Dating of major normal fault systems using thermochronology: An example from the Raft River detachment, Basin and Range, western United States
M.L. Wells, L.W. Snee, A.E. Blythe
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 16303-16327
Application of thermochronological techniques to major normal fault systems can resolve the timing of initiation and duration of extension, rates of motion on detachment faults, timing of ductile mylonite formation and passage of rocks through the crystal-plastic to brittle transition, and multiple events of extensional unroofing. Here we determine the...
Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912
W. Hildreth, J. Fierstein
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 1594-1620
In June 1912, the world's largest twentieth century eruption broke out through flat-lying sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age near the base of Trident volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. The 60 h ash-flow and Plinian eruptive sequence excavated and subsequently backfilled with ejecta a flaring funnel-shaped vent since called Novarupta. The...
Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in western Washington, USA
S.M. Cooper, D. L. Peterson
2000, Environmental Pollution (107) 339-347
We quantified the distribution of tropospheric ozone in topographically complex western Washington state, USA (total area a??6000 km2), using passive ozone samplers along nine river drainages to measure ozone exposure from near sea level to high-elevation mountain sites. Weekly average ozone concentrations were higher with increasing distance from the urban...
Ecosystem responses to nitrogen deposition in the Colorado Front Range
Jill Baron, H.M. Rueth, A.M. Wolfe, K. R. Nydick, E.J. Allstott, J.T. Minear, B. Moraska
2000, Ecosystems (3) 352-368
We asked whether 3–5 kg N y−1 atmospheric N deposition was sufficient to have influenced natural, otherwise undisturbed, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Colorado Front Range by comparing ecosystem processes and properties east and west of the Continental Divide. The eastern side receives elevated N deposition from urban, agricultural,...
Crustal deformation associated with glacial fluctuations in the eastern Chugach Mountains, Alaska
Jeanne Sauber, George Plafker, Bruce F. Molnia, Mark A. Bryant
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 8055-8077
The changes of the solid Earth in south central Alaska in response to two major glacial fluctuations on different temporal and spatial scales have been estimated and we evaluated their influence on the stress state and ongoing tectonic deformation of the region. During the recent (1993–1995) Bering Glacier surge, a...
Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens
D.S. Nicholson, R.L. Lochmiller, M.D. Stewart, R.E. Masters, David M. Leslie Jr.
2000, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (36) 308-315
Capture-related mortality has been a notable risk in the handling of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). Our objective was to evaluate how environmental factors influence risk and identify physiological correlates that could be used to identify susceptible birds. During winter (January–March) 1995–97, 130 eastern wild turkey hens were captured...
Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region
M.W. Miller
2000, Journal of Wildlife Management (64) 561-575
Biologists have proposed several environmental factors that might influence production of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) nesting in the prairie-parkland region of the United States and Canada. These factors include precipitation, cold spring temperatures, wetland abundance, and upland breeding habitat. I used long-term historical data sets of climate, wetland numbers, agricultural land...
Potential seismic hazards and tectonics of the upper Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, based on analysis of Pliocene and younger deformation
Peter J. Haeussler, Ronald L. Bruhn, Thomas L. Pratt
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 1414-1429
The Cook Inlet basin is a northeast-trending forearc basin above the Aleutian subduction zone in southern Alaska. Folds in Cook Inlet are complex, discontinuous structures with variable shape and vergence that probably developed by right-transpressional deformation on oblique-slip faults extending downward into Mesozoic basement beneath the Tertiary basin. The most...
Coordinated strike-slip and normal faulting in the Southern Ozark dome of Northern Arkansas: Deformation in a late Paleozoic foreland
M.R. Hudson
2000, Geology (28) 511-514
Structures that formed on the southern flank of the Ozark dome, in the foreland of the late Paleozoic Ouachita orogeny, have received little modern study. New mapping of the western Buffalo River region of northern Arkansas identifies diversely oriented faults and monoclinal folds that displace the generally flat lying Mississippian...
Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin: Amissions, deposition and transport
G.B. Lawrence, D. A. Goolsby, W.A. Battaglin, G.J. Stensland
2000, Science of Total Environment (248) 87-100
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been cited as a major factor in the nitrogen saturation of forests in the north-eastern United States and as a contributor to the eutrophication of coastal waters, including the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Sources of nitrogen emissions and the...
Influence of net freshwater supply on salinity in Florida Bay
William K. Nuttle, James W. Fourqurean, Bernard J. Cosby, Joseph C. Zieman, Michael B. Robblee
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 1805-1822
An annual water budget for Florida Bay, the large, seasonally hypersaline estuary in the Everglades National Park, was constructed using physically based models and long‐term (31 years) data on salinity, hydrology, and climate. Effects of seasonal and interannual variations of the net freshwater supply (runoff plus rainfall...
Surface water quality of the major drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve
W.M. Rizzo, P. Rafferty, M.R. Segura
2000, Texas Journal of Science (52) 79-92
Surface water quality was monitored at 19 stations (2-4 week intervals) in six drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve of east Texas between 1996 and 1999. The parameters monitored were temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, current speed, light attenuation, chlorophyll a and concentrations of ammonium, ortho-phosphate, nitrate and nitrite....
Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record
Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, E.L. Mecray, E.L. Galvin
2000, Journal of Coastal Research (16) 591-612
Clostridium perfringens is a conservative tracer and an indicator of sewage-derived pollution in the marine environment. The distribution of Clostridium perfringens spores was measured in sediments from Long Island Sound, USA, as part of a regional study designed to: (1) map the distribution of contaminated sediments; (2) determine transport and...
