The inverse problem of refraction travel times, part I: Types of Geophysical Nonuniqueness through Minimization
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, J. Xia, D. Steeples, C.B. Park
2005, Pure and Applied Geophysics (162) 447-459
In a set of two papers we study the inverse problem of refraction travel times. The purpose of this work is to use the study as a basis for development of more sophisticated methods for finding more reliable solutions to the inverse problem of refraction travel times, which is known...
Geographical variation of St. Lucia Parrot flight vocalizations
Patrick M. Kleeman, James D. Gilardi
2005, Condor (107) 62-68
Parrots are vocal learners and many species of parrots are capable of learning new calls, even as adults. This capability gives parrots the potential to develop communication systems that can vary dramatically over space. St. Lucia Parrot (Amazona versicolor) flight vocalizations were examined for geographic variation between four different sites...
Denitrification and N2O emission from forested and cultivated alluvial clay soil
S. Ullah, G.A. Breitenbeck, S.P. Faulkner
2005, Biogeochemistry (73) 499-513
Restored forested wetlands reduce N loads in surface discharge through plant uptake and denitrification. While removal of reactive N reduces impact on receiving waters, it is unclear whether enhanced denitrification also enhances emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O, thus compromising the water-quality benefits of restoration. This study compares denitrification rates...
Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California
H.E. Jamieson, C. Robinson, Charles N. Alpers, R. Blaine McCleskey, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Ronald C. Peterson
2005, Chemical Geology (215) 387-405
Copiapite-group minerals of the general formula AR4(SO4)6(OH)2·nH2O, where A is predominantly Mg, Fe2+, or 0.67Al3+, R is predominantly Fe3+, and n is typically 20, are among several secondary hydrous Fe sulfates occurring in the inactive mine workings of the massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, CA, a USEPA Superfund site...
Host population persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases: Hawaii amakihi and avian malaria
B.L. Woodworth, C. T. Atkinson, D.A. Lapointe, P.J. Hart, C.S. Spiegel, E.J. Tweed, C. Henneman, J. LeBrun, T. Denette, R. DeMots, K.L. Kozar, D. Triglia, Dan Lease, A. Gregor, T. Smith, D. Duffy
2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (102) 1531-1536
The past quarter century has seen an unprecedented increase in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases throughout the world, with serious implications for human and wildlife populations. We examined host persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases in Hawaii, where introduced avian malaria and introduced vectors have...
Twentieth century demographic changes in cirio and cardón in Baja California, Mexico
Stephen H. Bullock, Nora E. Martijena, Robert H. Webb, Raymond M. Turner
2005, Journal of Biogeography (32) 127-143
Aim Our purpose was to discern long-term large-scale patterns of survivorship and recruitment of two dominant, charismatic and useful desert plants, cirio [Fouquieriaceae; Fouquieria columnaris (Kell.) Kell. ex Curran] and cardón [Cactaceae; Pachycereus pringlei(S.Watson) Britton & Rose], and to evaluate the effects of physical and human factors. Location The study included 77 sites distributed...
Isolation and cross-familial amplification of 41 microsatellites for the brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)
G.M.L. Perry, T.L. King, J. St. -Cyr, M. Valcourt, L. Bernatchez
2005, Molecular Ecology Notes (5) 346-351
The brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis; Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) is a phenotypically diverse fish species inhabiting much of North America. But relatively few genetic diagnostic resources are available for this fish species. We isolated 41 microsatellites from S. fontinalis polymorphic in one or more species of salmonid fish. Thirty-seven were polymorphic in...
Changing land management practices and vegetation on the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso (1968-2002)
C. Reij, G. Tappan, A. Belemvire
2005, Journal of Arid Environments (63) 642-659
In the early 1980s, the situation on the northern part of the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso was characterized by expanding cultivation on lands marginal to agriculture, declining rainfall, low and declining cereal yields, disappearing and impoverishing vegetation, falling ground-water levels and strong outmigration. This crisis situation provoked two reactions....
Material flows generated by pyromet copper smelting
T.G. Goonan
2005, Mining Engineering (57) 21-26
Copper production through smelting generates large volumes of material flows. As copper contained in ore becomes copper contained in concentrate to be fed into the smelting process, it leaves behind an altered landscape, sometimes mine waste, and always mill tailings. Copper concentrate, fluxing materials, fuels, oxygen, recyclables, scrap and water...
An assessment of Idaho's wildlife management areas for the protection of wildlife
J.W. Karl, J. M. Scott, Espen Strand
2005, Natural Areas Journal (25) 36-45
Since 1940, Idaho Department of Fish and Game has developed a network of 31 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) across the state. This program has been focused mostly on conservation of game species and their habitats. We assessed the contribution of Idaho's WMAs to conservation of all Idaho's wildlife and other...
Local wind forcing of the Monterey Bay area inner shelf
P.T. Drake, M.A. McManus, C. D. Storlazzi
2005, Continental Shelf Research (25) 397-417
Wind forcing and the seasonal cycles of temperature and currents were investigated on the inner shelf of the Monterey Bay area of the California coast for 460 days, from June 2001 to September 2002. Temperature measurements spanned an approximate 100 km stretch of coastline from a bluff just north of...
Thermal state and complex geology of a heterogeneous salty crust of Jupiter's satellite, Europa
O. Prieto-Ballesteros, J.S. Kargel
2005, Icarus (173) 212-221
The complex geology of Europa is evidenced by many tectonic and cryomagmatic resurfacing structures, some of which are "painted" into a more visible expression by exogenic alteration processes acting on the principal endogenic cryopetrology. The surface materials emplaced and affected by this activity are mainly composed of water ice in...
