Temporal variations in slip rate of the White Mountain Fault Zone, Eastern California
E. Kirby, D.W. Burbank, M. Reheis, F. Phillips
2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (248) 153-170
The evolution of fault slip through time may yield insight into the geodynamics of deforming lithosphere. Precise determination of temporal variations in fault slip is often hindered, however, by a dearth of markers of varying age from which to reconstruct fault slip. Here we determine slip rates across the White...
Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France
D. Leach, J.-C. Macquar, V. Lagneau, J. Leventhal, P. Emsbo, W. Premo
2006, Geofluids (6) 24-44
The Trèves zinc–lead deposit is one of several Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits in the Cévennes region of southern France. Fluid inclusion studies show that the ore was deposited at temperatures between approximately 80 and 150°C from a brine that derived its salinity mainly from the evaporation of seawater past halite...
One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils
D.S. Ross, G. Fredriksen, A.E. Jamison, B.C. Wemple, S.W. Bailey, J. B. Shanley, G.B. Lawrence
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (230) 91-95
Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA...
Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah
J. C. Neff, Richard L. Reynolds, R.L. Sanford Jr., D. Fernandez, Paul J. Lamothe
2006, Ecosystems (9) 879-893
The cold deserts of the Colorado Plateau contain numerous geologically and geochemically distinct sedimentary bedrock types. In the area near Canyonlands National Park in Southeastern Utah, geochemical variation in geologic substrates is related to the depositional environment with higher concentrations of Fe, Al, P, K, and Mg in sediments deposited...
Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean
S. Basu, F.M. Stuart, V. Klemm, G. Korschinek, K. Knie, J.R. Hein
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 3996-4006
Helium isotopes have been measured in samples of two ferromanganese crusts (VA13/2 and CD29-2) from the central Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the deepest part of crust CD29-2 the data can be explained by a mixture of implanted solar- and galactic cosmic ray-produced (GCR) He, in extraterrestrial grains, and...
Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, P. Lacombe, C. D. Johnson, J.W. Lane Jr.
2006, Geophysics (71) A39-A42
The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data...
Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska
C. F. Waythomas, P. Watts, J. S. Walder
2006, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (6) 671-685
Many of the world's active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines. During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and...
Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park
B.D. Hall, M.L. Olson, A.P. Rutter, R.R. Frontiera, D. P. Krabbenhoft, D.S. Gross, M. Yuen, T.M. Rudolph, J.J. Schauer
2006, Science of the Total Environment (367) 354-366
Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg0 concentrations at various locations within...
Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii
P. Hershberger, A. Hart, J. Gregg, N. Elder, J. Winton
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (70) 201-208
Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially...
Recharge processes drive sulfate reduction in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate
M. A. Scholl, I.M. Cozzarelli, S. C. Christenson
2006, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (86) 239-261
Natural attenuation of contaminants in groundwater depends on an adequate supply of electron acceptors to stimulate biodegradation. In an alluvial aquifer contaminated with leachate from an unlined municipal landfill, the mechanism of recharge infiltration was investigated as a source of electron acceptors. Water samples were collected monthly at closely spaced intervals...
A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska
Jeff Eidenshink
2006, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (72) 1027-1035
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty,...
Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod
S.V. Panno, Keith C. Hackley, W.R. Kelly, H.-H. Hwang, F.M. Wilhelm, S.J. Taylor, B.J. Stiff
2006, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (68) 55-63
The caves of Illinois' sinkhole plain are the sole habitat of the Illinois Cave amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a federally endangered species. The sinkhole plain is a hydrologically-connected sequence of karstified limestone that constitutes an extensive karst aquifer which serves as an important source of potable water for area residents. During...
CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap
Hugh H. Kieffer, Phillip R. Christensen, Timothy N. Titus
2006, Nature (442) 793-796
The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer....
Seasonal and diel movements and habitat use of robust redhorses in the Lower Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina
T.B. Grabowski, J. Jeffery Isely
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1145-1155
The robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum is a large riverine catostomid whose distribution is restricted to three Atlantic Slope drainages. Once presumed extinct, this species was rediscovered in 1991. Despite being the focus of conservation and recovery efforts, the robust redhorse's movements and habitat use are virtually unknown. We surgically implanted...
Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California
W. R. Normark, D.J.W. Piper, R. Sliter
2006, Sedimentology (53) 867-897
Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is...
Investigation of mercury exchange between forest canopy vegetation and the atmosphere using a new dynamic chamber
J.A. Graydon, Louis, S.E. Lindberg, H. Hintelmann, D. P. Krabbenhoft
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 4680-4688
This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and...
Mercury content and petrographic composition in Pennsylvanian coal beds of Indiana, USA
Maria Mastalerz, A. Drobniak, G. Filippelli
2006, International Journal of Coal Geology (68) 2-13
A suite of high volatile bituminous coals of Pennsylvanian age from Indiana has been studied for their mercury (Hg) concentration and relationship between mercury content and maceral and lithotype composition. The coals ranged in Hg content from 0.02 in the Danville Coal Member to 0.31 ppm in the Upper Block...
Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2006, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (26) 74-81
Laboratory studies conducted with surface water sediment from a methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated site in South Carolina demonstrated that, under methanogenic conditions, [U-14C] MTBE was transformed to 14C tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with no measurable production of 14CO2. Production of TBA was not attributed to the activity of methanogenic microorganisms, however,...
Multiple injected and natural conservative tracers quantify mixing in a stream confluence affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado
L. E. Schemel, M.H. Cox, R.L. Runkel, B. A. Kimball
2006, Hydrological Processes (20) 2727-2743
The acidic discharge from Cement Creek, containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals and sulphate, mixed with the circumneutral-pH Animas River over a several hundred metre reach (mixing zone) near Silverton, CO, during this study. Differences in concentrations of Ca, Mg, Si, Sr, and SO42- between the creek and the river...
Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities
Y. Morales, L.J. Weber, A.E. Mynett, T.J. Newton
2006, Ecological Modelling (197) 448-460
A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process...
Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia
R. J. Bernot, W. K. Dodds, M.C. Quist, C.S. Guy
2006, Aquatic Ecology (40) 361-372
We investigated the life history alterations of coexisting Daphnia species responding to environmental temperature and predator cues. In a laboratory experiment, we measured Daphnia life history plasticity under different predation risk and temperature treatments that simulate changing environmental conditions. Daphnia pulicaria abundance and size at first reproduction (SFR) declined, while...
Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications
Anna M. Courtier, David J. Hart, Nikolas I. Christensen
Masanao Shinohara, Matthew H. Salisbury, Carl Richter, editor(s)
2006, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 195-11
Knowledge of seismic velocities is necessary to constrain the lithologies encountered in seismic studies. We measured the seismic velocities, both compressional and shear wave, of clasts recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195 from a serpentine mud volcano, the South Chamorro Seamount. The compressional wave velocities of these clasts vary...
Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
W. Kalkreuth, M. Holz, M. Kern, G. Machado, A. Mexias, M.B. Silva, J. Willett, R. Finkelman, H. Burger
2006, International Journal of Coal Geology (68) 79-116
The current paper presents results on petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization in Permian coal-bearing strata from the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that peat accumulation in Permian time was closely linked to transgressive/regressive cycles, with peat accumulation occurring in a predominantly back barrier/lagoonal setting. Coal...
Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii
Renee L. McCarter, R.V. Fodor, Frank A. Trusdell
2006, LITHOS (90) 187-213
Explosive eruptions at Mauna Loa summit ejected coarse-grained blocks (free of lava coatings) from Moku'aweoweo caldera. Most are gabbronorites and gabbros that have 0–26 vol.% olivine and 1–29 vol.% oikocrystic orthopyroxene. Some blocks are ferrogabbros and diorites with micrographic matrices, and diorite veins (≤2 cm) cross-cut some gabbronorites and gabbros. One block...
Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia
Frank A. Deviney, Karen C. Rice, George M. Hornberger
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Acid rain affects headwater streams by temporarily reducing the acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) of the water, a process termed episodic acidification. The increase in acidic components in stream water can have deleterious effects on the aquatic biota. Although acidic deposition is uniform across Shenandoah National Park (SNP) in north central Virginia,...
