Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies
J.J. Fontaine, T. E. Martin
2006, Ecology Letters (9) 428-434
Avian life history theory has long assumed that nest predation plays a minor role in shaping reproductive strategies. Yet, this assumption remains conspicuously untested by broad experiments that alter environmental risk of nest predation, despite the fact that nest predation is a major source of reproductive failure. Here, we examined...
The spatial and temporal trends of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in Seine River floodplain deposits (1994-2000)
C. Grosbois, Michel Meybeck, A. Horowitz, A. Ficht
2006, Science of the Total Environment (356) 22-37
Fresh floodplain deposits (FD), from 11 key stations, covering the Seine mainstem and its major tributaries (Yonne, Marne and Oise Rivers), were sampled from 1994 to 2000. Background levels for Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were established using prehistoric FD and actual bed sediments collected in small forested sub-basins...
Reversing storm hotspots on sandy beaches: Spatial and temporal characteristics
J. H. List, A.S. Farris, C. Sullivan
2006, Marine Geology (226) 261-279
Coastal erosion hotspots are defined as sections of coast that exhibit significantly higher rates of erosion than adjacent areas. This paper describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of a recently identified type of coastal erosion hotspot, which forms in response to storms on uninterrupted sandy coasts largely free from human...
Towards sustainable management of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests: Problems, constraints, and a new beginning
J. L. Chambers, W.H. Conner, R.F. Keim, S.P. Faulkner, J.W. Day, E.S. Gardiner, M.S. Hughes, S.L. King, K.W. McLeod, C.A. Miller, J.A. Nyman, G.P. Shaffer
2006, Conference Paper, Hydrology and management of forested wetlands - Proceeding of the international conference
Over 345,000 ha of forested swamps occur throughout the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Natural and anthropogenic changes in hydrology and geomorphology at local and landscape levels have reduced the productivity in many of these coastal wetland forests areas and have caused the complete loss of forest cover in some places....
Methodology and results of calculating central California surface temperature trends: Evidence of human-induced climate change?
J.R. Christy, W.B. Norris, K. Redmond, K. P. Gallo
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 548-563
A procedure is described to construct time series of regional surface temperatures and is then applied to interior central California stations to test the hypothesis that century-scale trend differences between irrigated and nonirrigated regions may be identified. The procedure requires documentation of every point in time at which a discontinuity...
Genetic and demographic criteria for defining population units for conservation: The value of clear messages
Daniel Esler, S. A. Iverson, D.J. Rizzolo
2006, Condor (108) 480-483
In a recent paper on Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) interannual site fidelity (Iverson et al. 2004), we concluded that wintering populations were demographically structured at a finer geographic scale than that at which genetic differentiation was observed and that conservation efforts should recognize this degree of demographic independence. In a...
Greater sage-grouse as an umbrella species for sagebrush-associated vertebrates
M.M. Rowland, M.J. Wisdom, L.H. Suring, C.W. Meinke
2006, Biological Conservation (129) 323-335
Widespread degradation of the sagebrush ecosystem in the western United States, including the invasion of cheatgrass, has prompted resource managers to consider a variety of approaches to restore and conserve habitats for sagebrush-associated species. One such approach involves the use of greater sage-grouse, a species of prominent conservation interest, as...
Identification and regulatory analysis of rainbow trout tapasin and tapasin-related genes
E.D. Landis, Y. Palti, J. Dekoning, R. Drew, R.B. Phillips, J.D. Hansen
2006, Immunogenetics (58) 56-69
Tapasin (TAPBP) is a key member of MHC class Ia antigen-loading complexes, bridging the class Ia molecule to the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). As part of an ongoing study of MHC genomics in rainbow trout, we have identified two rainbow trout TAPBP genes (Onmy-TAPBP.a and .b) and a...
