Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines
C.G. Ingersoll, D.D. MacDonald, N. Wang, J.L. Crane, L.J. Field, P.S. Haverland, N.E. Kemble, R.A. Lindskoog, C. Severn, D.E. Smorong
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (41) 8-21
The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A...
Regional water-quality analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba in river water using gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry
E.M. Thurman, L.R. Zimmerman, D.S. Aga, R. J. Gilliom
2001, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (79) 185-198
Gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used in regional National Water Quality Assessment studies of the herbicides, 2,4-D and dicamba, in river water across the United States. The GC-MS method involved solid-phase extraction, derivatized with deuterated 2,4-D, and...
Nature reserves: Do they capture the full range of America's biological diversity?
J. M. Scott, Frank W. Davis, R.G. McGhie, R.G. Wright, C. Groves, John Estes
2001, Ecological Applications (11) 999-1007
Less than 6% of the coterminous United States is in nature reserves. Assessment of the occurrence of nature reserves across ranges of elevation and soil productivity classes indicates that nature reserves are most frequently found at higher elevations and on less productive soils. The distribution of plants and animals suggests...
Constraining controls on carbonate sequences with high-resolution chronostratigraphy: Upper Miocene, Cabo de Gata region, SE Spain
P. Montgomery, M.R. Farr, E. K. Franseen, R.H. Goldstein
2001, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (176) 11-45
A high-resolution chronostratigraphy has been developed for Miocene shallow-water carbonate strata in the Cabo de Gata region of SE Spain for evaluation of local, regional and global factors that controlled platform architecture prior to and during the Messinian salinity crisis. Paleomagnetic data were collected from strata at three localities. Mean...
Thermal maturity patterns in New York State using CAI and %Ro
D. J. Weary, R. T. Ryder, R.E. Nyahay
2001, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences (23) 356-376
New conodont alteration index (CAI) and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) data collected from drill holes in the Appalachian basin of New York State allow refinement of thermal maturity maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks. CAI isotherms on the new maps show a pattern that approximates that published by Harris et al....
Biogeochemistry of a treeline watershed, northwestern Alaska
R. Stottlemyer
2001, Journal of Environmental Quality (30) 1990-1998
Since 1950, mean annual temperatures in northwestern Alaska have increased. Change in forest floor and soil temperature or moisture could alter N mineralization rates, production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic nitrogen (DON), and their export to the aquatic ecosystem. In 1990, we began study of nutrient cycles in...
Latent outflow activity for western Tharsis, Mars: Significant flood record exposed
J. M. Dohm, R. C. Anderson, V.R. Baker, J.C. Ferris, L. P. Rudd, T.M. Hare, J. W. Rice Jr., R.R. Casavant, R.G. Strom, J. R. Zimbelman, D. H. Scott
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 12301-12314
Observations permitted by the newly acquired Mars Observer Laser Altimeter data have revealed a system of gigantic valleys northwest of the huge Martian shield volcano, Arsia Mons, in the western hemisphere of Mars (northwestern slope valleys (NSVs)). These features, which generally correspond spatially to gravity lows, are obscured by veneers...
Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles
Steven M. Matsuoka, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel R. Ruthrauff
2001, Canadian Journal of Zoology (79) 1678-1690
We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby...
Formation and transport of the sulfonic acid metabolites of alachlor and metolachlor in soil
D.S. Aga, E.M. Thurman
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 2455-2460
Alachlor and metolachlor are dechlorinated and transformed into their corresponding ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) metabolites in soil. In a field-disappearance study, it was shown that alachlor ESA was formed at a faster rate and at concentrations 2−4 times higher than metolachlor ESA, conforming with the observed longer...
Estimating repeatability of egg size
Paul L. Flint, R.F. Rockwell, J.S. Sedinger
2001, The Auk (118) 500-503
Measures of repeatability have long been used to assess patterns of variation in egg size within and among females. We compared different analytical approaches for estimating repeatability of egg size of Black Brant. Separate estimates of repeatability for eggs of each clutch size and laying sequence number varied from 0.49...
Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity
Bryan F.J. Manly, Joel A. Schmutz
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 258-270
The Mayfield method has been widely used for estimating survival of nests and young animals, especially when data are collected at irregular observation intervals. However, this method assumes survival is constant throughout the study period, which often ignores biologically relevant variation and may lead to biased survival estimates. We examined...
Relation between fish communities and riparian zone conditions at two spatial scales
K. E. Lee, R. M. Goldstein, P. E. Hanson
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1465-1473
The relation offish community composition to riparian cover at two spatial scales was compared at 18 streams in the agricultural Minnesota River Basin. The two spatial scales were: (1) local riparian zone (a 200 meter wide buffer extending 2 to 3 kilometers upstream of the sampling reach); and (2) the...
Methyl tert-butyl ether biodegradation by indigenous aquifer microorganisms under natural and artificial oxic conditions
J. E. Landmeyer, F. H. Chapelle, H.H. Herlong, P. M. Bradley
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 1118-1126
Microbial communities indigenous to a shallow groundwater system near Beaufort, SC, degraded milligram per liter concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) under natural and artificial oxic conditions. Significant MTBE biodegradation was observed where anoxic, MTBE-contaminated groundwater discharged to a concrete-lined ditch. In the anoxic groundwater adjacent to the...
