Concentrations of trace elements in eggs and blood of spectacled and common eiders on Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA
J. Barry Grand, J. Christian Franson, Paul L. Flint, Margaret R. Petersen
2002, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (21) 1673-1678
We examined the relations among nesting success, egg viability, and blood and egg concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Se in a threatened population of spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) and a sympatric population of common eiders (S. mollissima) on the Yukona??Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA, during 1995 and 1996. During...
Avian disease at the Salton Sea
Milton Friend
2002, Hydrobiologia (473) 293-306
A review of existing records and the scientific literature was conducted for occurrences of avian diseases affecting free-ranging avifauna within the Salton Sea ecosystem. The period for evaluation was 1907 through 1999. Records of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey and the scientific literature were the data...
Immobilization of swift foxes with ketamine hydrochloride-xylazine hydrochloride
R.L. Telesco, Marsha A. Sovada
2002, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (38) 764-768
There is an increasing need to develop field immobilization techniques that allow researchers to handle safely swift foxes (Vulpes velox) with minimal risk of stress or injury. We immobilized captive swift foxes to determine the safety and effectiveness of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride at different dosages. We attempted to...
A review of the literature on the worldwide distribution, spread of, and efforts to eradicate the coypu (Myocastor coypus)
J. Carter, B.P. Leonard
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 162-175
We conducted a literature review of coypu (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts worldwide. The coypu (also called nutria) has been introduced from its origins in South America to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. While perceived in some regions as a valuable resource, in most regions the animals are...
High-precision measurements of wetland sediment elevation. I. Recent improvements to the sedimentation--erosion table
Donald R. Cahoon, J.C. Lynch, P. Hensel, R. Boumans, B.C. Perez, B. Segura, J.W. Day Jr.
2002, Journal of Sedimentary Research (72) 730-733
The sedimentation-erosion table (SET) developed by Boumans and Day (1993) is herein renamed the surface elevation table (SET) to better reflect the conceptual view of the processes being measured. The SET was designed for making high-resolution measurements of small-scale changes in elevation of loose, unconsolidated sediments in shallow water and...
Alkylcyclohexanes in environmental geochemistry
F. D. Hostettler, K.A. Kvenvolden
2002, Environmental Forensics (3) 293-301
The n-alkylated cyclohexanes (CHs) are a homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds that are commonly present in crude oil and refinery products such as diesel fuel. These compounds exhibit specific distribution patterns for different fuel types, providing useful fingerprints for characterizing petroleum products, especially after degradation of n-alkanes has occurred. However,...
Undrained poroelastic response of sandstones to deviatoric stress change
D.A. Lockner, S. A. Stanchits
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 13-1-ETG 13-14
Deformation of porous crustal rock through diagenesis, tectonic loading, or other processes can change pore volume and affect fluid pressure. The largest stress-induced pore pressure changes occur when fluid is trapped in pores in an “undrained” condition. We have measured the undrained poroelastic response of two sandstones to changes in...
Used motor oil as a source of MTBE, TAME, and BTEX to ground water
R.J. Baker, E.W. Best, A. L. Baehr
2002, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (22) 46-51
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), the widely used gasoline oxygenate, has been identified as a common ground water contaminant, and BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) have long been associated with gasoline spills. Because not all instances of ground water contamination by MTBE and BTEX can be attributed to spills...
Accessible habitat for shorebirds: Factors influencing its availability and conservation implications
J.A. Collazo, D. A. O’Harra, C.A. Kelly
2002, Waterbirds (25) 13-24
We examined the relationship between water levels and accessible habitat, and how accessible habitat influenced Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) numbers in managed wetlands at Pea Island (North Carolina) and Merritt Island (Florida) National Wildlife Refuges in 1998 and 1999. At Pea Island we experimentally manipulated water...
Putting aquifers into atmospheric simulation models: An example from the Mill Creek Watershed, Northeastern Kansas
J.P. York, M. Person, W.J. Gutowski, T. C. Winter
2002, Advances in Water Resources (25) 221-238
Aquifer-atmosphere interactions can be important in regions where the water table is shallow (<2 m). A shallow water table provides moisture for the soil and vegetation and thus acts as a source term for evapotranspiration to the atmosphere. A coupled aquifer-land surface-atmosphere model has been developed to study aquifer-atmosphere interactions...
Does Mallard clutch size vary with landscape composition?
I.J. Ball, M. J. Artmann, S. T. Hoekman
2002, The Wilson Bulletin (114) 404-406
We studied Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) nesting in artificial nesting structures in northeastern North Dakota and compared clutch size between landscapes where proportion of cropland was either high (mean = 68.9%, cropland landscapes) or low (mean = 30.2%, grassland landscapes). Mallard clutch size was significantly related to nest initiation date...
The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (Gavia immer) chicks
F. Fournier, W. H. Karasov, K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, R. K. Hines
2002, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology (133) 703-714
We compared the toxicokinetics of methylmercury in captive common loon chicks during two time intervals to assess the impact of feather growth on the kinetics of mercury. We also determined the oral bioavailability of methylmercury during these trials to test for age-related changes. The blood concentration-time curves for individuals dosed...