Bottom currents and sediment transport in Long Island Sound: A modeling study
R. P. Signell, J. H. List, A.S. Farris
2000, Journal of Coastal Research (16) 551-566
A high resolution (300-400 m grid spacing), process oriented modeling study was undertaken to elucidate the physical processes affecting the characteristics and distribution of sea-floor sedimentary environments in Long Island Sound. Simulations using idealized forcing and high-resolution bathymetry were performed using a three-dimensional circulation model ECOM (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987)...
Preliminary report on the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector mine, California, earthquake
J. Behr, B. Bryant, D. Given, K. Gross, K. Hafner, J. Hardebeck, E. Hauksson, T. Heaton, S. Hough, K. Hudnut, K. Hutton, L. Jones, H. Kanamori, K. Kendrick, N. King, P. Maechling, A. Meltzner, D. Ponti, Thomas Rockwell, A. Shakal, M. Simons, K. Stark, D. Wald, L. Wald, L. Zhu
2000, Seismological Research Letters (71) 11-23
The Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake occurred at 9:46 GMT on 16 October 1999. The event caused minimal damage because it was located in a remote, sparsely populated part of the Mojave Desert, approximately 47 miles east-southeast of Barstow, with epicentral coordinates 34.59°N 116.27°W and a hypocentral...
Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability
M. D. Dettinger, Henry F. Diaz
2000, Journal of Hydrometeorology (1) 289-310
Monthly stream flow series from 1345 sites around the world are used to characterize geographic differences in the seasonality and year-to-year variability of stream flow. Stream flow seasonality varies regionally, depending on the timing of maximum precipitation, evapotranspiration, and contributions from snow and ice. Lags between peaks of precipitation and...
A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States
L.E. Hay, R.L. Wilby, G.H. Leavesley
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 387-397
Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods...
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries
Craig A. Harms, Christopher A. Ottinger, Vicki S. Blazer, Christine L. Densmore, Laurence H. Pieper, Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf
2000, Environmental Health Perspectives (108) 447-452
Fish morbidity and mortality events in Chesapeake Bay tributaries have aroused concern over the health of this important aquatic ecosystem. We applied a recently described method for quantifying mRNA of an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), by reverse transcription quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction to a field study of fish...
A new ichnospecies of Nereites from carboniferous tidal-flat facies of eastern Kansas, USA: Implications for the Nereites-Neonereites debate
M.G. Mangano, L.A. Buatois, C.G. Maples, R.R. West
2000, Journal of Paleontology (74) 149-157
Predominantly horizontal, gently curved to slightly sinuous traces constituting uniserial rows of imbricated, subspherical sediment pads occur in Pennsylvanian tidal-flat facies of eastern Kansas. These traces exhibit a complex, actively filled internal structure. The presence of a median tunnel enveloped by overlapping pads of reworked sediment indicates that these biogenic...
Late-glacial environmental changes south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine in the Eastern United States
E.W.B. Russell, S.D. Stanford
2000, Quaternary Research (53) 105-113
Palynological analyses of two sediment cores, one 2.4 m long from northern Delaware, dated about 16,300 to 14,700 14C yr B.P., and one 1.8 m long from New Jersey just south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine and dated about 13,600 to 12,500 14C yr B.P., give the first detailed evidence...
Figurines, flint clay sourcing, the Ozark Highlands, and Cahokian acquisition
T.E. Emerson, R.E. Hughes
2000, American Antiquity (65) 79-101
At the pinnacle of Eastern Woodlands’ prehistoric cultural development, Cahokia has been interpreted as a political and economic power participating in prestige-goods exchanges and trade networks stretching from the Great Plains to the South Atlantic. Among the more spectacular of the Cahokian elite artifacts were stone pipes and figurines made...
Geology in the 1996 USGS seismic-hazard maps, central and eastern United States
R. L. Wheeler, A. Frankel
2000, Seismological Research Letters (71) 273-282
The current (1996) national probabilistic seismic-hazard maps utilize information about geologic structure and tectonics of the central and eastern U.S. to compensate for uncertainty that arises from the short seismicity record. Geology was incorporated into the maps mainly as seven source zones that are delineated in three distinct ways. The...
Problems associated with estimating ground water discharge and recharge from stream-discharge records
K. J. Halford, G.C. Mayer
2000, Ground Water (38) 331-342
Ground water discharge and recharge frequently have been estimated with hydrograph-separation techniques, but the critical assumptions of the techniques have not been investigated. The critical assumptions are that the hydraulic characteristics of the contributing aquifer (recession index) can be estimated from stream-discharge records; that periods of exclusively ground water discharge...
Contaminant distribution and accumulation in the surface sediments of Long Island Sound
E.L. Mecray, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink
2000, Journal of Coastal Research (16) 575-590
The distribution of contaminants in surface sediments has been measured and mapped as part of a U.S. Geological Survey study of the sediment quality and dynamics of Long Island Sound. Surface samples from 219 stations were analyzed for trace (Ag, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn and...
On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes
S. E. Hough, J.G. Armbruster, L. Seeber, J.F. Hough
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 23839-23864
We reexamine original felt reports from the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes and determine revised isoseismal maps for the three principal mainshocks. In many cases we interpret lower values than those assigned by earlier studies. In some cases the revisions result from an interpretation of original felt reports with an appreciation...
