Automated ground-water monitoring with robowell-Case studies and potential applications
G.E. Granato, K.P. Smith
Jensen J LBurggraf L W, editor(s)
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Robowell is an automated system and method for monitoring ground-water quality. Robowell meets accepted manual-sampling protocols without high labor and laboratory costs. Robowell periodically monitors and records water-quality properties and constituents in ground water by pumping a well or multilevel sampler until one or more purge criteria have been met....
Spatial and temporal variation in diets of Spotted Owls in Washington
E.D. Forsman, I.A. Otto, S.G. Sovern, M. Taylor, D.W. Hays, H. Allen, S.L. Roberts, D.E. Seaman
2001, Journal of Raptor Research (35) 141-150
We studied diets of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in three different regions of Washington State during 1983-96. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) were the most important prey in most areas, comprising 29-54% of prey numbers and 45-59% of prey biomass. Other important prey included snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus),...
Water Resources Data, Alaska, Water Year 2000
D. F. Meyer, D.L. Hess, M.F. Schellekens, C. W. Smith, E.F. Snyder, G. L. Solin
2001, Water Data Report AK-00-1
Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for Alaska consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stages of lakes; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 106 gaging stations; stage or contents only at 4 gaging...
Short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral zone fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa
Clay Pierce, M. D. Sexton, M. E. Pelham, J. G. Larscheid
2001, American Midland Naturalist (146) 290-299
We assessed short-term variability and long-term change in the composition of the littoral fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa. Fish were sampled in several locations at night with large beach seines during spring, summer and fall of 1995–1998. Long-term changes were inferred from comparison with a similar study conducted over...
Buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters
R.W. Perry, N.S. Adams, D.W. Rondorf
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 46-52
We investigated the effect of two different sizes of surgically implanted transmitters on the buoyancy compensation of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. We determined buoyancy by measuring the density of fish with a filled air bladder in graded salinity baths. In addition, we examined the effect of pressure changes on...
Fungal symbiosis from mutualism to parasitism: who controls the outcome, host or invader?
R. S. Redman, D.D. Dunigan, R. J. Rodriguez
2001, New Phytologist (151) 705-716
Plant symbiotic fungi are generally thought to express a single lifestyle that might increase (mutualism), decrease (parasitism), or have no influence (commensalism) on host fitness. However, data are presented here demonstrating that plant pathogenic Colletotrichum species are able to asymptomatically colonize plants and express nonpathogenic lifestyles. Experiments were conducted in...
The Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 85, 2001 September
J. N. Grossman, J. Zipfel
2001, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (36)
Meteoritical Bulletin No. 85 lists information for 1376 newly classified meteorites, comprising 658 from Antarctica, 409 from Africa, 265 from Asia (262 of which are from Oman), 31 from North America, 7 from South America, 3 from Australia, and 3 from Europe. Information is provided for 11 falls (Dergaon, Dunbogan,...
Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations
M. D. Richardson, K.B. Briggs, L.D. Bibee, P.A. Jumars, W.B. Sawyer, D.B. Albert, R.H. Bennett, T.K. Berger, M.J. Buckingham, N.P. Chotiros, P.H. Dahl, N. T. DeWitt, P. Fleischer, R. Flood, C. F. Greenlaw, D. V. Holliday, M.H. Hulbert, M.P. Hutnak, P.D. Jackson, J.S. Jaffe, H. Paul Johnson, D. L. Lavoie, A.P. Lyons, C.S. Martens, D.E. McGehee, K.D. Moore, T.H. Orsi, J.N. Piper, R.I. Ray, A.H. Reed, R.F.L. Self, J.L. Schmidt, S.G. Schock, F. Simonet, R.D. Stoll, D. Tang, D.E. Thistle, E.I. Thorsos, D.J. Walter, R. A. Wheatcroft
2001, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (26) 26-53
A 1-km2 area located 2 km off the Florida Pan-handle (30??22.6???N; 86??38.7???W) was selected as the site to conduct high-frequency acoustic seafloor penetration, sediment propagation, and bottom scattering experiments [1]. Side scan, multibeam, and normal incidence chirp acoustic surveys as well as subsequent video surveys, diver observations, and vibra coring,...
The effect of community composition on persistence of prey with their predators in an assemblage of pond-breeding amphibians
S.C. Walls, M.C. Williams
2001, Oecologia (128) 134-141
We examined whether the species composition of a community influences the persistence of larval Ambystoma maculatum in assemblages composed of two larger intraguild predators (A. opacum and A. jeffersonianum) and an alternative prey species (tadpoles of Rana sylvatica). We predicted a priori that A. maculatum would have higher survival in...
The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA
R.W. Ojakangas, G. B. Morey, J.C. Green
2001, Sedimentary Geology (141-142) 421-442
Exposures in the Lake Superior region, and associated geophysical evidence, show that a 2000 km-long rift system developed within the North American craton ??? 1109-1087 Ma, the age span of the most of the volcanic rocks. This system is characterized by immense volumes of mafic igneous rocks, mostly subaerial plateau...
