Spatial and temporal variability of trace element concentrations in an urban subtropical watershed, Honolulu, Hawaii
De Carlo E. Heinen, S. S. Anthony
2002, Applied Geochemistry (17) 475-492
Trace metal concentrations in soils and in stream and estuarine sediments from a subtropical urban watershed in Hawaii are presented. The results are placed in the context of historical studies of environmental quality (water, soils, and sediment) in Hawaii to elucidate sources of trace elements and the processes responsible for...
High-resolution topography along surface rupture of the 16 October 1999 Hector Mine, California (Mw 7.1) from airborne laser swath mapping
K.W. Hudnutt, A. Borsa, C. Glennie, J.-B. Minster
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 1570-1576
In order to document surface rupture associated with the Hector Mine earthquake, in particular, the area of maximum slip and the deformed surface of Lavic Lake playa, we acquired high-resolution data using relatively new topographic-mapping methods. We performed a raster-laser scan of the main surface breaks along the entire rupture...
Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice
M.G. Ferrick, D.J. Calkins, N.M. Perron, J.H. Cragin, C. Kendall
2002, Hydrological Processes (16) 851-872
The stable isotope stratigraphy of river- and lake-ice archives winter hydroclimatic conditions, and can potentially be used to identify changing water sources or to provide important insights into ice formation processes and growth rates. However, accurate interpretations rely on known isotopic fractionation during ice growth. A one-dimensional diffusion model of...
How stakeholder roles, power, and negotiation impact natural resource policy: A political economy view
L. Caughlan
2002, Thesis
Natural resource management decisions are complicated by multiple property rights, management objectives, and stakeholders with varying degrees of influence over the decision making process. In order to make efficient decisions, managers must incorporate the opinions and values of the involved stakeholders as well as understand the complex institutional constraints and...
Monitoring the recovery of Juncus roemerianus marsh burns with the normalized difference vegetation index and Landsat Thematic Mapper data
Elijah W. Ramsey III, S.K. Sapkota, F.G. Barnes, G.A. Nelson
2002, Wetlands Ecology and Management (10) 85-96
Nine atmospherically corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper images were used to generate mean normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) at 11 burn sites throughout a coastal Juncus roemerianus marsh in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Time-since-burn, the time lapse from the date of burn to the date of image collection, was...
Comparison of temporal trends in VOCs as measured with PDB samplers and low-flow sampling methods
P. T. Harte
2002, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (22) 45-47
Analysis of temporal trends in tetrachloroethylene (PCE) concentration determined by two sample techniques showed that passive diffusion bag (pdb) samplers adequately sample the large variation in PCE concentrations at the site. The slopes of the temporal trends in concentrations were comparable between the two techniques, and the pdb sample concentration...
Fecal-indicator bacteria in streams alonga gradient of residential development
Steven A. Frenzel, Charles S. Couvillion
2002, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (38) 265-273
Fecal-indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal-coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria...
An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River
M. S. Sepulveda, W.E. Johnson, J. C. Higman, N. D. Denslow, T. R. Schoeb, T. S. Gross
2002, Science of the Total Environment (289) 133-144
The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and...
Energy budget above a high-elevation subalpine forest in complex topography
A.A. Turnipseed, P.D. Blanken, D.E. Anderson, Russell K. Monson
2002, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (110) 177-201
Components of the energy budget were measured above a subalpine coniferous forest over two complete annual cycles. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were measured by eddy covariance. Bowen ratios ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 in the summer (June–September) depending upon the availability of soil...
Atrazine and metolachlor occurrence in shallow ground water of the United States, 1993 to 1995: Relations to explanatory factors
D.W. Kolpin, J.E. Barbash, R. J. Gilliom
2002, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (38) 301-311
Since 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey has been conducting the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to determine the quality of the Nation's water resources. In an effort to obtain a better understanding of why pesticides are found in shallow ground water on a national scale, a set of factors...
Reduction of CO2 to C1 products and fuel
T. Mill, D. Ross
2002, Conference Paper, ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints
Photochemical semiconductor processes readily reduced CO2 to a broad range of C1 products. However the intrinsic and solar efficiencies for the processes were low. Improved quantum efficiencies could be realized utilizing quantum-sized particles, but at the expense of using less of the visible solar spectrum. Conversely, semiconductors with small bandgaps...
The Salton Sea: Proceedings of the Salton Sea Symposium
D. A. Barnum, J. F. Elder, D. Stevens, M. Friend
2002, Book
No abstract available....
The National Vegetation Classification Standard applied to the remote sensing classification of two semiarid environments
Elijah W. Ramsey III, G.A. Nelson, D. Echols, S.K. Sapkota
2002, Environmental Management (29) 703-715
The National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS) was implemented at two US National Park Service (NPS) sites in Texas, the Padre Island National Seashore (PINS) and the Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LM-NRA), to provide information for NPS oil and gas management plans. Because NVCS landcover classifications did not exist for...
