Industrial garnet
D.W. Olson
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 26-27
Supply and demand data for industrial garnet are provided. Topics discussed are production, consumption, prices, foreign trade, and the outlook for 2004....
Magnesium compounds
D.A. Kramer
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 33-34
Dead-burned and caustic-calcined magnesias were recovered from seawater by Premier Chemicals in Florida; from well brines in Michigan by Dow Chemical, Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, and Rohm & Haas; and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Chemicals. Reilly Industries and Great Salt Lake Minerals recovered magnesium chloride brines from the...
Mineral resource of the month: feldspar
Michael J. Potter
2004, Geotimes (2004)
The United States is the third leading producer of feldspar worldwide, after Italy and Turkey, according to data published by the U.S. Geological Survey. Foreign analysts indicate that China is also a leading feldspar producer, but official production data are not available. Feldspars are aluminum silicate minerals that contain varying...
Mineral of the month: indium
Micheal W. George
2004, Geotimes (2004)
Indium was discovered in Germany in 1863. Although it is a lustrous silver-white color, the finders named the new material for the “indigo” spectral lines the mineral created on the spectrograph. Indium ranks 61st in abundance in Earth’s crust and is about three times more abundant than silver or mercury....
Mineral resource of the month: clays
Robert Virta
2004, Geotimes (2004)
Clays represent one of the largest mineral commodities in the world in terms of mineral and rock production and use. Many people, however, do not recognize that clays are used in an amazingly wide variety of applications. Use continues to increase worldwide as populations and their associated needs increase. Robert...
Kaolin
R.L. Virta
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 28-29
Part of the 2003 industrial minerals review. Supply and demand data for kaolin are provided. Topics discussed are consumption and prices, industry news, foreign trade, and the outlook for 2004....
Mineral of the month: titanium
Joseph Gambogi
2004, Geotimes (2004)
From paint to airplanes, titanium is important in a number of applications. Commercial production comes from titanium-bearing ilmenite, rutile and leucoxene (altered ilmenite). These minerals are used to produce titanium dioxide pigment, as well as an assortment of metal and chemical products....
Mineral resource of the month: lead
Gerald R. Smith
2004, Geotimes (2004)
The United States is a major producer and consumer of refined lead, representing almost one quarter of total world production and consumption. Two mines in Alaska and six in Missouri accounted for 97 percent of domestic lead production in 2002. The United States also imports enough refined lead to satisfy...
Mineral resource of the month: rare earths
James B. Hedrick
2004, Geotimes (2004)
As if classified as a top-secret project, the rare earths have been shrouded in secrecy. The principal ore mineral of the group, bastnäsite, rarely appears in the leading mineralogy texts. The long names of the rare-earth elements and some unusual arrangements of letters, many Scandinavian in origin, may have intimidated...
Fluorspar
M. Miller
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 20-22
Supply and demand data for fluorspar are provided. Industry developments and the outlook for 2005 are discussed....
Common clay and shale
R.L. Virta
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 17-17
Part of the 2003 industrial minerals review. The legislation, production, and consumption of common clay and shale are discussed. The average prices of the material and outlook for the market are provided....
Fire clay
R.L. Virta
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 20-20
Seven companies mined fire clay in four states during 2003. From 1984 to 1992, production declined to 383 kt (422,000 st) from a high of 1.04 Mt (1.14 million st) as markets for clay-based refractories declined. Since 1992, production levels have been erratic, ranging from 383 kt (422,000 st) in...
Coal and cremation in ancient Peru
William E. Brooks
2004, Geotimes
After my visit to the adobe-walled archaeological site of Chan Chan, near Trujillo in northern Peru in the summer of 2000 (Geotimes, August 2003), my guide asked if I would like to see the metallurgical furnaces used by the Chimú, ancient residents and master metalsmiths of the region. Chan Chan...
Mineral of the month: gypsum
Alan Founie
2004, Geotimes (2004)
The earliest known use of gypsum as a building material was in Anatolia (in what is now Turkey) around 6000 B.C. It has been found on the interiors of the great pyramids in Egypt, which were erected in about 3700 B.C. Now an average new American home contains more than...
