growing population
S. DeStefano, Kiana K. G. Koenen, C.M. Henner, J. Strules
2006, Journal of Zoology (269) 434-441
We conducted a 4-year study of beavers Castor canadensis to compare the movements, survival and habitat of adults established in existing colonies to juveniles dispersing to new sites in a region with high beaver densities along a suburban-rural gradient. Estimates of annual survival were high for adult and juvenile beavers....
The Short Wave Aerostat-Mounted Imager (SWAMI): A novel platform for acquiring remotely sensed data from a tethered balloon
L.A. Vierling, M. Fersdahl, X. Chen, Z. Li, P. Zimmerman
2006, Remote Sensing of Environment (103) 255-264
We describe a new remote sensing system called the Short Wave Aerostat-Mounted Imager (SWAMI). The SWAMI is designed to acquire co-located video imagery and hyperspectral data to study basic remote sensing questions and to link landscape level trace gas fluxes with spatially and temporally appropriate...
An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments
S. Chand, T.A. Minshull, J.A. Priest, A.I. Best, C.R.I. Clayton, W.F. Waite
2006, Geophysical Journal International (166) 543-552
The presence of gas hydrate in marine sediments alters their physical properties. In some circumstances, gas hydrate may cement sediment grains together and dramatically increase the seismic P- and S-wave velocities of the composite medium. Hydrate may also form a load-bearing structure within the sediment microstructure, but with different seismic...
Effects of altered temperature and precipitation on desert protozoa associated with biological soil crusts
B.J. Darby, D.C. Housman, A.M. Zaki, Y. Shamout, S.M. Adl, J. Belnap, D.A. Neher
2006, Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (53) 507-514
Biological soil crusts are diverse assemblages of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, and mosses that cover much of arid land soils. The objective of this study was to quantify protozoa associated with biological soil crusts and test the response of protozoa to increased temperature and precipitation as is predicted by...
Modeling the transport and inactivation of E. coli and enterococci in the near-shore region of Lake Michigan
L. Liu, M.S. Phanikumar, S.L. Molloy, R.L. Whitman, D.A. Shively, M.B. Nevers, D.J. Schwab, J.B. Rose
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 5022-5028
To investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at Great Lakes beaches and the health risks associated with swimming, the near-shore waters of Lake Michigan and two tributaries discharging into it were examined for bacterial indicators of human fecal pollution. The enterococcus human fecal pollution marker, which targets a...
Coral bleaching and disease combine to cause extensive mortality on reefs in US Virgin Islands
J. Miller, R. Waara, E. Muller, C. Rogers
2006, Coral Reefs (25) 418
[No abstract available]...
Mercury content and petrographic composition in Pennsylvanian coal beds of Indiana, USA
Maria Mastalerz, A. Drobniak, G. Filippelli
2006, International Journal of Coal Geology (68) 2-13
A suite of high volatile bituminous coals of Pennsylvanian age from Indiana has been studied for their mercury (Hg) concentration and relationship between mercury content and maceral and lithotype composition. The coals ranged in Hg content from 0.02 in the Danville Coal Member to 0.31 ppm in the Upper Block...
Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed
B.L. O’Connor, Miki Hondzo, D. Dobraca, T.M. LaPara, J.A. Finlay, P.L. Brezonik
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (111)
The spatial variability of subreach denitrification rates in streams was evaluated with respect to controlling environmental conditions, molecular examination of denitrifying bacteria, and dimensional analysis. Denitrification activities ranged from 0 and 800 ng-N gsed-1 d-1 with large variations observed within short distances (<50 m) along stream reaches. A log-normal probability...
Seismoelectric numerical modeling on a grid
S.S. Haines, S.R. Pride
2006, Geophysics (71)
Our finite-difference algorithm provides a new method for simulating how seismic waves in arbitrarily heterogeneous porous media generate electric fields through an electrokinetic mechanism called seismoelectric coupling. As the first step in our simulations, we calculate relative pore-fluid/grain-matrix displacement by using existing poroelastic theory. We then calculate the electric current...
Uranium-series constraints on subrepository water flow at yucca mountain, nevada
L.A. Neymark, S.J. Chipera, J.B. Paces, D. T. Vaniman
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
Mineral abundances and whole-rock chemical and uranium-series isotopic compositions were measured in unfractured and rubble core samples from borehole USW SD-9 in the same layers of variably zeolitized tuffs that underlie the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Uranium concentrations and isotopic compositions also were measured in pore...
Cross-calibration of MODIS with ETM+ and ALI sensors for long-term monitoring of land surface processes
D. Meyer, G. Chander
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Increasingly, data from multiple sensors are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Although higher-level products (e.g., vegetation cover, albedo, surface temperature) derived from different sensors can be validated independently, the degree to which these sensors and their products can be...
