The Ordovician Sebree Trough: An oceanic passage to the Midcontinent United States
Dennis R. Kolata, W.D. Huff, Stig M. Bergstrom
2001, Geological Society of America Bulletin (113) 1067-1078
The Sebree Trough is a relatively narrow, shale-filled sedimentary feature extending for several hundred kilometers across the Middle and Late Ordovician carbonate platform of the Midcontinent United States. The dark graptolitic shales within the trough stand in contrast to the coeval bryozoan-brachiopod-echinoderm– rich limestones on the flanking platforms. We infer...
Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish
R. C. Cipriano, G. L. Bullock
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 96-104
In vitro studies indicated that commercially prepared transport systems containing Amies, Stuart's, and Cary-Blair media worked equally well in sustaining the viability of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida, which causes furunculosis. The bacterium remained viable without significant increase or decrease in cell numbers for as long as 48 h of...
Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California
J.A. Leenheer, J. Hsu, L. B. Barber
2001, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (51) 163-178
In January 1999, wastewater influent and effluent from the pretreatment plant at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site were sampled along with groundwater at six locations along the groundwater contaminant plume. The objectives of this sampling and study were to identify at the compound class level the unidentified 40–60% of wastewater organic contaminants, and to determine...
The dependence of acoustic properties of a crack on the resonance mode and geometry
Hiroyuki Kumagai, B. A. Chouet
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 3325-3328
We examine the dependence of the acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids on the resonance mode and geometry to quantify the source properties of long-period (LP) events observed in volcanic areas. Our results, based on spectral analyses of synthetic waveforms generated with a fluid-driven crack model,...
Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters
P. D. Capel, S.J. Larson
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 648-657
Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff...
Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping method
M.G. Rupert
2001, Ground Water (39) 625-630
Ground water vulnerability maps developed using the DRASTIC method have been produced in many parts of the world. Comparisons of those maps with actual ground water quality data have shown that the DRASTIC method is typically a poor predictor of ground water contamination. This study significantly improved the effectiveness of...
Supply-limited horizontal sand drift at an ephemerally crusted, unvegetated saline playa
Dale A. Gillette, T.C. Niemeyer, P. J. Helm
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (106) 18085-18098
A site at Owens Dry Lake was observed for more than 4 years. The site was a vegetation-free saline playa where the surface formed “ephemeral crusts,” crusts that form after rainfall. Sometimes these crusts were destroyed and often a layer of particles on the crust would engage in vigorous aeolian...
Global occurrences of gas hydrate
K.A. Kvenvolden, T.D. Lorenson
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
Natural gas hydrate is found worldwide in sediments of outer continental margins of all oceans and in polar areas with continuous permafrost. There are currently 77 localities identified globally where geophysical, geochemical and/or geological evidence indicates the presence of gas hydrate. Details concerning individual gas-hydrate occurrences are compiled at a...
Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. IV. The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)
M. N. DiLauro, R.A. Walsh, M. Peiffer, R. M. Bennett
2001, Canadian Journal of Zoology (79) 802-808
Sperm-cell morphology and ultrastructure in the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Metrics and structure were compared with similar metrics obtained from other published descriptions of sturgeon sperm cells. General morphology was found to be similar to that of sperm cells of the white...
The effect of community composition on persistence of prey with their predators in an assemblage of pond-breeding amphibians
S.C. Walls, M.C. Williams
2001, Oecologia (128) 134-141
We examined whether the species composition of a community influences the persistence of larval Ambystoma maculatum in assemblages composed of two larger intraguild predators (A. opacum and A. jeffersonianum) and an alternative prey species (tadpoles of Rana sylvatica). We predicted a priori that A. maculatum would have higher survival in...
Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations
M. D. Richardson, K.B. Briggs, L.D. Bibee, P.A. Jumars, W.B. Sawyer, D.B. Albert, R.H. Bennett, T.K. Berger, M.J. Buckingham, N.P. Chotiros, P.H. Dahl, N. T. DeWitt, P. Fleischer, R. Flood, C. F. Greenlaw, D. V. Holliday, M.H. Hulbert, M.P. Hutnak, P.D. Jackson, J.S. Jaffe, H. Paul Johnson, D. L. Lavoie, A.P. Lyons, C.S. Martens, D.E. McGehee, K.D. Moore, T.H. Orsi, J.N. Piper, R.I. Ray, A.H. Reed, R.F.L. Self, J.L. Schmidt, S.G. Schock, F. Simonet, R.D. Stoll, D. Tang, D.E. Thistle, E.I. Thorsos, D.J. Walter, R. A. Wheatcroft
2001, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (26) 26-53
A 1-km2 area located 2 km off the Florida Pan-handle (30??22.6???N; 86??38.7???W) was selected as the site to conduct high-frequency acoustic seafloor penetration, sediment propagation, and bottom scattering experiments [1]. Side scan, multibeam, and normal incidence chirp acoustic surveys as well as subsequent video surveys, diver observations, and vibra coring,...
