Agricultural ponds support amphibian populations
M. G. Knutson, W. B. Richardson, D.M. Reineke, B. R. Gray, J.R. Parmelee, S.E. Weick
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 669-684
In some agricultural regions, natural wetlands are scarce, and constructed agricultural ponds may represent important alternative breeding habitats for amphibians. Properly managed, these agricultural ponds may effectively increase the total amount of breeding habitat and help to sustain populations. We studied small, constructed agricultural ponds in southeastern Minnesota to assess...
Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance
A.E. Blum, D. D. Eberl
2004, Clays and Clay Minerals (52) 589-602
A new method has been developed for quantifying smectite abundance by sorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on smectite particles dispersed in aqueous solution. The sorption density of PVP-55K on a wide range of smectites, illites and kaolinites is ~0.99 mg/m2, which corresponds to ~0.72 g of PVP-55K per gram of montmorillonite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone...
Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS
Ming-shu Tsou, X.-Y. Zhan
2004, Journal of Environmental Sciences (16) 865-867
Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through...
Vulnerability of drinking-water wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions
M. A. Borchardt, N.L. Haas, R. J. Hunt
2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (70) 5937-5946
Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating...
Encounter history modeling of joint mark-recapture, tag-resighting and tag-recovery data under temporary emigration
R. J. Barker, K.P. Burnham, Gary C. White
2004, Statistica Sinica (14) 1037-1055
We describe a joint analysis of mark-recapture, tag-resight and tag-recovery data that directly models the encounter history of an animal. The probability of the encounter history for each animal is partitioned into survival, recapture, resighting, and recovery components, and a component for the probability that the animal is never encountered...
Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: What a long recurrence record tells us about how faults work
R. Weldon, K. Scharer, T. Fumal, G. Biasi
2004, GSA Today (14) 4-10
The concept of the earthquake cycle is so well established that one often hears statements in the popular media like, "the Big One is overdue" and "the longer it waits, the bigger it will be." Surprisingly, data to critically test the variability in recurrence intervals, rupture displacements, and relationships between...
Habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal on Laysan Island, Hawaii
M.H. Reynolds
2004, Waterbirds (27) 183-192
The 24-hour habitat use and home range of the Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis), an endemic dabbling duck in Hawaii, was studied using radio telemetry during 1998-2000. Radios were retained for a mean of 40 days (0-123 d; 73 adult birds radio-tagged). Comparisons of daily habitat use were made for birds...
Using macroinvertebrates to identify biota-land cover optima at multiple scales in the Pacific Northwest, USA
R. W. Black, M.D. Munn, R.W. Plotnikoff
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 340-362
Macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were evaluated at 45 stream sites throughout the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, USA. Environmental variables were measured at 3 spatial scales: reach, local, and whole watershed. Macroinvertebrate distributions were related to environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables and spatial scales best...
Hazard assessment of a simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX
B. Thomas Johnson, J. D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, Kenneth Lee, J. Gauthier
2004, Environmental Toxicology (19) 329-335
Phytoremediation in a simulated crude oil spill was studied with a “minimalistic” approach. The SPMD-TOX paradigm—a miniature passive sorptive device to collect and concentrate chemicals and microscale tests to detect toxicity—was used to monitor over time the bioavailability and potential toxicity of an oil spill. A simulated crude oil spill...
Two-threshold model for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches
J. Faillettaz, F. Louchet, J.-R. Grasso
2004, Physical Review Letters (93)
A two-threshold model was proposed for scaling laws of noninteracting snow avalanches. It was found that the sizes of the largest avalanches just preceding the lattice system were power-law distributed. The proposed model reproduced the range of power-law exponents observe for land, rock or snow avalanches, by tuning the maximum...
Overwintered Bullfrog tadpoles negatively affect Salamanders and Anurans in native amphibian communities
M.D. Boone, E. E. Little, R. D. Semlitsch
2004, Copeia 683-690
We examined the interactive effects of overwintered Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and pond hydroperiod on a community of larval amphibians in outdoor mesocosms including American Toads (Bufo americanus), Southern Leopard Frogs (Rana sphenocephala), and Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) - species within the native range of Bullfrogs. Spotted Salamanders and Southern...
Estimating functional connectivity of wildlife habitat and its relevance to ecological risk assessment
A.R. Johnson, Craig R. Allen, K.A.N. Simpson
Lawrence Kapustka, Gregory R. Biddinger, Matthew Luxon, Hector Galbraith, editor(s)
2004, ASTM Selected Technical Papers STP1458
Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to the viability of wildlife populations and the maintenance of biodiversity. Fragmentation relates to the sub-division of habitat into disjunct patches. Usually coincident with fragmentation per se is loss of habitat, a reduction in the size of the remnant patches, and increasing distance between patches. Natural...
Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States
H.L. Schramm Jr., P.D. Gerard
2004, Fisheries Management and Ecology (11) 313-321
Responses from freshwater anglers (n = 4287) to a nationwide survey of the US fishing club members were used to assess differences in the importance of 16 fishing motivation items between 1987 and 1997, dates that preceded and followed a period of substantial decline in recreational fishing participation in the...