Evolution of the CD4 family: teleost fish possess two divergent forms of CD4 in addition to lymphocyte activation gene-3
K.J. Laing, J.J. Zou, M. K. Purcell, R. Phillips, C.J. Secombes, J.D. Hansen
2006, Journal of Immunology (177) 3939-3951
The T cell coreceptor CD4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Ig superfamily and is essential for cell-mediated immunity. Two different genes were identified in rainbow trout that resemble mammalian CD4. One (trout CD4) encodes four extracellular Ig domains reminiscent off mammalian CD4, whereas the other (CD4REL) codes for...
Shrinking ponds in subarctic Alaska based on 1950-2002 remotely sensed images
B. Riordan, D. Verbyla, A. D. McGuire
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (111)
Over the past 50 years, Alaska has experienced a warming climate with longer growing seasons, increased potential evapotranspiration, and permafrost warming. Research from the Seward Peninsula and Kenai Peninsula has demonstrated a substantial landscape-level trend in the reduction of surface water and number of closed-basin ponds. We investigated whether this...
Diatom diversity in chronically versus episodically acidified adirondack streams
S.I. Passy, I. Ciugulea, G.B. Lawrence
2006, International Review of Hydrobiology (91) 594-608
The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in...
Use of the moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements
T.C. Stone, H. H. Kieffer
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Production of reliable climate datasets from multiple observational measurements acquired by remote sensing satellite systems available now and in the future places stringent requirements on the stability of sensors and consistency among the instruments and platforms. Detecting trends in environmental parameters measured at solar reflectance wavelengths (0.3 to 2.5 microns)...
Gimme shelter: The importance of crevices to some fish species inhabiting a deeper-water rocky outcrop in Southern California
M.S. Love, D.M. Schroeder, B. Lenarz, G.R. Cochrane
2006, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports (47) 119-126
Federal law governing fisheries management recognizes the role habitat plays in structuring fish assemblages and achieving sustainable fisheries. However, in most instances it is not known which aspects of habitat are important to the lives of fish species. In 2004, we examined the importance of sheltering sites (crevices) to fishes...
Globally synchronous ice core volcanic tracers and abrupt cooling during the last glacial period
R.C. Bay, N.E. Bramall, P.B. Price, G.D. Clow, R.L. Hawley, R. Udisti, E. Castellano
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (111)
We perform a Monte Carlo pattern recognition analysis of the coincidence between three regional volcanic histories from ice coring of Greenland and Antarctica over the period 2 to 45 ka, using SO4 anomalies in Greenland and East Antarctica determined by continuous core chemistry, together with West Antarctic volcanic ash layers...
Size distribution of submarine landslides and its implication to tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico
Uri S. ten Brink, E.L. Geist, B.D. Andrews
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33) 1-4
We have established for the first time a size frequency distribution for carbonate submarine slope failures. Using detailed bathymetry along the northern edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico, we show that the cumulative distribution of slope failure volumes follows a power-law distribution. The power-law exponent of this...
Wollastonite
R.L. Virta, D. Revette
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 61-62
In 2005, NYCO Minerals and R.T. Vanderbilt mined wollastonite in the United States. Domestic production increased slightly from 2004. The plastic market accounted for 35%-40% of US sales followed by ceramics (25-30%), metallurgical applications (10%), paint (10%), friction products (10%) and miscellaneous (5%). Towards 2006, wollastonite producers are expected to...
Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks
R. Kocan, P. Hershberger
2006, Journal of Fish Diseases (29) 497-503
Two genetically distinct populations of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were simultaneously sampled at the confluence of the Yukon and Tanana rivers in 2003. Upper Yukon-Canadian fish had significantly higher infection prevalence as well as more severe infections (higher parasite density in heart tissue) than the lower Yukon-Tanana River fish....
Long-term changes of the Lake Michigan fish community following the reduction of exotic alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
D.B. Bunnell, C.P. Madenjian, R.M. Claramunt
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 2434-2446
We used our long-term annual bottom trawl survey (1973–2004) in Lake Michigan to reveal the response of the native fish community to the biological control of a dominant exotic fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), as well as to changes in total phosphorus and salmonine biomass. Through nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we documented...
The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models
M. C. Hill
2006, Conference Paper, Ground Water
The advantages of starting with simple models and building complexity slowly can be significant in the development of ground water models. In many circumstances, simpler models are characterized by fewer defined parameters and shorter execution times. In this work, the number of parameters is used as the primary measure of...
Absolute calibration accuracy of L4 TM and L5 TM sensor image pairs
G. Chander, E. Micijevic
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Landsat suite of satellites has collected the longest continuous archive of multispectral data of any land-observing space program. From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has benefited from a historical record of remotely sensed data. However, little attention has been paid...