SALMOD: A population model for salmonids: user's manual. Version W3
John Bartholow, John Heasley, Jeff Laake, Jeff Sandelin, Beth A.K. Coughlan, Alan Moos
2002, Report
SALMOD is a computer model that simulates the dynamics of freshwater salmonid populations, both anadromous and resident. The conceptual model was developed in a workshop setting (Williamson et al. 1993) using fish experts concerned with Trinity River chinook restoration. The model builds on the foundation laid by similar models (see...
An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification
C. Huang, L.S. Davis, J.R.G. Townshend
2002, International Journal of Remote Sensing (23) 725-749
The support vector machine (SVM) is a group of theoretically superior machine learning algorithms. It was found competitive with the best available machine learning algorithms in classifying high-dimensional data sets. This paper gives an introduction to the theoretical development of the SVM and an experimental evaluation of its accuracy, stability...
Description and comparison of geologic maps with FRAGSTATS - A spatial statistics program
G. L. Raines
2002, Computers & Geosciences (28) 169-177
FRAGSTATS is a public-domain GIS implementation of a set of spatial statistics that address a fundamental problem in GIS applications, description and comparison of maps. The spatial statistics from the 1:2,500,000-scale United States geologic map of Nevada, the central United States, and the northeastern United States quantify the differences in...
Dynamic interpretation of slug tests in highly permeable aquifers
Brian R. Zurbuchen, Vitaly A. Zlotnik, James J. Butler Jr.
2002, Water Resources Research (38) 7-1-7-18
Considerable progress has been made in developing a theoretical framework for modeling slug test responses in formations with high hydraulic conductivity K. However, several questions of practical significance remain unresolved. Given the rapid and often oscillatory nature of test responses, the traditional hydrostatic relationship between the water level and the transducer‐measured...
Deformation associated with the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska
Dorte Mann, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Z. Lu
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 7-1-ETG 7-12
Okmok volcano, located on Umnak Island in the Aleutian chain, Alaska, is the most eruptive caldera system in North America in historic time. Its most recent eruption occurred in 1997. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry shows deflation of the caldera center of up to 140 cm during this time, preceded and...
The epizootiology of type C botulism in fish-eating birds at Salton Sea, California
P. Nol
2002, Thesis
During 1996, type C avian botulism killed over 15,000 fish-eating birds at the Salton Sea in southern California. Amont those affected were nearly 10,000 western white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and over 1,200 endangered California brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus). Since 1996, smaller epizootics have occurred every year. Type C botulism...
Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USA
J. B. Shanley, C. Kendall, T. E. Smith, D.M. Wolock, Jeffery J. McDonnell
2002, Hydrological Processes (16) 589-609
Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two-component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to...
Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps
H.-C. Chang, D. C. Kopaska-Merkel, H.-C. Chen
2002, Computers & Geosciences (28) 223-229
Lithofacies identification is a primary task in reservoir characterization. Traditional techniques of lithofacies identification from core data are costly, and it is difficult to extrapolate to non-cored wells. We present a low-cost automated technique using Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify systematically and objectively lithofacies from well log data. SOMs...
Provincial variation of carbon emissions from bituminous coal: Influence of inertinite and other factors
J.C. Quick, T. Brill
2002, International Journal of Coal Geology (49) 263-275
We observe a 1.3 kg C/net GJ variation of carbon emissions due to inertinite abundance in some commercially available bituminous coal. An additional 0.9 kg C/net GJ variation of carbon emissions is expected due to the extent of coalification through the bituminous rank stages. Each percentage of sulfur in bituminous...
Magmatic activity beneath the quiescent Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA
Charles W. Wicks Jr., Daniel Dzurisin, Steven E. Ingebritsen, Wayne R. Thatcher, Zhong Lu, Justin Iverson
2002, Geophysical Research Letters (29) 26-1-26-4
Images from satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) reveal uplift of a broad ~10 km by 20 km area in the Three Sisters volcanic center of the central Oregon Cascade Range, ~130 km south of Mt. St. Helens. The last eruption in the volcanic center occurred ~1500 years ago. Multiple...
Distribution and abundance of mymarid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)in Hawaii
P. Yang, D. Foote, A.V. Alyokhin, L. Lenz, R.H. Messing
2002, Biological Control (23) 237-244
The abundance of mymarid parasitoids attacking the two-spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia [Kuoh and Kuoh]), a polyphagous pest recently adventive to Hawaii, was monitored using yellow sticky cards deployed in several areas on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii. The yellow cards captured Chaetomymar sp. nr bagicha Narayanan, Subba Rao, &...
Comparison of the Eastern and Western Kentucky coal fields (Pennsylvanian), USA-why are coal distribution patterns and sulfur contents so different in these coal fields?
S.F. Greb, C.F. Eble, D.R. Chesnut Jr.
2002, International Journal of Coal Geology (50) 89-118
More than 130 Mt of Pennsylvanian coal is produced annually from two coal fields in Kentucky. The Western Kentucky Coal Field occurs in part of the Illinois Basin, an intercratonic basin, and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field occurs in the Central Appalachian Basin, a foreland basin. The basins are only...
