Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA
S.K. Collinge, W.C. Johnson, C. Ray, R. Matchett, J. Grensten, J.F. Cully Jr., K.L. Gage, M.Y. Kosoy, J.E. Loye, A.P. Martin
2005, Landscape Ecology (20) 941-955
Landscape structure influences the abundance and distribution of many species, including pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Black-tailed prairie dogs in the western USA have declined precipitously over the past 100 years, most recently due to grassland conversion and their susceptibility to sylvatic plague. We assembled and analyzed two long-term data...
Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream
D.A. Alvarez, P. E. Stackelberg, J. D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, E. T. Furlong, S.D. Zaugg, M. T. Meyer
2005, Chemosphere (61) 610-622
Four water samples collected using standard depth and width water-column sampling methodology were compared to an innovative passive, in situ, sampler (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler or POCIS) for the detection of 96 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) in a stream that receives agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. Thirty-two OWCs...
An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka
R. M. Forester, T.K. Lowenstein, R. J. Spencer
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 1379-1386
Death Valley, a complex tectonic and hydrologic basin, was cored from its lowest surface elevation to a depth of 186 m. The sediments range from bedded primary halite to black muds. Continental ostracodes found in the black muds indicate that those sediments were deposited in a variety of hydrologic settings...
Overview of recent DNA vaccine development for fish
Gael Kurath
Midtlyng P.J.M., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Developments in Biologicals
Since the first description of DNA vaccines for fish in 1996, numerous studies of genetic immunisation against the rhabdovirus pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have established their potential as both highly efficacious biologicals and useful basic research tools. Single small doses of rhabdovirus...
Acute toxicity value extrapolation with fish and aquatic invertebrates
Denny R. Buckler, Foster L. Mayer, Mark R. Ellersieck, Amha Asfaw
2005, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (49) 546-558
Assessment of risk posed by an environmental contaminant to an aquatic community requires estimation of both its magnitude of occurrence (exposure) and its ability to cause harm (effects). Our ability to estimate effects is often hindered by limited toxicological information. As a result, resource...
Temporal patterns of Northern Goshawk nest area occupancy and habitat: A retrospective analysis
S.M. Desimone, S. DeStefano
2005, Journal of Raptor Research (39) 310-323
We studied occupancy and habitat associations of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) at nest areas in south-central Oregon in 1992-94. We surveyed 51 pre-1992 nest areas (i.e., historical breeding areas first discovered during 1973-91) for goshawks and used aerial-photograph interpretation to document forest cover conditions and changes over time between areas...
Catastrophic lava dome failure at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 12-13 July 2003
Richard A. Herd, Marie Edmonds, Venus A. Bass
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (148) 234-252
The lava dome collapse of 12–13 July 2003 was the largest of the Soufrière Hills Volcano eruption thus far (1995–2005) and the largest recorded in historical times from any volcano; 210 million m3 of dome material collapsed over 18 h and formed large pyroclastic flows, which reached the sea. The evolution...
Direct-push hydrostratigraphic profiling: Coupling electrical logging and slug tests
S.M. Sellwood, J.M. Healey, S. Birk, J.J. Butler Jr.
2005, Ground Water (43) 19-29
Spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) can significantly affect the transport of contaminants in ground water. Conventional field methods, however, rarely provide a description of these variations at the level of detail necessary for reliable transport predictions and effective remediation designs. A direct-push (DP) method, hydrostratigraphic profiling, has been developed...
Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems
C.A. Gibson, J.L. Meyer, N.L. Poff, L.E. Hay, A. Georgakakos
2005, River Research and Applications (21) 849-864
We examined impacts of future climate scenarios on flow regimes and how predicted changes might affect river ecosystems. We examined two case studies: Cle Elum River, Washington, and Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Basin, Georgia and Florida. These rivers had available downscaled global circulation model (GCM) data and allowed us to analyse the...
Estimation of nutrient sources and transport for New Zealand using the hybrid mechanistic-statistical model SPARROW
A.H. Elliot, R. B. Alexander, G. E. Schwarz, Ude Shankar, J.P.S. Sukias, Graham B. McBride
2005, Journal of Hydrology New Zealand (44) 1-27
The hybrid mechanistic-statistical catchment model SPARROW was applied to predict the mean annual load of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams throughout New Zealand (270,000 km2). The loads from land areas, point sources, and erosion are routed through the drainage network (576,300 reaches) with first-order stream decay and attenuation in lakes...
Egret-Hibernia(!), a significant petroleum system, northern Grand Banks area, offshore eastern Canada
L. B. Magoon, T. L. Hudson, K. E. Peters
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1203-1237
Egret-Hibernia(!) is a well-explored petroleum system (3.25 billion barrels oil equivalent [BOE]) located in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin on the Labrador - Newfoundland shelf. Rifting and sediment fill began in the Late Triassic. Egret source rock was deposited in the Late Jurassic at about 153 Ma. After this time, alternating...
Averaged indicators of secondary flow in repeated acoustic Doppler current profiler crossings of bends
R.L. Dinehart, J.R. Burau
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Cross‐stream velocity was measured in a large river bend at high spatial resolution over three separate survey episodes. A suite of methods for resolving cross‐stream velocity distributions was tested on data collected using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) in the sand‐bedded Sacramento River, California. The bend was surveyed with repeated...