Nitrogen
D.A. Kramer
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 35-36
Ammonia is the principal source of fixed nitrogen. It was produced by 17 companies at 34 plants in the United States during 2003. Fifty-three percent of U.S. ammonia production capacity was centered in Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas because of their large reserves of natural gas, the dominant domestic feedstock....
Industrial diamond
D.W. Olson
2004, Mining Engineering (56) 25-26
Part of the 2003 industrial minerals review. Supply and demand data for industrial diamond are provided. Topics discussed are consumption, prices, imports and exports, government stockpiles, and the outlook for 2004....
Avian mortality events in the United States caused by anticholinesterase pesticides: A retrospective summary of National Wildlife Health Center records from 1980 to 2000
Margaret A. Fleischli, J. C. Franson, N. J. Thomas, D.L. Finley, Walter Riley Jr.
2004, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (46) 542-550
We reviewed the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) mortality database from 1980 to 2000 to identify cases of poisoning caused by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. From the 35,022 cases from which one or more avian carcasses were submitted to the NWHC for necropsy, we identified 335 mortality...
Scientific advances provide opportunities to improve pediatric environmental health
Michael M. Reddy, Micaela B. Reddy, Carol F. Reddy
2004, Journal of Pediatrics (145) 153-156
The health consequences of contaminants in the environment, with respect to the health of children and infants, recently have been dramatically brought to public attention by the motion pictures Erin Brockovich and A Civil Action. These productions focused public attention on the potential link between water contaminants and pediatric health,...
National Civil Applications Program: strategic plan vision for 2005
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2004, Report
The National Mapping Division (NMD) has developed this comprehensive strategic plan to chart the course of the National Civil Applications Program (NCAP) over the next 5 years. To meet the challenges of the future, the NCAP is changing its program emphases, methods of responding to customer needs, and business practices....
The Colorado Plateau: cultural, biological, and physical research
Kenneth L. Cole
Charles van Riper III, editor(s)
2004, Book
Stretching from the four corners of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, the Colorado Plateau is a natural laboratory for a wide range of studies. This volume presents 23 original articles drawn from more than 100 research projects presented at the Sixth Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado Plateau....
Quaternary sea level history of the United States
D.R. Muhs, J.F. Wehmiller, K. R. Simmons, L.L. York
A.R. Gillespie, S.C. Porter, B.F. Atwater, editor(s)
2004, Book chapter, The Quaternary Period in the United States
Eolian sediments
A.J. Busacca, J. E. Beget, H. W. Markewich, D.R. Muhs, N. Lancaster, M.R. Sweeney
A.R. Gillespie, S.C. Porter, B.F. Atwater, editor(s)
2004, Book chapter, The Quaternary Period in the United States
Overview: Cross-habitat flux of nutrients and detritus
M.J. Vanni, D.L. DeAngelis, D.E. Schindler, G.R. Huxel
G.A. Polis, M.E. Power, G.R. Huxel, editor(s)
2004, Book chapter, Food Webs at the Landscape Level
Ecologists have long known that all ecosystems receive considerable quantities of materials from outside their boundaries (e.g., Elton 1927), and quantifying the magnitude of such fluxes has long been a central tenet of ecosystem ecology (e.g., Odum 1971). Thus, one might think that the consequences of such fluxes for food...
International heat flow commission celebrates 40 years
Vladimir Cermak, W.H.K. Lee
2004, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (85) 13-19
The outflow of heat from the Earth's interior is, in terms of energy, the most impressive terrestrial phenomenon. Its present rate of about 1021 joules per year is order‐of‐magnitudes greater than the energy dissipation of earthquakes or heat loss from volcanic eruptions. The study of the Earth's internal heat plays...
The controversy about salmon hatcheries
Ernest L. Brannon, Donald F. Amend, Matthew A. Cronin, J.E. Lannan, Scott LaPatra, William J. McNeil, Richard E. Noble, Charlie E. Smith, Andre J. Talbot, Gary Wedemeyer, Harry Westers
2004, Fisheries Magazine (29) 12-31
The use of hatcheries has been a subject of lengthy debate in the management of salmon and trout resources in the Pacific Northwest. The problem has resulted in part from the wide distribution of hatchery fish in circumstances where natural populations were disadvantaged by management policy involving hatchery fish and...