Humboldt River main stem, Nevada
Eric Warmath, Rose L. Medina
2001, Report
This data set contains the main stem of the Humboldt River as defined by Humboldt Project personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey Nevada District, 2001. The data set was digitized on screen using digital orthophoto quadrangles from 1994....
Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides
E.M. Thurman, I. Ferrer, D. Barcelo
2001, Analytical Chemistry (73) 5441-5449
An evaluation of over 75 pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) clearly shows that different classes of pesticides are more sensitive using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or electrospray ionization (ESI). For example, neutral and basic pesticides (phenylureas, triazines) are more sensitive using APCI (especially positive ion). While...
Degradation of mangrove tissues and implications for peat formation in Belizean island forests
B.A. Middleton, K.L. McKee
2001, Journal of Ecology (89) 818-828
1. Macrofaunal leaf consumption and degradation of leaves, woody twigs and roots were studied in mangrove island forests on a Belizean island. Factors influencing accumulation of organic matter deposited both above and below ground in this oligotrophic, autochothonous system were assessed. 2. Leaf degradation rates of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove),...
Lithologies of the basement complex (Devonian and older) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska
Julie A. Dumoulin
David W. Houseknecht, editor(s)
2001, SEPM Core Workshop Notes (21) 201-214
Rocks of the basement complex (Devonian and older) were encountered in at least 30 exploratory wells in the northern part of the NPRA. Fine-grained, variably deformed sedimentary rocks deposited in a slope or basinal setting predominate and include varicolored (mainly red and green) argillite in the Simpson area, dark argillite...
Assessing an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock
C. R. Tiedeman, P. A. Hsieh
2001, Ground Water (39) 68-78
Use of open wells to conduct aquifer tests in fractured crystalline rock aquifers is potentially problematic, because open wells can hydraulically connect highly permeable fracture zones at different depths within the rock. Because of this effect, it is questionable whether estimates of the hydraulic properties of the rock obtained from...
Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice
Mark S. Udevitz, James R. Gilbert, Gennadii A. Fedoseev
2001, Marine Mammal Science (17) 601-616
The US and former USSR conducted joint surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice and at land haul-outs in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. One of the difficulties in interpreting results of these surveys has been that, except for the 1990 survey, the Americans and Soviets used different methods for...
Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea
M. Andersen, E. Lie, A.E. Derocher, S.E. Belikov, A. Bernhoft, Andrei N. Boltunov, G.W. Garner, J.U. Skaare, Øystein Wiig
2001, Polar Biology (24) 231-238
We present data on geographic variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard eastward to the Chukchi Sea. Blood samples from 90 free-living polar bears were collected in 1987–1995. Six PCB congeners, penta to octa chlorinated (PCB-99, -118, -153, -156, -180,...
Mars Global Surveyor observations of Martian fretted terrain
M. H. Carr
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 23571-23593
The Martian fretted terrain between latitudes 30° and 50°N and between 315° and 360°W has been reexamined in light of new Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data from Mars Global Surveyor. Much of the terrain in the 30°–50° latitude belt in both hemispheres has a...
Reappraisal of the federal fish health recommendation for disinfecting eggs of Atlantic salmon iodophor
R. C. Cipriano, B.M. Novak, D.E. Flint, D.C. Cutting
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 320-327
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service federal protocol for dual disinfection of fish eggs in 50 mg/L iodine solution for 30 min followed by a secondary disinfection in 100 mg/L iodine for 10 min was investigated during six spawning cycles of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar held at the Richard Cronin National Salmon...
Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonid fish
R. C. Cipriano, G. L. Bullock
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 96-104
In vitro studies indicated that commercially prepared transport systems containing Amies, Stuart's, and Cary–Blair media worked equally well in sustaining the viability of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida, which causes furunculosis. The bacterium remained viable without significant increase or decrease in cell numbers for as long as 48 h of incubation...
Thermal signature, eruption style, and eruption evolution at Pele and Pillan on Io
A. G. Davies, L. P. Keszthelyi, D.A. Williams, C. B. Phillips, A. S. McEwen, R. M. C. Lopes, W. D. Smythe, L.W. Kamp, L.A. Soderblom, R. W. Carlson
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (106) 33079-33103
The Galileo spacecraft has been periodically monitoring volcanic activity on Io since June 1996, making it possible to chart the evolution of individual eruptions. We present results of coanalysis of Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) and solid-state imaging (SSI) data of eruptions at Pele and Pillan, especially from a particularly illuminating...
Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings
Joel A. Schmutz, Bryan F.J. Manly, Christian P. Dau
2001, Journal of Wildlife Management (65) 248-257
Numbers of emperor geese (Chen canagica) have remained depressed since the mid-1980s. Despite increases in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), a primary predator of goslings, little information existed to assess whether recent patterns of gosling survival have been a major factor affecting population dynamics. We used observations of known families of...