Dry deposition of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium, and nitrate to alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, Colorado
G. Rattray, H. Sievering
2001, Atmospheric Environment (35) 1105-1109
Micrometeorological measurements and ambient air samples, analyzed for concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4+, and NO3-, were collected at an alpine tundra site on Niwot Ridge, Colorado. The measured concentrations were extremely low and ranged between 5 and 70ngNm-3. Dry deposition fluxes of these atmospheric species were calculated using the micrometeorological...
Fungal symbiosis from mutualism to parasitism: who controls the outcome, host or invader?
R. S. Redman, D.D. Dunigan, R. J. Rodriguez
2001, New Phytologist (151) 705-716
Plant symbiotic fungi are generally thought to express a single lifestyle that might increase (mutualism), decrease (parasitism), or have no influence (commensalism) on host fitness. However, data are presented here demonstrating that plant pathogenic Colletotrichum species are able to asymptomatically colonize plants and express nonpathogenic lifestyles. Experiments were conducted in...
Disease aftershocks - The health effects of natural disasters
S.C. Guptill
2001, International Geology Review (43) 419-423
While the initial activity of a natural disaster event may directly injure or kill a number of people, it is possible that a significant number of individuals will be affected by disease outbreaks that occur after the first effects of the disaster have passed. Coupling the epidemiologist's knowledge of disease...
Protection of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus four days after specific or semi-specific DNA vaccination
S. E. LaPatra, S. Corbeil, G. R. Jones, W. D. Shewmaker, N. Lorenzen, Eric Anderson, Gael Kurath
2001, Vaccine (19) 4011-4019
A DNA vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), was shown to provide significant protection as soon as 4 d after intramuscular vaccination in 2 g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 15°C. Nearly complete protection was also observed at...
Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
A.J. Madonna, F. Basile, E. Furlong, K.J. Voorhees
2001, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (15) 1068-1074
A rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. The technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by MALDI-MS. A suspension of a...
Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?
J.A. Snoke, J.C. Lahr
2001, Seismological Research Letters (72) 538-541
No abstract available....
Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996
Brian A. Bergamaschi, Kathryn Kuivila, Miranda S. Fram
2001, Estuaries (24) 368-380
Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide...
Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area
S. E. LaPatra, W.N. Batts, K. Overturf, G.N. Jones, W. D. Shewmaker, J. R. Winton
2001, Journal of Fish Diseases (24) 399-408
To assess the risk of transmission of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from an area where the virus is endemic, 240 freshly eviscerated fish (225-500 g) exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities were tested for IHNV by...
Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies
K.M. Larson, Peter Cervelli, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus, P. Segall, S. Owen
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 19453-19464
Permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) networks are routinely used for producing improved orbits and monitoring secular tectonic deformation. For these applications, data are transferred to an analysis center each day and routinely processed in 24-hour segments. To use GPS for monitoring volcanic events, which may last only a few hours,...
Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe
John C. Simon, Thane K. Pratt, Kim E. Berlin, James R. Kowalsky
2001, Condor (103) 736-745
The ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the montane rain forests of east Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. We investigated ‘Ākohekohe nesting ecology using color-banded birds for the first time as a background to understanding the species' conservation. From 1994–1997, we color-banded 78 individuals, located and...
Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish
H. Liao, C.L. Pierce, J. G. Larscheid
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 583-591
Determining the importance of prey taxa in the diets of predacious species is a frequent objective in fisheries research. Various indices of prey importance are in common use, and all give different results because of their emphasis on different aspects of fish diets. We explored these differences by empirically comparing...
Using today's science to plan for tomorrow's water policies
R.M. Hirsch, T. L. Miller, P. A. Hamilton
2001, Environment (43)
[No abstract available]...
Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements
P. Segall, Peter Cervelli, S. Owen, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 19301-19317
The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function...
Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters
R.W. Perry, N.S. Adams, D.W. Rondorf
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 46-52
We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on...
