Export production in the subarctic North Pacific over the last 800 kyrs: No evidence for iron fertilization?
S.S. Kienast, I.L. Hendy, John Crusius, Thomas F. Pedersen, S.E. Calvert
2004, Journal of Oceanography (60) 189-203
The subarctic North Pacific is a high nitrate-low chlorophyll (HNLC) region, where phytoplankton growth rates, especially those of diatoms, are enhanced when micronutrient Fe is added. Accordingly, it has been suggested that glacial Fe-laden dust might have increased primary production in this region. This paper reviews published palaeoceanographic records of...
LIDAR optical rugosity of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida
J. C. Brock, C. W. Wright, T.D. Clayton, A. Nayegandhi
2004, Coral Reefs (23) 48-59
The NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a temporal waveform-resolving, airborne, green wavelength LIDAR (light detection and ranging), is designed to measure the submeter-scale topography of shallow reef substrates. Topographic variability is a prime component of habitat complexity, an ecological factor that both expresses and controls the abundance and...
Seismographs, sensors, and satellites: Better technology for safer communities
C.G. Groat
2004, Technology in Society (26) 169-179
In the past 25 years, our ability to measure, monitor, and model the processes that lead to natural disasters has increased dramatically. Equally important has been the improvement in our technological capability to communicate information about hazards to those whose lives may be affected. These innovations in tracking and communicating...
Winter habitat use by cutthroat trout in the Snake River near Jackson, Wyoming
D.D. Harper, A.M. Farag
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 15-25
Winter habitat use by Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri was monitored with radiotelemetry during November-March 1998-2001 in channelized and unaltered sections of the Snake River near Jackson, Wyoming. The use of run and off-channel pool habitat was significantly correlated to water temperature; run use was most frequent when mean...
Isolation of Snake River islands and mammalian predation of waterfowl nests
B.W. Zoellick, H.M. Ulmschneider, B.S. Cade, A.W. Stanley
2004, Journal of Wildlife Management (68) 650-662
In 1990–1992, we studied predation of waterfowl nests by mammalian predators on 30 islands in a 64-km reach of the Snake River in southwestern Idaho, USA, to identify river flows necessary to protect and enhance migratory bird use of Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge. We monitored 235–314 Canada goose (Branta...
Genetic methods improve accuracy of gender determination in beaver
C.L. Williams, S.W. Breck, B.W. Baker
2004, Journal of Mammalogy (85) 1145-1148
Gender identification of sexually monomorphic mammals can be difficult. We used analysis of zinc-finger protein (Zfx and Zfy) DNA regions to determine gender of 96 beavers (Castor canadensis) from 3 areas and used these results to verify gender determined in the field. Gender was correctly determined for 86 (89.6%) beavers....
Optimizing correlation techniques for improved earthquake location
David P. Schaff, G. H. R. Bokelmann, William L. Ellsworth, E. Zanzerkia, Felix Waldhauser, Gregory C. Beroza
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 705-721
Earthquake location using relative arrival time measurements can lead to dramatically reduced location errors and a view of fault-zone processes with unprecedented detail. There are two principal reasons why this approach reduces location errors. The first is that the use of differenced arrival times to solve for the vector separation...
Fire and landscapes: patterns and processes
J. W. van Wagtendonk
2004, General Technical Report PSW-GTR-193
No abstract available at this time...
Asymmetrical effects of introduced Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) on native Ranid Frogs in Oregon
C.A. Pearl, M.J. Adams, R.B. Bury, B. McCreary
2004, Copeia 11-20
Introduced American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) have become widely established in the Pacific Northwest over the last century and are thought to be an important predator of native amphibians throughout the western United States. The Northern Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora aurora) and Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) historically coexisted in portions...
Contaminants in molting long-tailed ducks and nesting common eiders in the Beaufort Sea
J. C. Franson, Tuula E. Hollmén, Paul L. Flint, J.B. Grand, Richard B. Lanctot
2004, Marine Pollution Bulletin (48) 504-513
In 2000, we collected blood from long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and blood and eggs from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at near-shore islands in the vicinity of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and at a reference area east of Prudhoe Bay. Blood was analyzed for trace elements and egg contents were analyzed for...
Estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests when nest age is unknown
T.R. Stanley
2004, The Auk (121) 134-147
Estimation of daily survival probabilities of nests is common in studies of avian populations. Since the introduction of Mayfield's (1961, 1975) estimator, numerous models have been developed to relax Mayfield's assumptions and account for biologically important sources of variation. <a...
From the field: Efficacy of detecting Chronic Wasting Disease via sampling hunter-killed white-tailed deer
Duane R. Diefenbach, C.S. Rosenberry, Robert C. Boyd
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 267-272
Surveillance programs for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in free-ranging cervids often use a standard of being able to detect 1% prevalence when determining minimum sample sizes. However, 1% prevalence may represent >10,000 infected animals in a population of 1 million, and most wildlife managers would prefer to detect the presence...
Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W)
D. S. Kaufman, T. A. Ager, N.J. Anderson, P. M. Anderson, John T. Andrews, P. J. Bartlein, L.B. Brubaker, Larry L. Coats, L.C. Cwynar, M.L. Duvall, A. S. Dyke, M. E. Edwards, Wendy R. Eisner, K. Gajewski, A. Geirsdottir, F.-S. Hu, A. E. Jennings, M.R. Kaplan, M.W. Kerwin, A.V. Lozhkin, G. M. MacDonald, G. H. Miller, Cary J. Mock, W.W. Oswald, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, David F. Porinchu, K. Ruhland, J. P. Smol, E.J. Steig, B.B. Wolfe
2004, Quaternary Science Reviews (23) 529-560
The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0-180??W; north of ???60??N). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the...
