Rare earth element contents and multiple mantle sources of the transform-related Mount Edgecumbe basalts, southeastern Alaska
J.R. Riehle, J. R. Budahn, M. A. Lanphere, D. A. Brew
1994, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (31) 852-864
Pleistocene basalt of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field (MEF) is subdivided into a plagioclase type and an olivine type. Olivine basalt crops out farther inboard from the nearby Fairweather transform than plagioclase basalt. Th/La ratios of plagioclase basalt are similar to those of mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB), whereas those of olivine...
Classification properties of Holocene sediment in Shelikof Strait, Alaska
M. A. Hampton
1994, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (12) 237-257
A textural sorting pattern is evident, with pronounced and regular changes in sand content throughout the strait but with consistent separation of silt from clay only at the lowest sand contents. Vane shear strength values fall in the very soft to medium range. They are best predicted by the amount...
Disruption of Drift glacier and origin of floods during the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
D.C. Trabant, R. B. Waitt, J. J. Major
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (62) 369-385
Melting of snow and glacier ice during the 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano caused winter flooding of the Drift River. Drift glacier was beheaded when 113 to 121 × 106 m3 of perennial snow and ice were mechanically entrained in hot-rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows initiated by the four largest eruptions between...
Composition and sources of atmospheric dusts in snow at 3200 meters in the St. Elias Range, southeastern Alaska, USA
T. K. Hinkley
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3245-3254
Dusts in snow from the accumulation zone in the St. Elias Range appear from their chemical compositions to have come from terranes of rocks of ferromagnesian composition. These dusts, with respect to their composition and to the moderate degree of variation that occurs through a depositional year, are similar those...
Vapor saturation and accumulation in magmas of the 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Terrance M. Gerlach, Henry R. Westrich, Thomas J. Casadevall, David L. Finnegan
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (62) 317-337
The 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, provided an opportunity to compare petrologic estimates of SO2 and Cl emissions with estimates of SO2 emissions based on remote sensing data and estimates of Cl emissions based on plume sampling. In this study, we measure the sulfur and chlorine contents of melt...
Contrasts in Arctic shelf sea-ice regimes and some implications: Beaufort Sea versus Laptev Sea
E. Reimnitz, D. Dethleff, D. Nurnberg
1994, Marine Geology (119) 215-225
The winter ice-regime of the <80 km wide Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf is characterized by compression and shearing, resulting in the formation of major grounded pressure ridge systems stabilizing the fast ice on the mid-shelf, and essentially no open-water areas. In contrast,...
Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships
Keith A. Hobson, John F. Piatt, Jay Pitocchelli
1994, Journal of Animal Ecology (63) 786-798
1. The stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) were analysed in 22 species of marine birds from coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Analyses confirm that stable nitrogen isotopes can predict seabird trophic positions.2. Based on δ15N analyses, seabird trophic-level inferences generally agree with those of conventional...
Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.): Relations with limnological characteristics
P.J. Heglund, J.R. Jones, L.H. Fredrickson, M.S. Kaiser
1994, Book chapter, Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991
Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and horned grebes (Podiceps auritus L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland...
Population cage experiments with a vertebrate: The temporal demography and cytonuclear genetics of hybridization on Gambusia fishes
Kim T. Scribner, John C. Avise
1994, Evolution (48) 155-171
The dynamics of mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear genotypic frequencies were monitored for 2 yr in experimental populations established with equal numbers of two poeciliid fishes (Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki) that hybridize naturally in the southeastern United States. In replicated "small-pool" populations (experiment I), 1018 sampled individuals at six time...
Generalized geologic map of the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska, showing potassium-argon, major-oxide, trace-element, fossil, paleocurrent, and archaeological sample localities
Marti L. Miller, T. K. Bundtzen
1994, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2219-A
Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes
Kim T. Scribner
1994, Ecology (79) 1190-1191
There has been considerable debate in the ecological and evolutionary literature over the relative importance and rate by which microevolutionary processes operating at the population level result in separation and differentiation of lineages and populations, and ultimately in speciation. Our understanding of evolutionary processes have need greatly enhances through the...
Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining
Kenneth F. Karle, Roseann V. Densmore
1994, Ecological Engineering (3) 121-133
Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements...
Association of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus with epizootic hemorrhages of the skin in Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi from Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA
T.R. Meyers, S. Short, K. Lipson, W.N. Batts, J. R. Winton, J. Wilcock, E. Brown
1994, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (19) 27-37
Only one-third of the Pacific hernng Clupea harengus pallasi expected to spawn in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, USA, in sprlng 1993 were observed. Of these herring, 15 to 43 '% had external ulcers or subdermal hemorrhages of the skln and fins. A rhabdovirus identified as the North American strain...
