Variation in energy expenditure among black-legged kittiwakes: Effects of activity-specific metabolic rates and activity budgets
P.G.R. Jodice, D.D. Roby, R.M. Suryan, D.B. Irons, A.M. Kaufman, K.R. Turco, G. Henk Visser
2003, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (76) 375-388
We sought to determine the effect of variation in time-activity budgets (TABs) and foraging behavior on energy expenditure rates of parent black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). We quantified TABs using direct observations of radio-tagged adults and simultaneously measured field metabolic rates (FMR) of these same individuals (n = 20) using the...
Geology and geochemistry of the Clear Creek intrusion-related gold occurrences, Tintina Gold Province, Yukon, Canada
E.E. Marsh, R.J. Goldfarb, C.J.R. Hart, C. A. Johnson
2003, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (40) 681-699
The Clear Creek gold occurrences lie within deformed lower greenschist-facies rocks of the western Selwyn basin. They consist of auriferous, sheeted quartz veins that cut six Cretaceous stocks and their hornfels. The veins contain 1-2% combined pyrite and arsenopyrite, with lesser pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and scheelite, as well as 2-5 g/t...
Predation on stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry
J.N. Henderson, B.H. Letcher
2003, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (60) 32-42
We studied predator-prey interactions between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout in three Massachusetts, U.S.A., streams and in artificial streams. We sampled stomach contents of age-1+ and older salmon and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo trutta) following salmon fry stocking in the spring of 1997 and 1998. Between 4.3 and...
A conservation plan for native fishes of the Lower Colorado River
W.L. Minckley, P.C. Marsh, J.E. Deacon, T.E. Dowling, P.W. Hedrick, W.J. Matthews, G. Mueller
2003, BioScience (53) 219-234
The native fish fauna of the lower Colorado River, in the western United States, includes four “big-river” fishes that are federally listed as endangered. Existing recovery implementation plans are inadequate for these critically imperiled species. We describe a realistic, proactive management program founded on demographic and genetic principles and crafted...
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on toad early life stages
E. E. Little, R.D. Calfee, D. L. Fabacher, C. Carey, V. S. Blazer, E.M. Middleton
2003, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (10) 167-172
BackgroundExposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB), a component of solar radiation, has been suggested as a potential cause of amphibian declines.MethodsWe measured solar radiation (UVB, ultraviolet-A, and visible) wavebands in breeding ponds of Bufo boreas (boreal toad, a montane species that has undergone severe population declines)...
Tracing the pathways of Neotropical migratory shorebirds using stable isotopes: A pilot study
A.H. Farmer, R. Rye, G. Landis, C. Bern, C. Kester, I. Ridley
2003, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (39) 169-177
We evaluated the potential use of stable isotopes to establish linkages between the wintering grounds and the breeding grounds of the Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos), the White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), the Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii), and other Neotropical migratory shorebird species (e.g., Tringa spp.). These species molt their flight feathers...
Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western United States
M.E. Fenn, Jill Baron, E.B. Allen, H.M. Rueth, K. R. Nydick, L. Geiser, W.D. Bowman, J.O. Sickman, T. Meixner, D.W. Johnson, P. Neitlich
2003, BioScience (53) 404-420
In the western United States vast acreages of land are exposed to low levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, with interspersed hotspots of elevated N deposition downwind of large, expanding metropolitan centers or large agricultural operations. Biological response studies in western North America demonstrate that some aquatic and terrestrial plant...
Environmental characteristics and benthic invertebrate assemblages in Colorado mountain lakes
B. M. LaFrancois, D.M. Carlisle, K. R. Nydick, B. M. Johnson, Jill Baron
2003, Western North American Naturalist (63) 137-154
Twenty-two high-elevation lakes (>3000 m) in Rocky Mountain National Park and Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado, were surveyed during summer 1998 to explore relationships among benthic invertebrates, water chemistry (particularly nitrate concentrations), and other environmental variables. Water samples were collected from the deepest portion of each lake and analyzed for...
A radio transmitter belt for small ranid frogs
E. Muths
2003, Herpetological Review (34) 345-348
Radio telemetry is a useful technique for gathering information about amphibians when associated caveats are applied (Bartelt and Peterson 2000). A number of designs for transmitter attachment are available for larger anurans including a harness-type attachment (van Nuland and Claus 1981) and various belt designs (Bartelt and Peterson 2000; Rathbun...
Modeling tritium transport through a deep unsaturated zone, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada
C.J. Mayers
2003, Thesis
No abstract available....
Science for avian conservation: Priorities for the new millennium
J. M. Ruth, D. R. Petit, J.R. Sauer, M.D. Samuel, Fred A. Johnson, M.D. Fornwall, C. E. Korschgen, J. P. Bennett
2003, The Auk (120) 204-211
Over the past decade, bird conservation activities have become the preeminent natural resource conservation effort in North America. Maturation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), establishment of Partners in Flight (PIF), and creation of comprehensive colonial waterbird and shorebird conservation plans have stimulated unprecedented interest in, and funding...
Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the Western United States
M.E. Fenn, R. Haeuber, G.S. Tonnesen, Jill Baron, S. Grossman-Clarke, D. Hope, D.A. Jaffe, S. Copeland, L. Geiser, H.M. Rueth, J.O. Sickman
2003, BioScience (53) 391-403
Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from 1 to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year over much of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation,...
Small-mammal density estimation: A field comparison of grid-based vs. web-based density estimators
R.R. Parmenter, Terry L. Yates, David R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, J.L. Dunnum, A.B. Franklin, M.T. Friggens, B. C. Lubow, Michael Miller, G.S. Olson, Cheryl A. Parmenter, J. Pollard, E. Rexstad, T.M. Shenk, T.R. Stanley, Gary C. White
2003, Ecological Monographs (73) 1-26
Statistical models for estimating absolute densities of field populations of animals have been widely used over the last century in both scientific studies and wildlife management programs. To date, two general classes of density estimation models have been developed: models that use data sets from capture–recapture or removal sampling techniques...
