Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice
J.-M. Roussel, R.A. Cunjak, R. Newbury, D. Caissie, A. Haro
2004, Freshwater Biology (49) 1026-1035
1. Movements and habitat use by Atlantic salmon parr in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, were studied using Passive Integrated Transponder technology. The fish were tagged in the summer of 1999, and a portable reading system was used to collect data on individual positions within a riffle-pool sequence in the early...
Surface rupture of the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and comparison with other strike-slip ruptures
Peter J. Haeussler, David P. Schwartz, T. E. Dawson, Heidi D. Stenner, J. J. Lienkaemper, F. Cinti, Paola Montone, B. Sherrod, P. Craw
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 565-578
On 3 November 2002, an M7.9 earthquake produced 340 km of surface rupture on the Denali and two related faults in Alaska. The rupture proceeded from west to east and began with a 40-km-long break on a previously unknown thrust fault. Estimates of surface slip on this thrust are 3-6...
Role of Microbes in the Smectite-to-Illite Reaction
J. Kim, H. Dong, J. Seabaugh, Steven W. Newell, D. D. Eberl
2004, Science (303) 830-832
Temperature, pressure, and time have been thought to control the smectiteto-illite (S-I) reaction, an important diagenetic process used for petroleum exploration. We demonstrated that microorganisms can promote the S-I reaction by dissolving smectite through reduction of structural FE(III) at room temperature and 1 atmosphere within 14 days. This reaction typically...
Using larval trematodes that parasitize snails to evaluate a saltmarsh restoration project
Todd C. Huspeni, Kevin D. Lafferty
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 795-804
We conducted a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study using larval digeneans infecting the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica, to evaluate the success of an ecological restoration project at Carpinteria Salt Marsh in California, USA. Digenean trematodes are parasites with complex life cycles requiring birds and other vertebrates as final hosts. We tested...
Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance
A.E. Blum, D. D. Eberl
2004, Clays and Clay Minerals (52) 589-602
A new method has been developed for quantifying smectite abundance by sorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on smectite particles dispersed in aqueous solution. The sorption density of PVP-55K on a wide range of smectites, illites and kaolinites is ~0.99 mg/m2, which corresponds to ~0.72 g of PVP-55K per gram of montmorillonite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone...
Comparison of AVIRIS and Landsat ETM+ detection capabilities for burn severity
Jan W. Van Wagtendonk, Ralph R. Root, Carl H. Key
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (92) 397-408
Our study compares data on burn severity collected from multi-temporal Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) with similar data from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Two AVIRIS and ETM+ data acquisitions recorded surface conditions immediately before the Hoover Fire began to...
The influence of Dworshak Dam on epilithic community metabolism in the Clearwater River, U.S.A.
M.D. Munn, M.A. Brusven
2004, Hydrobiologia (513) 121-127
Epilithic community metabolism was determined on a seasonal basis over two years in nonregulated and regulated reaches of the Clearwater River in northern Idaho, U.S.A. Metabolism was estimated using three, 12-liter recirculating chambers and the dissolved oxygen method, with parameters expressed as g O2 m−2 d−1. In the nonregulated reach above the...
Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS
Ming-shu Tsou, X.-Y. Zhan
2004, Journal of Environmental Sciences (16) 865-867
Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through...
Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration
R. J. Barker, K.P. Burnham, Gary C. White
2004, Statistica Sinica (14) 1037-1055
We describe a joint analysis of mark-recapture, tag-resight and tag-recovery data that directly models the encounter history of an animal. The probability of the encounter history for each animal is partitioned into survival, recapture, resighting, and recovery components, and a component for the probability that the animal is never encountered...
The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability
W.M. Alley, S. A. Leake
2004, Ground Water (42) 12-16
Safe-yield concepts historically focused attention on the economic and legal aspects of ground water development. Sustainability concerns have brought environmental aspects more to the forefront and have resulted in a more integrated outlook. Water resources sustainability is not a purely scientific concept, but rather a perspective that can frame scientific...
The role of fire and fire management in the invasion of nonnative plants
Kyle E. Merriam, Thomas W. McGinnis, Jon E. Keeley
2004, Park Science (22) 32-36, 52
Spacecraft imagery, especially from the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration's Improved TIROS (Television Infra-Red Observational Satellite) Operational Satellites, permits timely evaluations of snow and ice conditions encountered by arctic nesting geese. Imagery from the TIROS satellite for 5 wide]y scattered locations in arctic North America was obtained for three...
Fire regimes and vegetation responses in two Mediterranean-climate regions
Gloria Montenegro, Rosanna Ginocchio, Alejandro Segura, Jon E. Keeley, Miguel Gomez
2004, Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (77) 455-464
Brain cholinesterase activities were determined in birds from forests sprayed with Dylox2 at 1.13 kg/hectare (1 lb/acre ? active ingredient [a.i.]) or Sevin-4-oil2 at 1.13 kg/hectare (1 lb/acre ? a.i.) for up to 5 days postspray. Of ten bird species evaluated from the Dylox spray area, four species represented by...
Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work
R. Weldon, K. Scharer, T. Fumal, G. Biasi
2004, GSA Today (14) 4-10
The concept of the earthquake cycle is so well established that one often hears statements in the popular media like, "the Big One is overdue" and "the longer it waits, the bigger it will be." Surprisingly, data to critically test the variability in recurrence intervals, rupture displacements, and relationships between...
Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii
M.H. Reynolds
2004, Waterbirds (27) 183-192
The 24-hour habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis), an endemic dabbling duck in Hawaii, was studied using radio telemetry during 1998-2000. Radios were retained for a mean of 40 days (0-123 d; 73 adult birds radio-tagged). Comparisons of daily habitat use were made for birds...
Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA
R. W. Black, M.D. Munn, R.W. Plotnikoff
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 340-362
Macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were evaluated at 45 stream sites throughout the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, USA. Environmental variables were measured at 3 spatial scales: reach, local, and whole watershed. Macroinvertebrate distributions were related to environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables and spatial scales best...
Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX
B. Thomas Johnson, J. D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, Kenneth Lee, J. Gauthier
2004, Environmental Toxicology (19) 329-335
Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD-TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill...
Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site
K. McCarthy, L. Walker, L. Vigoren, J. Bartel
2004, Cold Regions Science and Technology (39) 31-39
A simple, economical landfarming operation was implemented to treat 3600 m3 of soil at a site just northeast of Barrow, AK (latitude 71.3 ??N). Prior to landfarming, diesel-range organics (DRO) and trimethylbenzenes (TMB) were present in the soil at concentrations more than an order of magnitude greater than the established...
Postseismic deformation and stress changes following the 1819 Rann of Kachchh, India earthquake: Was the 2001 Bhuj earthquake a triggered event?
A. To, R. Burgmann, F. Pollitz
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
The 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj earthquake occurred in an intraplate region with rather unusual active seismicity, including an earlier major earthquake, the 1819 Rann of Kachchh earthquake (M7.7). We examine if static coseismic and transient postseismic deformation following the 1819 earthquake contributed to the enhanced seismicity in the region and...
Some statistical relationships between stream sediment and soil geochemistry in northwestern Wisconsin - can stream sediment compositions be used to predict compositions of soils in glaciated terranes?
W.F. Cannon, L. G. Woodruff, S. Pimley
2004, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (81) 29-46
Mean stream sediment chemical compositions from northwestern Wisconsin in the north central United States, based on more than 800 samples, differ significantly from mean A-horizon and C-horizon soil compositions, based on about 380 samples of each horizon. Differences by a factor greater than 1.5 exist for some elements (Ca, Mn,...
Oxidative stress in juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)
T.L. Welker, J.L. Congleton
2004, Aquaculture Research (35) 881-887
Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were held in 8-11??C freshwater, starved for 3 days and subjected to a low-water stressor to determine the relationship between the general stress response and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels (lipid hydroperoxides) were measured in kidney, liver and brain samples taken at the...
Rapid late pleistocene incision of Atlantic passive-margin river gorges
L.J. Reusser, P.R. Bierman, M.J. Pavich, E-An Zen, J. Larsen, R. Finkel
2004, Science (305) 499-502
The direct and secondary effects of rapidly changing climate caused large rivers draining the Atlantic passive margin to incise quickly into bedrock beginning about 35,000 years ago. Measured in samples from bedrock fluvial terraces, 10-beryllium shows that both the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers incised 10- to 20-meter-deep gorges along steep,...
Is predation on waterfowl nests density dependent? Tests at three spatial scales
Joshua T. Ackerman, Alexis L. Blackmer, John M. Eadie
2004, Oikos (107) 128-140
We tested whether predation on duck nests (Anas spp.) was density dependent at three spatial scales using artificial and natural nests in the Suisun Marsh, California, USA. At the largest spatial scale, we used 5 years (1998–2002) of data to examine the natural variation in duck nest success and nest...
Differential spring migration by male and female Western Sandpipers at interior and coastal stopover sites
Mary Anne Bishop, Nils Warnock, John Y. Takekawa
2004, Ardea (92) 185-196
Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri are differential migrants on their non-breeding areas, with females wintering farther south. Earlier passage of males in the spring has been explained by sexual differences in winter latitude (male-biased sex ratios at more northerly areas) and onset of migration (males departing earlier). We investigated sex differences...
Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters
L.R. Gerber, M. T. Tinker, D.F. Doak, J. A. Estes, David A. Jessup
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 1554-1565
Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and we applied results to...
Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed
N. Knowles, D.R. Cayan
2004, Climatic Change (62) 319-336
California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco Estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Previous work has shown that a projected warming would result in a reduction of snowpack storage leading to higher winter and lower spring-summer streamflows and...
