Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater
Jill Baron, N.L. Poff, P. L. Angermeier, Clifford N. Dahm, P.H. Gleick, N.G. Hairston Jr., R.B. Jackson, C.A. Johnston, B. D. Richter, A.D. Steinman
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 1247-1260
Human society has used freshwater from rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wetlands for many different urban, agricultural, and industrial activities, but in doing so has overlooked its value in supporting ecosystems. Freshwater is vital to human life and societal well-being, and thus its utilization for consumption, irrigation, and transport has long...
Estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington state
K.L. Laidre, R.J. Jameson, S.J. Jeffries, R.C. Hobbs, C.E. Bowlby, G.R. VanBlaricom
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 1172-1181
Analyses of eggs of three species of North American accipitrine hawks for organochlorines and heavy metals indicate that contamination with DDE may be the primary cause of recent population declines of two of the species, Cooper's hawk and sharp-shinned hawk....
Role analysis to initiate citizen involvement: A case study of the Wyoming grizzly bear management planning process
P.D. Ponds, N. Burkardt
2002, Human Dimensions of Wildlife (7) 301-302
No abstract available....
Ecological restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective
Craig D. Allen, Melissa Savage, Donald A. Falk, Kieran F. Suckling, Thomas W. Swetnam, Todd Schulke, Peter B. Stacey, Penelope Morgan, Martos Hoffman, Jon T. Klingel
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 1418-1433
The purpose of this paper is to promote a broad and flexible perspective on ecological restoration of Southwestern (U.S.) ponderosa pine forests. Ponderosa pine forests in the region have been radically altered by Euro-American land uses, including livestock grazing, fire suppression, and logging. Dense thickets of young trees now abound,...
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill
James L. Bodkin, Brenda E. Ballachey, Thomas A. Dean, Allan K. Fukuyama, Stephen C. Jewett, Lyman L. McDonald, Daniel H. Monson, Charles E. O’Clair, Glenn R. VanBlaricom
Leslie E. Holland-Bartels, editor(s)
2002, Report, Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations were severely affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in western Prince William Sound, AK, and had not fully recovered by 2000. Here we present results of population surveys and incorporate findings from related studies to identify current population status and factors affecting recovery....
Application of truss analysis for the quantification of changes in fish condition
Dean G. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey W. Nanson, Thomas N. Todd, Bruce M. Davis
2002, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery (9) 115-125
Conservation of skeletal structure and unique body ratios in fishes facilitated the development of truss analysis as a taxonomic tool to separate physically-similar species. The methodology is predicated on the measurement of across-body distances from a sequential series of connected polygons. Changes in body shape or condition among...
Book review: Experimental design and data analysis for biologists by G.P. Quinn and J.J. Keough
James P. Bennett
2002, Natural Areas Journal (22) 349-350
No abstract available....
Molecular diagnosis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis and viral hemorrhagic septicemia
James R. Winton, Katja Einer-Jensen
2002, Book chapter, Molecular diagnosis of salmonid diseases
The fish rhabdoviruses, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), cause extensive losses among salmon and trout in several areas of the world (Bootland and Leong, 1999; Smail, 1999; Wolf, 1988). Historically, IHNV was endemic among wild anadromous salmonids in the western portion of North America,...
The influence of sylvatic plague on North American wildlife at the landscape level, with special emphasis on black-footed ferret and prairie dog conservation
M.F. Antolin, P. Gober, Bob Luce, D. E. Biggins, W.E. van Pelt, D.B. Seery, M. Lockhart, M. Ball
2002, Conference Paper, Transactions of the 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference
No abstract available....
Long-term benthic community change in a highly invaded estuary
Heather Peterson
2002, Thesis
Ecosystem-level changes in the San Francisco Estuary including reduction in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass through competition and predation have been linked to the invasive bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis, first found in this estuary in 1986. My study assessed the competitive and other effects of P. amurensis...
A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales
Nancy E. Monsen, James E. Cloern, Lisa V. Lucas, Stephen G. Monismith
2002, Limnology and Oceanography (47) 1545-1553
Applications of transport time scales are pervasive in biological, hydrologic, and geochemical studies yet these times scales are not consistently defined and applied with rigor in the literature. We compare three transport time scales (flushing time, age, and residence time) commonly used to measure the retention of water or scalar...
Soil gas screening for chlorinated solvents at three contaminated karst sites in Tennessee
William J. Wolfe, Shannon D. Williams
2002, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (22) 91-99
Soil gas was sampled using active sampling techniques and passive collectors at three sites in Tennessee to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques for locating chlorinated solvent sources and flowpaths in karst aquifers. Actively collected soil gas samples were analyzed in the field with a portable gas chromatograph, and the...