The seismic project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program
D. H. Oppenheimer, A.N. Bittenbinder, B.M. Bogaert, R.P. Buland, L.D. Dietz, R.A. Hansen, S. D. Malone, C.S. McCreery, T.J. Sokolowski, P.M. Whitmore, C.S. Weaver
2005, Natural Hazards (35) 59-72
In 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the five western States of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington joined in a partnership called the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) to enhance the quality and quantity of seismic...
Red brome (Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis) in North America: Possible modes for early introductions, subsequent spread
L. F. Salo
2005, Biological Invasions (7) 165-180
Although invasions by exotic plants have increased dramatically as human travel and commerce have increased, few have been comprehensively described. Understanding the patterns of invasive species’ spread over space and time will help guide management activities and policy. Tracing the earliest appearances of an exotic plant reveals likely sites of...
Producing ammonium sulfate from flue gas desulfurization by-products
I.-M. Chou, J.A. Bruinius, V. Benig, Sheng-Fu J. Chou, R.H. Carty
2005, Energy Sources (27) 1061-1071
Emission control technologies using flue gas desulfurization (FGD) have been widely adopted by utilities burning high-sulfur fuels. However, these technologies require additional equipment, greater operating expenses, and increased costs for landfill disposal of the solid by-products produced. The financial burdens would be reduced if successful high-volume commercial applications of the...
Influence of barriers to movement on within-watershed genetic variation of coastal cutthroat trout
John E. B. Wofford, Robert E. Gresswell, Michael A. Banks
2005, Ecological Applications (15) 628-637
Because human land use activities often result in increased fragmentation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, a better understanding of the effects of fragmentation on the genetic heterogeneity of animal populations may be useful for effective management. We used eight microsatellites to examine the genetic structure of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus...
Can diet-dependent factors help explain fish-to-fish variation in thiamine-dependent early mortality syndrome?
S.B. Brown, M.T. Arts, L. R. Brown, M. Brown, K. Moore, M. Villella, J.D. Fitzsimons, D. C. Honeyfield, D. E. Tillitt, J.L. Zajicek, M. Wolgamood, J.G. Hnath
2005, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (17) 36-47
To provide insight into the reasons why offspring of certain salmonine females exhibit early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the Great Lakes whereas others do not, we measured the egg concentrations of potential biochemical markers (stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon, fatty acid signatures, and lipid-soluble carotenoids and vitamins) that are...
Kinematics, mechanics, and potential earthquake hazards for faults in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, USA
G.C. Ohlmacher, P. Berendsen
2005, Tectonophysics (396) 227-244
Many stable continental regions have subregions with poorly defined earthquake hazards. Analysis of minor structures (folds and faults) in these subregions can improve our understanding of the tectonics and earthquake hazards. Detailed structural mapping in Pottawatomie County has revealed a suite consisting of two uplifted blocks aligned along a northeast...
Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay, California, USA
C. A. Hui, D. Rudnick, E. Williams
2005, Environmental Pollution (133) 481-487
Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), endemic to Asia, were first reported in the San Francisco Bay in 1992. They are now established in nearly all San Francisco Bay tributaries. These crabs accumulate more metals, such as mercury, than crustaceans living in the water column. Because their predators include fish, birds,...
Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping
S.I.C. Montero, G.H. Brimhall, Charles N. Alpers, G.A. Swayze
2005, Chemical Geology (215) 453-472
Prior to remediation at the abandoned Cu-Zn Penn Mine in the Foothills massive sulfide belt of the Sierra Nevada, CA, acid mine drainage (AMD) was created, in part, by the subaerial oxidation of sulfides exposed on several waste piles. To support remediation efforts, a mineralogical study of the waste piles...
Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica
G.R. Holdgate, S. McLoughlin, A.N. Drinnan, R. B. Finkelman, J.C. Willett, L.A. Chiehowsky
2005, International Journal of Coal Geology (63) 156-177
Sampled outcrops of Permian coal seams of the Bainmedart Coal Measures in the Lambert Graben, eastern Antarctica, have been analysed for their proximates, ultimates, ash constituents and trace elements. A similar series of samples has been analysed for their principle maceral and microlithotype components and vitrinite reflectance. The coals are...
Taxonomic relationships among Phenacomys voles as inferred by cytochrome b
M.R. Bellinger, S. M. Haig, E.D. Forsman, T.D. Mullins
2005, Journal of Mammalogy (86) 201-210
Taxonomic relationships among red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus longicaudus, P. l. silvicola), the Sonoma tree vole (P. pomo), the white-footed vole (P. albipes), and the heather vole (P. intermedius) were examined using 664 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results indicate specific differences among red tree voles, Sonoma...
Physical properties of sediment containing methane gas hydrate
W.J. Winters, W.F. Waite, D.H. Mason, L.Y. Gilbert
2005, Conference Paper, American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Preprints
A study conducted by the US Geological Survey (USGS) on the formation, behavior, and properties of mixtures of gas hydrate and sediment is presented. The results show that the properties of host material influence the type and quantity of hydrates formed. The presence of hydrate during mechanical shear tests affects...
Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century
A.J. Cook, A.J. Fox, D.G. Vaughan, J.G. Ferrigno
2005, Science (308) 541-544
The continued retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula has been widely attributed to recent atmospheric warming, but there is little published work describing changes in glacier margin positions. We present trends in 244 marine glacier fronts on the peninsula and associated islands over the past 61 years. Of...
Waveform tomography of crustal structure in the south San Francisco Bay region
F. F. Pollitz, J.P. Fletcher
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-37
We utilize a scattering-based seismic tomography technique to constrain crustal tructure around the southern San Francisco Bay region (SFBR). This technique is based on coupled traveling wave scattering theory, which has usually been applied to the interpretation of surface waves in large regional-scale studies. Using fully three-dimensional kernels, this technique...
