Assessing background ground water chemistry beneath a new unsewered subdivision
J.D. Wilcox, K. R. Bradbury, C. L. Thomas, J.M. Bahr
2005, Ground Water (43) 787-795
Previous site-specific studies designed to assess the impacts of unsewered subdivisions on ground water quality have relied on upgradient monitoring wells or very limited background data to characterize conditions prior to development. In this study, an extensive monitoring program was designed to document ground water conditions prior to construction of...
A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes
B.A. Bekins, I.M. Cozzarelli, G.P. Curtis
2005, Ground Water (43) 817-826
Consumption of aquifer Fe(III) during biodegradation of ground water contaminants may result in expansion of a contaminant plume, changing the outlook for monitored natural attenuation. Data from two research sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons show that toluene and xylenes degrade under methanogenic conditions, but the benzene...
Radiated energy and the physics of earthquake faulting
Art McGarr, R.E. Abercrombie, H. Kanamori
2005, Conference Paper, Eos
[No abstract available]...
Delineating priority habitat areas for the conservation of Andean bears in northern Ecuador
M.F. Peralvo, F. Cuesta, F. Van Manen
2005, Ursus (16) 222-233
We sought to identify priority areas for the conservation of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) habitat in the northern portion of the eastern Andean cordillera in Ecuador. The study area included pa??ramo and montane forest habitats within the Antisana and Cayambe-Coca ecological reserves, and unprotected areas north of these reserves with...
Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary
C. Langevin, E. Swain, M. Wolfert
2005, Journal of Hydrology (314) 212-234
The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. A sequentially coupled time-lagged approach was implemented, based on a variable-density form of Darcy's Law, to...
Rhizosphere iron (III) deposition and reduction in a Juncus effusus L.-dominated wetland
J.V. Weiss, D. Emerson, J.P. Megonigal
2005, Soil Science Society of America Journal (69) 1861-1870
Iron (III) plaque forms on the roots of wetland plants from the reaction of Fe(II) with O2 released by roots. Recent laboratory studies have shown that Fe plaque is more rapidly reduced than non-rhizosphere Fe(III) oxides. The goals of the current study were to determine in situ rates of: (i)...
Survival and condition of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) after radiotagging
D.J. Neubaum, M.A. Neubaum, L.E. Ellison, T. J. O'Shea
2005, Journal of Mammalogy (86) 95-98
We tested the 5% rule for the ratio of radiotransmitter mass to body mass by applying radiotransmitters and passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) or PIT tags alone to adult, female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado. We used records from PIT readers at roosts...
An integrated environmental tracer approach to characterizing groundwater circulation in a mountain block
Andrew H. Manning, D. Kip Solomon
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
The subsurface transfer of water from a mountain block to an adjacent basin (mountain block recharge (MBR)) is a commonly invoked mechanism of recharge to intermountain basins. However, MBR estimates are highly uncertain. We present an approach to characterize bulk fluid circulation in a mountain block and thus MBR that...
The Ames MER microscopic imager toolkit
R. Sargent, Matthew Deans, C. Kunz, M. Sims, K. Herkenhoff
2005, Conference Paper, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
12The Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, have spent several successful months on Mars, returning gigabytes of images and spectral data to scientists on Earth. One of the instruments on the MER rovers, the Athena Microscopic Imager (MI), is a fixed focus, megapixel camera providing a ??3mm depth of field...
Reserve growth of the world's giant oil fields
T. R. Klett, J. W. Schmoker
2005, Conference Paper, AAPG Memoir
Analysis of estimated total recoverable oil volume (field size) of 186 well-known giant oil fields of the world (>0.5 billion bbl of oil, discovered prior to 1981), exclusive of the United States and Canada, demonstrates general increases in field sizes through time. Field sizes were analyzed as a group and...
An evaluation of sampling strategies to improve precision of estimates of gross change in land use and land cover
S.V. Stehman, Terry L. Sohl, Thomas R. Loveland
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 4941-4957
Statistical sampling offers a cost-effective, practical alternative to complete-coverage mapping for the objective of estimating gross change in land cover over large areas. Because land cover change is typically rare, the sampling strategy must take advantage of design and analysis tools that enhance precision. Using two populations of land cover...
Phylogeographic patterns of Hawaiian Megalagrion damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) correlate with Pleistocene island boundaries
Stephen A. Jordan, C. Simon, D. Foote, R.A. Englund
2005, Molecular Ecology (14) 3457-3470
The Pleistocene geological history of the Hawaiian Islands is becoming well understood. Numerous predictions about the influence of this history on the genetic diversity of Hawaiian organisms have been made, including the idea that changing sea levels would lead to the genetic differentiation of populations isolated on individual volcanoes during...
The evolution of Titan's mid-latitude clouds
C.A. Griffith, P. Penteado, K. Baines, P. Drossart, J. Barnes, G. Bellucci, J. Bibring, R. Brown, B. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. Clark, M. Combes, A. Coradini, D. Cruikshank, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. Matson, T. McCord, V. Mennella, R. Nelson, P. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin, L.A. Soderblom, R. Kursinski
2005, Science (310) 474-477
Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal that the horizontal structure, height, and optical depth of Titan's clouds are highly, dynamic. Vigorous cloud centers are seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the next hour. Their development indicates that...
Further evidence for the invasion and establishment of Pterois volitans (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States
H.S. Meister, D.M. Wyanski, J.K. Loefer, Steve W. Ross, A.M. Quattrini, K. J. Sulak
2005, Southeastern Naturalist (4) 193-206
We document the continued population expansion of red lionfish, Pterois volitans, the first documented successful introduction of an invasive marine fish species from the western Pacific to Atlantic coastal waters of the United States. Red lionfish are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific and have apparently established one or more breeding populations...
Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought
D.D. Breshears, N.S. Cobb, P.M. Rich, K. P. Price, Craig D. Allen, R.G. Balice, W.H. Romme, J.H. Kastens, M. Lisa Floyd, J. Belnap, J. J. Anderson, O.B. Myers, Clifton W. Meyer
2005, PNAS (102) 15144-15148
Future drought is projected to occur under warmer temperature conditions as climate change progresses, referred to here as global-change-type drought, yet quantitative assessments of the triggers and potential extent of drought-induced vegetation die-off remain pivotal uncertainties in assessing climate-change impacts. Of particular concern is regional-scale mortality of overstory trees, which...
Landscape development in an hyperarid sandstone environment along the margins of the Dead Sea fault: Implications from dated rock falls
A. Matmon, Y. Shaked, N. Porat, Y. Enzel, R. Finkel, N. Lifton, E. Boaretto, A. Agnon
2005, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (240) 803-817
In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal relations between boulders and their original in-situ locations on sandstone bedrock cliffs. This was accomplished by combining field observations with dating methods using cosmogenic isotopes (10Be and 14C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Our conclusions bear both on the landscape evolution and...
The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature
Anat Shahar, William A. Bassett, Ho-kwang Mao, I-Ming Chou, Wendy Mao
2005, American Mineralogist (90) 1835-1839
Raman analyses of single crystals of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, synthesized in a diamond-anvil cell at ambient temperature yield spectra from 0.14 to 4.08 GPa; the most intense peaks are at 228 and 1081 cm−1 corresponding to Eg(external) and A1g (internal) modes of vibrations in CO2− 3 ions, respectively. These are in good agreement with Raman spectra previously...
Consumption of pondweed rhizomes by Yellowstone grizzly bears
D.J. Mattson, S.R. Podruzny, M.A. Haroldson
2005, Ursus (16) 41-46
Pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.) are common foods of waterfowl throughout the Northern Hemisphere. However, consumption of pondweeds by bears has been noted only once, in Russia. We documented consumption of pondweed rhizomes by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Yellowstone region, 1977-96, during investigations of telemetry locations obtained from 175 radiomarked...
Development of a subunit vaccine for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a baculovirus insect/larvae system
R.B. Shivappa, P. E. McAllister, G.H. Edwards, N. Santi, O. Evensen, V.N. Vakharia
Midtlyng P.J.M., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Developments in Biologicals
Various attempts to develop a vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) have not yielded consistent results. Thus, at present, no commercial vaccine is available that can be used with confidence to immunize fry of salmon and trout. We generated a cDNA clone of the large genome segment A of...
Overview of recent DNA vaccine development for fish
Gael Kurath
Midtlyng P.J.M., editor(s)
2005, Conference Paper, Developments in Biologicals
Since the first description of DNA vaccines for fish in 1996, numerous studies of genetic immunisation against the rhabdovirus pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) have established their potential as both highly efficacious biologicals and useful basic research tools. Single small doses of rhabdovirus...
An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka
R. M. Forester, T.K. Lowenstein, R. J. Spencer
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 1379-1386
Death Valley, a complex tectonic and hydrologic basin, was cored from its lowest surface elevation to a depth of 186 m. The sediments range from bedded primary halite to black muds. Continental ostracodes found in the black muds indicate that those sediments were deposited in a variety of hydrologic settings...
Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream
D.A. Alvarez, P. E. Stackelberg, J. D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, E. T. Furlong, S.D. Zaugg, M. T. Meyer
2005, Chemosphere (61) 610-622
Four water samples collected using standard depth and width water-column sampling methodology were compared to an innovative passive, in situ, sampler (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler or POCIS) for the detection of 96 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) in a stream that receives agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. Thirty-two OWCs...
Landscape structure and plague occurrence in black-tailed prairie dogs on grasslands of the western USA
S.K. Collinge, W.C. Johnson, C. Ray, R. Matchett, J. Grensten, J.F. Cully Jr., K.L. Gage, M.Y. Kosoy, J.E. Loye, A.P. Martin
2005, Landscape Ecology (20) 941-955
Landscape structure influences the abundance and distribution of many species, including pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Black-tailed prairie dogs in the western USA have declined precipitously over the past 100 years, most recently due to grassland conversion and their susceptibility to sylvatic plague. We assembled and analyzed two long-term data...
Determinants of woody cover in African savannas
M. Sankaran, N.P. Hanan, Robert J. Scholes, J. Ratnam, D.J. Augustine, B.S. Cade, J. Gignoux, S.I. Higgins, Roux X. Le, F. Ludwig, J. Ardo, F. Banyikwa, A. Bronn, G. Bucini, K.K. Caylor, M.B. Coughenour, A. Diouf, W. Ekaya, C.J. Feral, E.C. February, P.G.H. Frost, P. Hiernaux, H. Hrabar, K.L. Metzger, H.H.T. Prins, S. Ringrose, W. Sea, J. Tews, J. Worden, N. Zambatis
2005, Nature (438) 846-849
Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody cover is a chief determinant of ecosystem properties 1-3. The availability of resources (water, nutrients) and disturbance regimes (fire, herbivory) are thought to be important...
Distribution and abundance of nonnative fishes in streams of the western United States
C.B. Schade, Scott A. Bonar
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1386-1394
This report presents data from one of the largest standardized stream surveys conducted in he western United States, which shows that one of every four individual fish in streams of 12 western states are nonnative. The states surveyed included Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota,...