Verification of sex from harvested sea otters using DNA testing
Kim T. Scribner, Ben A. Green, Carol Gorbics, James L. Bodkin
2005, Wildlife Society Bulletin (33) 1027-1032
We used molecular genetic methods to determine the sex of 138 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) harvested from 3 regions of Alaska from 1994 to 1997, to assess the accuracy of post‐harvest field‐sexing. We also tested each of a series of factors associated with errors in field‐sexing of...
Calcareous nannofossil evidence for the existence of the Gulf Stream during the late Maastrichtian
D.K. Watkins, Self-Trail J.M.
2005, Paleoceanography (20) 1-9
Upper Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil assemblages, from eight cores on the South Carolina Coastal Plain (onshore set) and three deep sea drilling sites from the continental slope and abyssal hills (offshore set), were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis to examine the ancient surface water thermal structure. In addition, a...
Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: The need for a new approach
J. Michael Scott, D. D. Goble, John A. Wiens, D. S. Wilcove, M. Bean, Timothy D. Male
2005, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (3) 383-389
The recovery (delisting) of a threatened or endangered species is often accompanied by the expectation that conservation management of the species will no longer be necessary. However, the magnitude and pace of human impacts on the environment make it unlikely that substantial progress will be made in delisting many species...
Effects of carbon dioxide exposure on intensively cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: Physiological responses and fillet attributes
M. L. Danley, P. B. Kenney, P. M. Mazik, R. Kiser, J. A. Hankins
2005, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (36) 249-261
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (261.6 × 24.7 g initial weight, mean × SEM) at 13.1 × 0.2 C were exposed for 94 d to one of three CO2 treatments: control (22.1 × 2.8 mg/L), medium (34.5 × 3.8 mg/L), or high (48.7 × 4.4 mg/L). Trout were checked daily for survival, and fish...
Integrating habitat status, human population pressure, and protection status into biodiversity conservation priority setting
Hua Shi, Ashbindu Singh, S. Kant, Zhiliang Zhu, E. Waller
2005, Conservation Biology (19) 1273-1285
Priority setting is an essential component of biodiversity conservation. Existing methods to identify priority areas for conservation have focused almost entirely on biological factors. We suggest a new relative ranking method for identifying priority conservation areas that integrates both biological and social aspects. It is based on the following criteria:...
X-ray scattering and spectroscopy studies on diesel soot from oxygenated fuel under various engine load conditions
Andreas Braun, N. Shah, Frank E. Huggins, K.E. Kelly, A. Sarofim, C. Jacobsen, S. Wirick, H. Francis, J. Ilavsky, G.E. Thomas, G.P. Huffman
2005, Carbon (43) 2588-2599
Diesel soot from reference diesel fuel and oxygenated fuel under idle and load engine conditions was investigated with X-ray scattering and X-ray carbon K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Up to five characteristic size ranges were found. Idle soot was generally found to have larger primary particles and aggregates but smaller crystallites, than...
Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina
P.J. Rudershausen, J.E. Tuomikoski, J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 1059-1074
We collected 1,399 striped bass Morone saxatilis from western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, during May through October of 2002 and 2003 to characterize diet, prey type selectivity, and prey size selectivity. Herrings Alosa spp., Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, silversides Menidia spp., and yellow perch Perca flavescens...
Guiding principles of USGS methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources
Ronald R. Charpentier, T. R. Klett
2005, Conference Paper, Natural Resources Research
During the last 30 years, the methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources used by the Geological Survey has undergone considerable change. This evolution has been based on five major principles. First, the U.S. Geological Survey has responsibility for a wide range of U.S. and world assessments...
Does choice of estimators influence conclusions from true metabolizable energy feeding trials?
M. H. Sherfy, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.
2005, Journal of Ornithology (146) 383-389
True metabolizable energy (TME) is a measure of avian dietary quality that accounts for metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy losses (EL) of non-dietary origin. The TME is calculated using a bird fed the test diet and an estimate of EL derived from another bird (Paired Bird Correction), the same...
Critical shear stress for erosion of cohesive soils subjected to temperatures typical of wildfires
J. A. Moody, Smith J. Dungan, B.W. Ragan
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (110)
[1] Increased erosion is a well-known response after wildfire. To predict and to model erosion on a landscape scale requires knowledge of the critical shear stress for the initiation of motion of soil particles. As this soil property is temperature-dependent, a quantitative relation between critical shear stress and the temperatures...
Temporal and spatial patterns for surf zone bacteria before and after disinfection of the orange county sanitation district effluent
G.L. Robertson, M.A. Noble, J. P. Xu, L.K. Rosenfeld, C.D. McGee
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005
Data from pre- and post-disinfection fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) samples from final effluent, an offshore ocean outfall, and surf zone stations off Huntington Beach, CA were compared. Analysis of the results from these data sets confirmed that the ocean outfall was not the FIB source responsible for the postings and...
Two-stage sequential sampling: A neighborhood-free adaptive sampling procedure
M. Salehi, D. R. Smith
2005, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (10) 84-103
Designing an efficient sampling scheme for a rare and clustered population is a challenging area of research. Adaptive cluster sampling, which has been shown to be viable for such a population, is based on sampling a neighborhood of units around a unit that meets a specified condition. However, the edge...
Effects of fire intensity on vital rates of an endemic herb of the Florida keys, USA
H. Liu, E.S. Menges, J.R. Snyder, S. Koptur, M.S. Ross
2005, Natural Areas Journal (25) 71-76
Fire intensity is one of the important components of a fire regime. However, relatively few studies have linked fire intensity with post-fire population vital rates. In this study, we explored the effects of fire intensity on population vital rates of Chamaecrista keyensis Pennell (Fabaceae) up to two years post-fire. C....