The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska
Daniel Esler, J. Barry Grand
1994, The Condor (96) 422-432
We analyzed carcass composition of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Alaska to assess the importance of nutrient reserves for formation of first clutches (n = 85) and renests (n = 39). Habitat (tundra vs. boreal forest), hen age (yearling vs. adult), and year (1990 vs. 1991) did not affect...
Age, habitat and tide effects on feeding activity of Emperor Geese during Autumn migration
Joel A. Schmutz
1994, The Condor (96) 46-51
I studied feeding activity of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) on the Alaska Peninsula during autumn migration, 1991. Scan samples were used to estimate the proportion of birds feeding in flocks as a measure of feeding intensity. Most geese fed during low tides and roosted during high tides. However, flocks with...
Postbreeding dispersal and drift-net mortality of endangered Japanese Murrelets
John F. Piatt, Patrick J. Gould
1994, The Auk (111) 953-961
The incidental catch of seabirds in high-seas drift nets was recorded in 1990-1991 by scientific observers on commercial squid and large-mesh fishery vessels operating in the North Pacific Transitional Zone. Twenty-six Synthliboramphus murrelet deaths were recorded in the months of August through December. All but one were from the Korean...
Dynamics of ovarian follicles in breeding ducks
Daniel Esler
1994, The Wilson Bulletin (106) 679-688
I quantified ovarian rapid follicle growth (RFG) and regression of postovulatory follicles of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta), American Wigeon (A. americana), and Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) by a method that accounted for within-day variation in follicle size. Objective methods for identifying onset of RFG also are presented; this is crucial...
The status of sea ducks in the North Pacific Rim: Toward their conservation and management
R. Ian Goudie, Solange Brault, Bruce Conant, Alexander V. Kondratyev, Margaret R. Petersen, Kees Vermeer
Richard E. McCabe, Kelly G. Wadsworth, editor(s)
1994, Conference Paper, Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference
Sea ducks (tribe Mergini after Johnsgard 1960) are the most northerly distributed ducks, and species diversity is greatest in the North Pacific. They exploit a diversity of inshore and offshore marine habitats during the non-breeding season, and their use of habitat during breeding varies from coastal through freshwater wetlands of...
Genetic diversity in Arctic-nesting geese: Implications for management and conservation
Craig R. Ely, Kim T. Scribner
Richard E. McCabe, Kelly G. Wadsworth, editor(s)
1994, Conference Paper, Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference
The North Pacific Rim harbors breeding populations of many unique wildlife resources, of which waterfowl are among the most abundant and taxonomically diverse. Arctic nesting geese in particular are wide-spread in distribution (Figure 1), and though only seasons residents, they have evolved many unique adaptations for breeding in northern latitudes....
An overview of sea otter studies
Brenda E. Ballachey, James L. Bodkin, Anthony R. DeGange
Thomas R. Loughlin, editor(s)
1994, Book chapter, Marine mammals and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>
The Exxron Valdez oil spill (EVOS) on 24 March 1989 threatened extensive areas of prime sea otter (Enhydra lutris) habitat along the coasts of south-central Alaska. The spill occurred in northeastern Prince William Sound (PWS), and oil moved rapidly south and west through PWS into the Gulf of Alaska. Much...
Shorebirds in western North America: Late 1800s to late 1900s
Gary W. Page, Robert E. Gill Jr.
Joseph R. Jehl Jr., Ned K. Johnson, editor(s)
1994, Book chapter, A century of avifaunal change in western North America (Studies in Avian Biology no. 15)
Only anecdotal information is available to assess whether populations of the 47 shorebird species that breed or winter west of the Rocky Mountains changed in size or distribution during the past century. Unregulated hunting from 1870 to 1927 reduced populations of several species, at least temporarily, and was a factor...
Mineral-resource assessments in Alaska; background information to accompany maps and reports about the geology and undiscovered-mineral-resource potential of the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Naknek and Afognak quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula
J.R. Riehle, S. E. Church, R. L. Detterman, J. W. Miller
1994, Circular 1106
Geologic and geochemical field studies were carded out from 1983 to 1987 in the Mount Katmai l?x2 ? quadrangle and adjoining region, at the northeast end of the Alaska Peninsula. The region is nearly entirely within Katmai National Park and Preserve and has had almost no mineral production, so prior...
Alaska
Douglas V. Prose
1994, Open-File Report 94-179-D
Interpretation of exploration geochemical data for the Mount Katmai Quadrangle and adjacent parts of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska
S. E. Church, J.R. Riehle, R.J. Goldfarb
1994, Bulletin 2020
Remote sensing and airborne geophysics in the assessment of natural aggregate resources
D. H. Knepper Jr., W. H. Langer, S.H. Miller
1994, Open-File Report 94-158
Natural aggregate made from crushed stone and deposits of sand and gravel is a vital element of the construction industry in the United States. Although natural aggregate is a high volume/low value commodity that is relatively abundant, new sources of aggregate are becoming increasingly difficult to find and develop because of rigid industry...