The collaborative historical African rainfall model: description and evaluation
Christopher C. Funk, Joel C. Michaelsen, James P. Verdin, Guleid A. Artan, Gregory Husak, Gabriel B. Senay, Hussein Gadain, Tamuka Magadazire
2003, International Journal of Climatology (23) 47-66
In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM)....
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the intertidal sponge Halichondria panicea
Anne L. Knowlton, Barbara J. Pierson, Sandra L. Talbot, Ray C. Highsmith
2003, Molecular Ecology Notes (3) 560-562
GA- and CA-enriched genomic libraries were constructed for the intertidal sponge Halichondria panicea. Unique repeat motifs identified varied from the expected simple dinucleotide repeats to more complex repeat units. All sequences tended to be highly repetitive but did not necessarily contain the targeted motifs. Seven microsatellite loci were evaluated on...
Individual variation in prey selection by sea otters: Patterns, causes and implications
J. A. Estes, Marianne L. Riedman, M. M. Staedler, M. T. Tinker, B.E. Lyon
2003, Journal of Animal Ecology (72) 144-155
1. Longitudinal records of prey selection by 10 adult female sea otters on the Monterey Peninsula, California, from 1983 to 1990 demonstrate extreme inter-individual variation in diet. Variation in prey availability cannot explain these differences as the data were obtained from a common spatial-temporal area. 2. Individual dietary patterns persisted...
GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)
J. Roads, R. Lawford, E. Bainto, E. Berbery, S. Chen, B. Fekete, K. Gallo, A. Grundstein, W. Higgins, M. Kanamitsu, W. Krajewski, V. Lakshmi, D. Leathers, D. Lettenmaier, L. Luo, E. Maurer, T. Meyers, Dick Miller, Ken Mitchell, T. Mote, R. Pinker, T. Reichler, D. Robinson, A. Robock, J. Smith, G. Srinivasan, K.L. Verdin, K. Vinnikov, Haar T. Vonder, C. Vorosmarty, S. Williams, E. Yarosh
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (108)
As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 fromthe "best available" observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion,...
Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California
James O. Sickman, John M. Melack, David W. Clow
2003, Limnology and Oceanography (48) 1885-1892
Long-term measurements (1983-2001) of nutrients and seston in Emerald Lake (Sierra Nevada, California) have revealed ecologically significant patterns. Nitrate, both during spring runoff and during growing seasons, declined from 1983 through 1995. Declining snowmelt nitrate was caused primarily by changes in snow regime induced by the 1987-1992 drought: years with...
Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter
Y. Arai, A. Lanzirotti, S. Sutton, J.A. Davis, D.L. Sparks
2003, Environmental Science & Technology (37) 4083-4090
Recent U.S. government action to lower the maximum concentration levels (MCL) of total arsenic (As) (10 ppb) in drinking water has raised serious concerns about the agricultural use of As-containing biosolids such as poultry litter (PL). In this study, solid-state chemical speciation, desorbability, and total levels of...
Relative contribution of stocked walleyes in Tennessee reservoirs
C.S. Vandergoot, P.W. Bettoli
2003, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (23) 1036-1041
Since the mid-1950s, fisheries biologists with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency have stocked walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in several tributary reservoirs of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to augment declining native stocks; however, the efficacy of these management actions has never been formally evaluated. The contribution of stocked walleyes in four...
Western crevice and cavity-roosting bats
Michael A. Bogan, Paul M. Cryan, Ernest W. Valdez, Laura E. Ellison, Thomas J. O’Shea
2003, Book chapter, Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects (Information and Technology Report 2003-0003)
Among the 45 species of bats that occur in the United States (U.S.), 34 species regularly occur in western regions of the country. Many of these “western” species choose roost sites in crevices or cavities. Herein we provide an introduction to the biology of bats that roost in cavities...
The ongoing educational anomaly of earth science placement
P. Messina, P. Speranza, E.P. Metzger, P. Stoffer
2003, Journal of Geoscience Education (51) 424-430
The geosciences have traditionally been viewed with less “academic prestige” than other science curricula. Among the results of this perception are depressed K-16 enrollments, Earth Science assignments to lower-performing students, and relegation of these classes to sometimes under-qualified educators, all of which serve to confirm the widely-held misconceptions. An Earth...
Timing of recent accelerations of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
I. Joughin, Eric Rignot, Christine E. Rosanova, Baerbel K. Lucchitta, J. Bohlander
2003, Geophysical Research Letters (30)
We have used Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and sequential Landsat imagery to identify and temporally constrain two acceleration events on Pine Island Glacier (PIG). These two events are separated by a period of at least seven years (1987 - 1994). The change in discharge between two flux gates...
Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA
S.-Y. Lee, C. G. Barnes, A.W. Snoke, K. A. Howard, C.D. Frost
2003, Journal of Petrology (44) 713-732
Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica granitic gneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributed unit is equigranular (EG) with initial εNd ∼ − 8·8 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ∼0·7098. Its age is uncertain. The younger unit is Late Cretaceous (∼80 Ma), pegmatitic, and sillimanite-bearing (KPG), with εNd from −15·8 to −17·3...
Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon
J.L. Weishaar, George R. Aiken, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Miranda S. Fram, Roger Fujii, K. Mopper
2003, Environmental Science & Technology (37) 4702-4708
Specific UV absorbance (SUVA) is defined as the UV absorbance of a water sample at a given wavelength normalized for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Our data indicate that SUVA, determined at 254 nm, is strongly correlated with percent aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR for 13 organic matter isolates...