Frequency spectral analysis of GPR data over a crude oil spill
B.L. Burton, G.R. Olhoeft, M.H. Powers
Slob E.Yarovoy A.Rhebergen J.B., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004
A multi-offset ground penetrating radar (GPR) dataset was acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. The dataset consists of two, parallel profiles, each with 17 transmitter-receiver offsets ranging from 0.60 to 5.15m. One profile was acquired over a known oil...
Acoustic measurements of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska 1. Origin of Strombolian activity
S. Vergniolle, M. Boichu, J. Caplan-Auerbach
2004, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (137) 109-134
The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) displayed both classical Strombolian activity and an explosive Subplinian plume. Strombolian activity at Shishaldin occurred in two major phases following the Subplinian activity. In this paper, we use acoustic measurements to interpret the Strombolian activity. Acoustic measurements of the two Strombolian...
Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams
V. Gulis, A.D. Rosemond, K. Suberkropp, H.S. Weyers, J.P. Benstead
2004, Freshwater Biology (49) 1437-1447
1. We determined the effects of nutrient enrichment on wood decomposition rates and microbial activity during a 3-year study in two headwater streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, NC, U.S.A. After a 1-year pretreatment period, one of the streams was continuously enriched with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) for 2 years...
Methane fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model
Q. Zhuang, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, R.G. Prinn, A. D. McGuire, P.A. Steudler, B.S. Felzer, S. Hu
2004, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (18)
We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net...
National Wildlife Refuge System: Ecological context and integrity
J. M. Scott, T. Loveland, K. Gergely, J. Strittholt, N. Staus
2004, Natural Resources Journal (44) 1041-1066
The Refuge Improvement Act of 1997 established a statutory mission and management standards for the National Wildlife Refuge system. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service subsequently issued a policy for ensuring the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system. This policy requires understanding the management objectives of each...
Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
M.N. Gooseff, Diane M. McKnight, R.L. Runkel, J.H. Duff
2004, Limnology and Oceanography (49) 1884-1895
In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated...
Morphology and sedimentation on open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta, China
D. Fan, C. Li, D. Wang, P. Wang, A.W. Archer, S.F. Greb
2004, Conference Paper, Journal of Coastal Research
On many intertidal flats, lateral aggradation and reworking by large tidal channels is the dominant sedimentary process. On the open-coast intertidal flats of the Changjiang Delta large laterally migrating tidal channels are absent. Instead, numerous shallow tidal creeks cut across the intertidal flats. On these flats, vertical rather than lateral...
Timing of Precambrian melt depletion and Phanerozoic refertilization events in the lithospheric mantle of the Wyoming Craton and adjacent Central Plains Orogen
R. W. Carlson, A.J. Irving, D.J. Schulze, B. C. Hearn Jr.
2004, LITHOS (77) 453-472
Garnet peridotite xenoliths from the Sloan kimberlite (Colorado) are variably depleted in their major magmaphile (Ca, Al) element compositions with whole rock Re-depletion model ages generally consistent with this depletion occurring in the mid-Proterozoic. Unlike many lithospheric peridotites, the Sloan samples are also depleted in incompatible trace elements, as shown...
Roosevelt elk density and social segregation: Foraging behavior and females avoiding larger groups of males
F. Weckerly, K. McFarland, M. Ricca, K. Meyer
2004, American Midland Naturalist (152) 386-399
Intersexual social segregation at small spatial scales is prevalent in ruminants that are sexually dimorphic in body size. Explaining social segregation, however, from hypotheses of how intersexual size differences affects the foraging process of males and females has had mixed results. We studied whether body size influences on forage behavior,...
Sorption of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils
S. Jurisson, J. Gawenis, E. R. Landa
2004, Health Physics (87) 423-428
Study of the sorption of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils has assessed the fate of these compounds in the event of a surface spill and examined the potential of these compounds as hydrologic tracers. Sorption from deionized water, filtered Missouri River water, and artificial seawater by five surface soils was...
Remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons by in situ landfarming at an arctic site
K. McCarthy, L. Walker, L. Vigoren, J. Bartel
2004, Cold Regions Science and Technology (39) 31-39
A simple, economical landfarming operation was implemented to treat 3600 m3 of soil at a site just northeast of Barrow, AK (latitude 71.3 ??N). Prior to landfarming, diesel-range organics (DRO) and trimethylbenzenes (TMB) were present in the soil at concentrations more than an order of magnitude greater than the established...
Mortality sensitivity in life-stage simulation analysis: A case study of southern sea otters
L.R. Gerber, M. T. Tinker, D.F. Doak, J. A. Estes, David A. Jessup
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 1554-1565
Currently, there are no generally recognized approaches for linking detailed mortality and pathology data to population-level analyses of extinction risk. We used a combination of analytical and simulation-based analyses to examine 20 years of age- and sex-specific mortality data for southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and we applied results to...