Updated streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin
Connie A. Woodhouse, Stephen T. Gray, David M. Meko
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Updated proxy reconstructions of water year (October–September) streamflow for four key gauges in the Upper Colorado River Basin were generated using an expanded tree ring network and longer calibration records than in previous efforts. Reconstructed gauges include the Green River at Green River, Utah; Colorado near Cisco, Utah; San Juan...
Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest
G. Zhou, S. Liu, X. Tang, X. Ouyang, Dongxiao Zhang, J. Liu, J. Yan, C. Zhou, Y. Luo, L. Guan, Yajing Liu
2006, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences (49) 311-321
The balance, accumulation rate and temporal dynamics of belowground carbon in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest are obtained in this paper, based on long-term observations to the soil organic matter, input and standing biomass of litter and coarse woody debris, and dissolved organic carbon carried in the...
Comparison of synthesis of 15α-hydroxylated steroids in males of four North American lamprey species
Mara B. Bryan, Bradley A. Young, David A. Close, Jesse Semeyn, T. Craig Robinson, Jennifer M. Bayer, Weiming Li
2006, General and Comparative Endocrinology (146) 149-156
Recent studies have provided evidence that 15α-hydroxytestosterone (15α-T) and 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15α-P) are produced in vitro and in vivo in adult male sea lampreys (Petromyzonmarinus), and that circulatory levels increase in response to injections with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We examined four species from the Petromyzontidae family including silver lampreys...
Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock
V.M. Heilweil, D. K. Solomon, P.M. Gardner
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 98-102
Permeable bedrock aquifers in arid regions are being increasingly developed as water supplies, yet little is generally known about recharge processes and spatial and temporal variability. Environmental tracers from boreholes were used in this study to investigate net infiltration and recharge to the fractured Navajo Sandstone aquifer. Vadose zone tracer...
State summaries: Ohio
M.E. Wolfe
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 109-112
In 2005, the value of coal and industrial minerals sold in Ohio amounted to $1.5 billion, an increase of 7% from 2004. Coal production for the year increased 4.7% from 2004, totalling 22.3 Mt. Aggregate production totalled 114 Mt, a 4% decrease from 2004. In 2005, the state's salt sales...
Flow convergence caused by a salinity minimum in a tidal channel
John C. Warner, David H. Schoellhamer, Jon R. Burau, S. Geoffrey Schladow
2006, San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science (4) 91-102
Residence times of dissolved substances and sedimentation rates in tidal channels are affected by residual (tidally averaged) circulation patterns. One influence on these circulation patterns is the longitudinal density gradient. In most estuaries the longitudinal density gradient typically maintains a constant direction. However, a junction of tidal channels can create...
A framework for spatial risk assessments: Potential impacts of nonindigenous invasive species on native species
Craig R. Allen, A.R. Johnson, L. Parris
2006, Ecology and Society (11)
Many populations of wild animals and plants are declining and face increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and loss as well as exposure to stressors ranging from toxicants to diseases to invasive nonindigenous species. We describe and demonstrate a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment that allows for the incorporation of a...
Seismic attenuation structure of the Seattle Basin, Washington State from explosive-source refraction data
Q. Li, W.S.D. Wilcock, T. L. Pratt, C.M. Snelson, T.M. Brocher
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 553-571
We used waveform data from the 1999 SHIPS (Seismic Hazard Investigation of Puget Sound) seismic refraction experiment to constrain the attenuation structure of the Seattle basin, Washington State. We inverted the spectral amplitudes of compressional- and shear-wave arrivals for source spectra, site responses, and one- and two-dimensional Q-1 models at...
Frictional strength heterogeneity and surface heat flow: Implications for the strength of the creeping San Andreas fault
M. A. d'Alessio, C.F. Williams, R. Burgmann
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
Heat flow measurements along much of the San Andreas fault (SAF) constrain the apparent coefficient of friction (??app) of the fault to <0.2, much lower than laboratory-derived friction values for most geologic materials. However, heat flow data are sparse near the creeping section of the SAF, a frictional "asperity" where...