Assessing the resolution-dependent utility of tomograms for geostatistics
F. D. Day-Lewis, J.W. Lane Jr.
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
Geophysical tomograms are used increasingly as auxiliary data for geostatistical modeling of aquifer and reservoir properties. The correlation between tomographic estimates and hydrogeologic properties is commonly based on laboratory measurements, co-located measurements at boreholes, or petrophysical models. The inferred correlation is assumed uniform throughout the interwell region; however, tomographic resolution...
The coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge at seismogenic depths
Diane E. Moore, D.A. Lockner, H. Tanaka, K. Iwata
2004, International Geology Review (46) 385-398
We report new strength data for the serpentine mineral chrysotile at effective normal stresses, σn between 40 and 200 MPa in the temperature range 25°-280°C. Overall, the coefficient of friction, μ (= shear stress/effective normal stress) of water-saturated chrysotile gouge increases both with increasing temperature and σn, but the rates vary...
Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images
Jani Radebaugh, Alfred S. McEwen, Moses P. Milazzo, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Ashley G. Davies, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Douglas D. Dawson
2004, Icarus (169) 65-79
Pele has been the most intense high-temperature hotspot on Io to be continuously active during the Galileo monitoring from 1996–2001. A suite of characteristics suggests that Pele is an active lava lake inside a volcanic depression. In 2000–2001, Pele was observed by two spacecraft, Cassini and Galileo. The Cassini observations...
Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle
I.M. Artemieva, M. Billien, J.-J. Leveque, Walter D. Mooney
2004, Geophysical Journal International (157) 607-628
Seismic velocity and attenuation anomalies in the mantle are commonly interpreted in terms of temperature variations on the basis of laboratory studies of elastic and anelastic properties of rocks. In order to evaluate the relative contributions of thermal and non-thermal effects on anomalies of attenuation of seismic shear waves, Q−1s, and...
Age estimation for shovelnose sturgeon: A cautionary note based on annulus formation in pectoral fin rays
K.W. Whiteman, V.H. Travnichek, M. L. Wildhaber, A. DeLonay, D. Papoulias, D. Tillett
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 731-734
Numerous studies have examined the age and growth of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, but only one study attempted to validate age estimation techniques. Therefore, our objective was to use marginal increment analysis to validate annulus formation in pectoral fin rays of shovelnose sturgeon collected from the Missouri River. We also...
Fire effects on the Point Reyes Mountain Beaver at Point Reyes National Seashore, California
Gary M. Fellers, David Pratt, Jennifer L. Griffin
2004, Journal of Wildlife Management (68) 503-508
In October 1995, a wildlands fire burned 5,000 ha on the Point Reyes peninsula, California, USA. In most of the nonforested areas, the fire effectively cleared the ground of litter and vegetation and revealed thousands of Point Reyes mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa phaea) burrow openings. In the first 6 months...
Behavioral response of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to forest fire-retardant chemicals in the laboratory
Jason B. Wells, Edward E. Little, Robin D. Calfee
2004, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (23) 621-625
Fire-retardant chemicals often are applied in relatively pristine and environmentally sensitive areas that are potentially inhabited by endangered or threatened aquatic species. Avoidance of contaminants is an adaptive behavior that may reduce exposure to harmful conditions. We evaluated the avoidance responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to concentrations of fire-retardant...
Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?
Hamish I. McCallum, Armand M. Kuris, C. Drew Harvell, Kevin D. Lafferty, Garriet W. Smith, James Porter
2004, Trends in Ecology and Evolution (19) 585-591
Most of epidemiological theory has been developed for terrestrial systems, but the significance of disease in the ocean is now being recognized. However, the extent to which terrestrial epidemiology can be directly transferred to marine systems is uncertain. Many broad types of disease-causing organism occur both on land and in...
White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam, Annual progress report April 2002 - March 2003. Report C
D.M. Gadomski, M.J. Parsley, P. Kofoot
2004, Report, White sturgeon mitigation and restoration in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from Bonneville Dam
During 1 April 2002 through 31 March 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continued work on several tasks, including quantifying habitat suitable for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus spawning, a long-term survey of young-of-the-year (YOY) white sturgeon recruitment in the lower Columbia River, and a laboratory study investigating predation on larval...
Degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and accumulation of vinyl chloride in wetland sediment microcosms and in situ porewater: Biogeochemical controls and associations with microbial communities
M.M. Lorah, M.A. Voytek
2004, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (70) 117-145
The biodegradation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA) and the associated microbial communities in anaerobic wetland sediments were evaluated using concurrent geochemical and genetic analyses over time in laboratory microcosm experiments. Experimental results were compared to in situ porewater data in the wetland to better understand the factors controlling...
Infection experiments with Aphanomyces invadans in four species of estuarine fish
R.A. Johnson, J. Zabrecky, Y. Kiryu, J. D. Shields
2004, Journal of Fish Diseases (27) 287-295
Along the eastern seaboard of the US, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, develop characteristic ulcerative lesions, a condition termed ulcerative mycosis. These lesions are identical to those seen across Asia in fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome, a condition caused by the fungus-like oomycete Aphanomyces Invadans. Young-of-the-year menhaden inhabiting estuarine environments...
Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA
S. P. Schilling, P. E. Carrara, R. A. Thompson, E.Y. Iwatsubo
2004, Quaternary Research (61) 325-329
The cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, resulted in a large, north-facing amphitheater, with a steep headwall rising 700 m above the crater floor. In this deeply shaded niche a glacier, here named the Amphitheater glacier, has formed. Tongues of ice-containing crevasses extend from the main...
