Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects
X. Yang, D.S. Peterson, P. C. Baumann, E.L.C. Lin
2003, Journal of Great Lakes Research (29) 116-123
Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have been studied since the mid 1980s as an indicator of exposure of fish to PAHs. However, the measurements of PAH metabolites are often costly and time-consuming. A simple and rapid method, fixed-wavelength fluorescence (FF), was used to measure the concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-type...
Avian use of natural versus planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA
Kristel K. Bakker, Kenneth F. Higgins
2003, Natural Areas Journal (23) 121-128
We compared avian use of naturally occurring and planted woodlands in eastern South Dakota, USA, to evaluate whether planted woodlands support the same avian communities as natural woodlands. A stratified cluster sample was used to randomly select 307 public areas in which to survey planted (n = 425) and natural...
Detailed fault structure of the 2000 Western Tottori, Japan, earthquake sequence
E. Fukuyama, W.L. Ellsworth, F. Waldhauser, A. Kubo
2003, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (93) 1468-1478
We investigate the faulting process of the aftershock region of the 2000 western Tottori earthquake (Mw 6.6) by combining aftershock hypocenters and moment tensor solutions. Aftershock locations were precisely determined by the double difference method using P- and S-phase arrival data of the Japan Meteorological Agency unified catalog. By combining...
Shallow-velocity models at the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, determined from array analyses of tremor wavefields
G. Saccorotti, B. Chouet, P. Dawson
2003, Geophysical Journal International (152) 633-648
The properties of the surface wavefield at Kilauea Volcano are analysed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed in and around the Kilauea caldera. Tremor recordings were obtained during two Japan-US cooperative experiments conducted in 1996 and 1997. The seismometers were deployed in three semi-circular arrays with apertures...
Fitting population models from field data
J.M. Emlen, D.C. Freeman, M.D. Kirchhoff, C.L. Alados, J. Escos, J.J. Duda
2003, Ecological Modelling (162) 119-143
The application of population and community ecology to solving real-world problems requires population and community dynamics models that reflect the myriad patterns of interaction among organisms and between the biotic and physical environments. Appropriate models are not hard to construct, but the experimental manipulations needed to evaluate their defining coefficients...
Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system
L.S. Post, S.E. Schlarbaum, F. Van Manen, R.A. Cecich, A.M. Saxton, J.F. Schneider
2003, Southern Journal of Applied Forestry (27) 172-175
For species that have no or limited information on genetic variation and adaptability to nonnative sites, there is a need for seed collection guidelines based on biological, climatological, and/or geographical criteria. Twenty-eight hardwood species are currently grown for reforestation purposes at the East Tennessee State Nursery. The majority of these...
Temporal connectivity in a prairie pothole complex
S.G. Leibowitz, K.C. Vining
2003, Wetlands (23) 13-25
A number of studies have noted the occurrence of intermittent surface-water connections between depressional wetlands in general and prairie potholes in particular. Yet, the ecological implications of such connections remain largely unexplored. In 1995, we observed spillage into and out of a North Dakota wetland during two field visits. Between...
Response of benthic foraminifers to sewage discharge and remediation in Santa Monica Bay, California
M. McGann, C. R. Alexander, S.M. Bay
2003, Marine Environmental Research (56) 299-342
Examination of a time series of foraminiferal assemblage distributions on the continental shelf and slope of Santa Monica Bay from 1955 to 1997-1998 suggests that the benthic microfauna have been greatly affected by the quality and character of the municipal sludge and wastewater discharged into the bay over the last...
Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada
Edward A. Mankinen, Thomas G. Hildenbrand, Christopher J. Fridrich, Edwin H. McKee, Clifford J. Schenkel
2003, Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report 50
No abstract available....
Cladoceran zooplankton abundance under clear and snow-covered ice
T.J. DeBates, S. R. Chipps, M.C. Ward, K.B. Werlin, P.B. Lorenzen
2003, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (18) 169-170
We described the distribution of cladoceran zooplankton under the ice in a natural, glacial lake. Local light availability apparently altered the spatial distribution of cladocerans. Light levels measured under snow-covered areas (0.178 lux) were an order of magnitude less than those measured at the same depth under clear ice (1.750...
A triangular model of dimensionless runoff producing rainfall hyetographs in Texas
W.H. Asquith, J.R. Bumgarner, L.S. Fahlquist
2003, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (39) 911-921
A synthetic triangular hyetograph for a large data base of Texas rainfall and runoff is needed. A hyetograph represents the temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at a point or over a watershed during a storm. Synthetic hyetographs are estimates of the expected time distribution for a design storm and principally...
Den site activity patterns of adult male and female swift foxes, Vulpes velox, in northwestern Texas
Patrick R. Lemons, Warren B. Ballard, Robert M. Sullivan, Marsha A. Sovada
2003, Canadian Field-Naturalist (117) 424-429
Activity of Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) at den sites was studied in northwestern Texas during pup rearing seasons in 2000 and 2001 to determine role of males in parental care. Twenty-four percent of radio-collared females with a potential to breed successfully raised pups to eight weeks of age. We intensively...
Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape
J.L. Gelbard, J. Belnap
2003, Conservation Biology (17) 420-432
Roads are believed to be a major contributing factor to the ongoing spread of exotic plants. We examined the effect of road improvement and environmental variables on exotic and native plant diversity in roadside verges and adjacent semiarid grassland, shrubland, and woodland communities of southern Utah (U.S.A.). We measured the...
Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma
Jennifer A. Curtis, John W. Whitney
2003, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (9) 241-252
The Norman, Oklahoma, municipal landfill closed in 1985 after 63 years of operation, because it was identified as a point source of hazardous leachate composed of organic and inorganic compounds. The landfill is located on the floodplain of the Canadian River, a sand-bed river characterized by erodible channel boundaries and...
Experimental mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis
David T. Gauthier, M. W. Rhodes, W. K. Vogelbein, H. Kator, C. A. Ottinger
2003, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (54) 105-117
Striped bass Morone saxatilis were infected intraperitoneally with approximately 105 Mycobacterium marinum, M. shottsii sp. nov., or M. gordonae. Infected fish were maintained in a flow-through freshwater system at 18 to 21°C, and were examined histologically and bacteriologically at 2, 4, 6, 8, 17, 26, 36 and 45 wk post-infection (p.i.). M. marinum caused acute peritonitis, followed...
Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition
M.W. Schmeeckle, J. M. Nelson
2003, Sedimentology (50) 279-301
Temporally and spatially averaged models of bedload transport are inadequate to describe the highly variable nature of particle motion at low transport stages. The primary sources of this variability are the resisting forces to downstream motion resulting from the geometrical relation (pocket friction angle) of a bed grain to the...
Simulating ground water-lake interactions: Approaches and insights
R. J. Hunt, H.M. Haitjema, J. T. Krohelski, D. T. Feinstein
2003, Ground Water (41) 227-237
Approaches for modeling lake-ground water interactions have evolved significantly from early simulations that used fixed lake stages specified as constant head to sophisticated LAK packages for MODFLOW. Although model input can be complex, the LAK package capabilities and output are superior to methods that rely on a fixed lake stage...
Spectral reflectance properties (0.4-2.5 μm) of secondary Fe-oxide, Fe-hydroxide, and Fe-sulphate-hydrate minerals associated with sulphide-bearing mine wastes
J.K. Crowley, D.E. Williams, J. M. Hammarstrom, N. Piatak, I.-M. Chou, J.C. Mars
2003, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (3) 219-228
Diffuse reflectance spectra of 15 mineral species commonly associated with sulphide-bearing mine wastes show diagnostic absorption bands related to electronic processes involving ferric and/or ferrous iron, and to vibrational processes involving water and hydroxyl. Many of these absorption bands are relatively broad and overlapping; however, spectral analysis methods, including continuum...
Electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish
Darrel E. Snyder
2003, Information and Technology Report 2003-0002
Electrofishing, a valuable sampling technique in North America for over half a century, involves a very dynamic and complex mix of physics, physiology, and behavior that remains poorly understood. New hypotheses have been advanced regarding "power transfer" to fish and the epileptic nature of their responses to electric fields, but...
Geographic information systems and spatial analysis of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S.A
J.E. Bunnell, S. D. Price, A. Das, T.M. Shields, G.E. Glass
2003, Journal of Medical Entomology (40) 570-576
In the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S.A., the vector of Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and other human and veterinary pathogens is the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. In 1997 and 1998, 663 adult I. scapularis ticks were collected from 320 transects spanning 66,400 km2 in five states...
Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions
J.O. Sickman, A.L. Leydecker, Cecily C.Y. Chang, C. Kendall, J.M. Melack, D.M. Lucero, J. Schimel
2003, Biogeochemistry (64) 1-24
Mechanisms underlying catchment export of nitrogen (N) during seasonal transitions (i.e., winter to spring and summer to autumn) were investigated in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada using stable isotopes of nitrate and water, intensive monitoring of stream chemistry and detailed catchment N-budgets. We had four objectives: (1) determine the...
Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA
G.C. Ohlmacher, J.C. Davis
2003, Engineering Geology (69) 331-343
Landslides in the hilly terrain along the Kansas and Missouri rivers in northeastern Kansas have caused millions of dollars in property damage during the last decade. To address this problem, a statistical method called multiple logistic regression has been used to create a landslide-hazard map for Atchison, Kansas, and surrounding...
Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002; report to respondents
Elke Schuster, S. Shea Johnson, Jonathan G. Taylor
2003, Open-File Report 2003-444
A substantial amount of backcountry (about 250,000 acres) in Rocky Mountain National Park [RMNP of the Park] may be designated as wilderness areas in the coming years. Currently, over 3 million visitors drives through the park on Trail Ridge Road, camp in designated campgrounds, day hike, etc. each year. Many...
Invertebrate response to snow goose herbivory on moist-soil vegetation
M. H. Sherfy, R. L. Kirkpatrick
2003, Wetlands (23) 236-249
Foraging activity by snow geese (Chen caerulescens) often creates large areas devoid of vegetation ("eat-outs") in moist-soil impoundments and coastal wetlands. Open-water habitats that result from eat-outs may be valuable foraging areas for other wetland-dependent birds (i.e., waterfowl and shorebirds). However, few studies have examined the effects of goose-induced habitat...
The crustal structure from the Altai Mountains to the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest China
Y. Wang, Walter D. Mooney, X. Yuan, R. G. Coleman
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (108)
[1] We present a new crustal section across northwest China based on a seismic refraction profile and geologic mapping. The 1100‐km‐long section crosses the southern margin of the Chinese Altai Mountains, Junggar Accretional Belt and eastern Junggar basin, easternmost Tianshan Mountains, and easternmost Tarim basin. The crustal...