A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds
R. B. Alexander, P.J. Johnes, E.W. Boyer, R. A. Smith
2002, Biogeochemistry (57-58) 295-339
We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process...
Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment
M.C. Hayes, R.W. Carmichael
2002, Fisheries (27) 10-19
The use of artificial propagation may produce unexpected results and the need for risk containment. Stray chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Umatilla River releases put the threatened Snake River stock at risk, caused conflict between two plans, altered management, and greatly increased the costs for hatchery-based restoration. Stray Umatilla returns...
Paleoseismic event dating and the conditional probability of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault, California
G. P. Biasi, R.J. Weldon II, T. E. Fumal, G. G. Seitz
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2761-2781
We introduce a quantitative approach to paleoearthquake dating and apply it to paleoseismic data from the Wrightwood and Pallett Creek sites on the southern San Andreas fault. We illustrate how stratigraphic ordering, sedimentological, and historical data can be used quantitatively in the process of estimating earthquake ages. Calibrated radiocarbon age...
Solving Wakulla Springs underwater mysteries. Using GPS to map Florida's underground caverns
Ende B. Am
2002, Hydro International (6) 56-59
Located in the Woodville Karst Plain stretching south from Tallahassee to the Gulf of Mexico, Florida's Wakulla Springs is one of the largest and deepest freshwater Springs in the world. It is also a gateway into one of the longest underwater cave system in the United States, a system that...
Relatively rapid loss of lampricide residues from fillet tissue of fish after routine treatment
Chue Vue, Jeffry A. Bernardy, Terrance D. Hubert, William H. Gingerich, G. R. Stehly
2002, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (50) 6786-6789
The selective sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvicide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is currently used to control parasitic sea lampreys in tributaries to the Great Lakes basin. The concentration and persistence of TFM and its major metabolite, TFM glucuronide (TFM-glu), was determined in fillet tissue of fish after a typical stream application. Rainbow...
Responses of dabbling ducks to wetland conditions in the Prairie Pothole Region
J. E. Austin
2002, Waterbirds (25) 465-473
The relationships between wetland water conditions and breeding numbers of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), Blue-winged Teal (A. discors), and Northern Shoveler (A. clypeata) during May of 1992-1995, were examined on twelve study areas in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region. Data were collected on...
Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength
Rebecca A. Bunn, Robin D. Magelky, Joseph N. Ryan, Menachem Elimelech
2002, Environmental Science & Technology (36) 314-322
Field and laboratory column experiments were performed to assess the effect of elevated pH and reduced ionic strength on the mobilization of natural colloids in a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated aquifer sediment. The field experiments were conducted as natural gradient injections of groundwater amended by sodium hydroxide additions. The laboratory experiments were...
Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: Influence of location, feeding strategy and taxonomic affiliation
H. G. Ochoa-Acuna, M. S. Sepulveda, T. S. Gross
2002, Marine Pollution Bulletin (44) 340-349
This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers...
Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill
Leslie E. Holland-Bartels, editor(s)
2002, Report
The 1989 spill of some 42 million L of crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, represents not only the largest tanker spill in United States history, but the world’s largest spill in northern waters. Acute effects have been studied extensively. However, efforts to quantify the spill’s long-term chronic effects...
A reconnaissance method for delineation of tracts for regional-scale mineral-resource assessment based on geologic-map data
Gary L. Raines, Mark J. Mihalasky
2002, Natural Resources Research (11) 241-248
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposing to conduct a global mineral-resource assessment using geologic maps, significant deposits, and exploration history as minimal data requirements. Using a geologic map and locations of significant pluton-related deposits, the pluton-related-deposit tract maps from the USGS national mineral-resource assessment have been reproduced with GIS-based...
Zoned chondrules in Semarkona: Evidence for high-and low-temperature processing
Jeffrey N. Grossman, C. M. O’D. Alexander, Jianhua Wang, Adrian J. Brearley
2002, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (37) 49-73
At least 15% of the low-FeO chondrules in Semarkona (LL3.0) have mesostases that are concentrically zoned in Na, with enrichments near the outer margins. We have studied zoned chondrules using electron microprobe methods (x-ray mapping plus quantitative analysis), ion microprobe analysis for trace elements and hydrogen isotopes, cathodoluminescence imaging, and...
SHE analysis for biozonation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from western arctic ocean
Lisa E. Osterman, Martin A Buzas, Lee-Ann C. Hayek
2002, Palaios (17) 297-303
Benthic foraminiferal species abundance in samples from three Mendeleyev Ridge box cores were analyzed by cluster analysis and the newer method of SHE analysis. Previously, the latter technique only has been used on foraminiferal data from depth transects of modern surface sediment samples. Unlike most methods, which initially compare all...
Observations of the distributions of five fish species in a small Appalachian stream
Gary L. Larson, Robert L. Hoffman, S. E. Moore
2002, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (131) 791-796
The notion has been growing that resident stream fishes exhibit a greater capacity for movement than was previously thought. In this study, we recorded the distributions of four resident fish species (longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae, blacknose dace R. atratulus, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdi, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) and one nonresident species (central stoneroller Campostoma...