The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: Associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve
M. J. Adams, R. Bruce Bury
2002, Global Ecology and Biogeography (11) 169-178
We used a large forested preserve (Olympic National Park, USA) to examine the habitat associations of a unique and environmentally sensitive stream amphibian fauna: Ascaphus truei Stegneger, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige) and Dicamptodon copei Nussbaum. We quantified the relative abundance of stream amphibians and compared them to physical, topographic, climatic and...
Crustal structure of central Lake Baikal: Insights into intracontinental rifting
Uri S. ten Brink, Michael H. Taylor
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 2-1-ETG 2-15
The Cenozoic rift system of Baikal, located in the interior of the largest continental mass on Earth, is thought to represent a potential analog of the early stage of breakup of supercontinents. We present a detailed P wave velocity structure of the crust and sediments beneath the Central Basin, the deepest basin...
Comparison of an algebraic multigrid algorithm to two iterative solvers used for modeling ground water flow and transport
R.L. Detwiler, S. Mehl, H. Rajaram, W.W. Cheung
2002, Ground Water (40) 267-272
Numerical solution of large-scale ground water flow and transport problems is often constrained by the convergence behavior of the iterative solvers used to solve the resulting systems of equations. We demonstrate the ability of an algebraic multigrid algorithm (AMG) to efficiently solve the large, sparse systems of equations that result...
Mercury methylation at mercury mines in the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada, USA
J. E. Gray, J.G. Crock, B.K. Lasorsa
2002, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2) 143-149
Total Hg and methylmercury concentrations were measured in mine-waste calcines (retorted ore), sediment, and water samples collected in and around abandoned mercury mines in western Nevada to evaluate Hg methylation at the mines and in the Humboldt River Basin. Mine-waste calcines contain total Hg concentrations as high as 14 000...
Does electric fishing influence movements of fishes in streams? Experiments with brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
K.A. Dunham, J. Stone, J.R. Moring
2002, Fisheries Management and Ecology (9) 249-251
[No abstract available]...
Comparison of soil bacterial communities in rhizospheres of three plant species and the interspaces in an arid grassland
Cheryl R. Kuske, Lawrence O. Ticknor, Mark E. Miller, John M. Dunbar, Jody A. Davis, Susan M. Barns, Jayne Belnap
2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (68) 1854-1863
Soil bacteria are important contributors to primary productivity and nutrient cycling in arid land ecosystems, and their populations may be greatly affected by changes in environmental conditions. In parallel studies, the composition of the total bacterial community and of members of the Acidobacterium division were assessed in arid grassland soils...
Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data
D.R. Helsel, S.J. Ryker
2002, Environmetrics (13) 445-452
Skewness of environmental data is often caused by more than simply a handful of outliers in an otherwise normal distribution. Statistical procedures for such datasets must be sufficiently robust to deal with distributions that are strongly non-normal, containing both a large proportion of outliers and a skewed main body of...
Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes
Debi Kilb, J. Gomberg, P. Bodin
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ESE 2-1-ESE 2-14
We examine the correlation between seismicity rate change following the 1992, M7.3, Landers, California, earthquake and characteristics of the complete Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes (ΔCFS(t)) that this earthquake generated. At close distances the time-varying “dynamic” portion of the stress change depends on how the rupture develops temporally and spatially and...
Custom analysis; a winning proposition for customers and the National Laboratory
Mark R. Burkhardt
2002, Conference Paper, Water Logs - National Water Quality Laboratory Newsletter
Terrestrial and stream amphibians across clearcut-forest interfaces in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon
Roman Biek, L. Scott Mills, R. Bruce Bury
2002, Northwest Science (76) 129-140
Timber harvest in the Pacific Northwest has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape. but there is no information on responses of amphibians to forest edges for this region. We investigated abundance of terrestrial and stream-dwelling amphibians on the interface of recent clearcuts and mature forest in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon,...
Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature
Crawford S. Holling, Craig R. Allen
2002, Ecosystems (5) 319-328
Strong inference is a powerful and rapid tool that can be used to identify and explain patterns in molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. It is effective where causes are single and separable and where discrimination between pairwise alternative hypotheses can be determined experimentally by a simple yes or no...
Molecular analysis of a 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile
M. Kuch, N. Rohland, J.L. Betancourt, C. Latorre, S. Steppan, H.N. Poinar
2002, Molecular Ecology (11) 913-924
DNA was extracted from an 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile and the chloroplast and animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene sequences were analysed to investigate the floral environment surrounding the midden, and the identity of the midden agent. The plant sequences, together with the macroscopic identifications, suggest...
A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism
E.G. Josberger, N. M. Mognard
2002, Hydrological Processes (16) 1557-1568
Passive microwave brightness temperatures of snowpacks depend not only on the snow depth, but also on the internal snowpack properties, particularly the grain size, which changes through the winter. Algorithms that assume a constant grain size can yield erroneous estimates of snow depth or water equivalent. For snowpacks that are...