Population structure of the giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas
M.M. Paquin, G.D. Wylie, E.J. Routman
2006, Conservation Genetics (7) 25-36
The giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas, is a threatened species endemic to California's Central Valley. We tested the hypothesis that current watershed boundaries have caused genetic differentiation among populations of T. gigas. We sampled 14 populations throughout the current geographic range of T. gigas and amplified 859 bp from the...
Wildlife tuberculosis in South African conservation areas: Implications and challenges
A.L. Michel, Roy G. Bengis, D.F. Keet, M. Hofmeyr, L. M. De Klerk, P.C. Cross, Anna E. Jolles, D. Cooper, I.J. Whyte, P. Buss, J. Godfroid
2006, Veterinary Microbiology (112) 91-100
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, was first diagnosed in African buffalo in South Africa's Kruger National Park in 1990. Over the past 15 years the disease has spread northwards leaving only the most northern buffalo herds unaffected. Evidence suggests that 10 other small and large mammalian species, including large predators,...
Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Z. Wang, E.W. Woolery
2006, Seismological Research Letters (77) 148-153
The recordings at the deepest vertical strong-motion array (VSAS) from three small events, the 21 October 2004 Tiptonville, Tennessee, earthquake; the 10 February 2005 Arkansas earthquake; and the 2 June 2005 Ridgely, Tennessee, earthquake show some interesting wave-propagation phenomena through the soils: the S-wave is attenuated from 260 m to...
Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): An overview of science strategy and major results from the second and third workshops
Q. Duan, J. Schaake, V. Andreassian, S. Franks, G. Goteti, H.V. Gupta, Y.M. Gusev, F. Habets, A. Hall, L. Hay, T. Hogue, M. Huang, G. Leavesley, X. Liang, O.N. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, L. Oudin, S. Sorooshian, T. Wagener, E.F. Wood
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
The Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) is an international project aimed at developing enhanced techniques for the a priori estimation of parameters in hydrologic models and in land surface parameterization schemes of atmospheric models. The MOPEX science strategy involves three major steps: data preparation, a priori parameter estimation methodology development,...
An assessment of the impact of the 2003 EPRI ground-motion prediction models on the USGS national seismic-hazard maps
C. Cramer
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1159-1169
Ground-motion attenuation relations have an important impact on seismic hazard analyses. Ground-motion modeling is particularly sensitive to assumptions about wave-propagation attenuation (crustal Q and geometrical spreading), as well as source and site conditions. Studies of path attenuation from earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) provide insights into the appropriateness of...
Contamination of ground water by PCE - A national perspective
M.J. Moran, G.C. Delzer
2006, Conference Paper, Ground Water Management - Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conf
Perchloroethylene (PCE) has physical and chemical properties that make it likely to persist in groundwater if released to the environment. The US Geological Survey has collected or compiled data on the occurrence of PCE in groundwater from major aquifers around the US. These data represent the occurrence of PCE in...
Developing a bubble number-density paleoclimatic indicator for glacier ice
M. K. Spencer, R. B. Alley, J. J. Fitzpatrick
2006, Journal of Glaciology (52) 358-364
Past accumulation rate can be estimated from the measured number-density of bubbles in an ice core and the reconstructed paleotemperature, using a new technique. Density increase and grain growth in polar firn are both controlled by temperature and accumulation rate, and the integrated effects are recorded in the number-density of...
Nitrogen loads to estuaries from waste water plumes: Modeling and isotopic approaches
K.D. Kroeger, Marci L. Cole, J.K. York, I. Valiela
2006, Ground Water (44) 188-200
We developed, and applied in two sites, novel methods to measure ground water-borne nitrogen loads to receiving estuaries from plumes resulting from land disposal of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. In addition, we quantified nitrogen losses from WWTP effluent during transport through watersheds. WWTP load to receiving water was...