Fate and origin of 1,2-dichloropropane in an unconfined shallow aquifer
Anthony J. Tesoriero, F.E. Loffler, H. Liebscher
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 455-461
A shallow aquifer with different redox zones overlain by intensive agricultural activity was monitored for the occurrence of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) to assess the fate and origin of this pollutant. DCP was detected more frequently in groundwater samples collected in aerobic and nitrate-reducing zones than those collected from iron-reducing zones. Simulated...
Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons. IV. The pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)
M. N. DiLauro, R.A. Walsh, M. Peiffer, R. M. Bennett
2001, Canadian Journal of Zoology (79) 802-808
Sperm-cell morphology and ultrastructure in the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Metrics and structure were compared with similar metrics obtained from other published descriptions of sturgeon sperm cells. General morphology was found to be similar to that of sperm cells of the white...
Global occurrences of gas hydrate
K.A. Kvenvolden, T.D. Lorenson
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
Natural gas hydrate is found worldwide in sediments of outer continental margins of all oceans and in polar areas with continuous permafrost. There are currently 77 localities identified globally where geophysical, geochemical and/or geological evidence indicates the presence of gas hydrate. Details concerning individual gas-hydrate occurrences are compiled at a...
Characterization of dispersion, attenuation, and anisotropy at the Buena Vista Hills field, California
C.L. Hackert, J.O. Parra, R.L. Brown, H.A. Collier
2001, Geophysics (66) 90-96
We create a log of intrinsic dispersion and attenuation for the Antelope Shale formation of the Buena Vista Hills field, San Joaquin Valley, California. High dispersion (or low Q) values correlate with thin sand and carbonate beds within the Antelope Shale. These beds are at least ten times as permeable as...
Cytochrome P450 1A expression in midwater fishes: Potential effects of chemical contaminants in remote oceanic zones
John J. Stegeman, Jennifer J. Schlezinger, James E. Craddock, Donald E. Tillitt
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 54-62
Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction is a robust marker for exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. We examined CYP1A expression in mesopelagic fishes from the western North Atlantic. Individuals in 22 species were obtained from slope water and the Sargasso...
Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge
J. Warrillow, M. Culver, E. Hallerman, M. Vaughan
2001, Journal of Heredity (92) 226-233
The black bear population of the White River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is adjacent to populations of black bear in Louisiana (Urusus americanus luteolus) which are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wildlife management plans can pose restrictions on bear harvests and timber extraction; therefore the management...
Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline
R. M. Yager, J.C. Fountain
2001, Ground Water (39) 517-525
The specific storage of a porous medium, a function of the compressibility of the aquifer material and the fluid within it, is essentially constant under normal hydrologic conditions. Gases dissolved in ground water can increase the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer, however, during water level declines. This causes...
Production of stream habitat gradients by montane watersheds: Hypothesis tests based on spatially explicit path analyses
D.J. Isaak, W.A. Hubert
2001, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (58) 1089-1103
We studied how the features of mountain watersheds interact to cause gradients in three stream attributes: baseflow stream widths, total alkalinity, and stream slope. A priori hypotheses were developed before being tested in a series of path analyses using data from 90 stream reaches on 24 second- to fourth-order streams...
Backcountry water quality in Grand Teton National Park
N. Tippets, S. O'Ney, A.M. Farag
2001, Park Science (21) 25-27
Over the past several decades, visitor use of the backcountry areas of Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming) has dramatically increased. The water quality of clear, sparkling mountain streams and lakes is being impacted by concentrated recreational use where, because of the potential for future wilderness designation, no restroom facilities are...
Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA
J.L. Betancourt, Kate Aasen Rylander, C. Penalba, J.L. McVickar
2001, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (165) 71-95
South-central New Mexico, USA, at the junction of the Rocky Mountains, High Plains and Chihuahuan Desert, is one of the better known regions in the late Quaternary of North America. Plant macrofossils and pollen from a packrat midden series in Rough Canyon, New Mexico allows refinement of plant distributions and...
Geoarchaeology at Gilman Falls: An Archaic Quarry and Manufacturing Site in Central Maine, U.S.A
D. Sanger, A.R. Kelley, H. N. Berry IV
2001, Geoarchaeology - An International Journal (16) 633-665
Interdisciplinary investigations at the Milford Reservoir, central Maine, resulted in excavation and analysis of a Middle Archaic quarry and manufacturing site at Gilman Falls, dated to between 7300 and 6300 yr B.P. Lithological analysis indicates that the majority of the artifacts came from very local outcrops, providing low-grade metamorphic rocks....
Three-parameter AVO crossplotting in anisotropic media
Chen Hao, J.P. Castagna, R.L. Brown, A.C.B. Ramos
2001, Geophysics (66) 1359-1363
Amplitude versus offset (AVO) interpretation can be facilitated by crossplotting AVO intercept (A), gradient (B), and curvature (C) terms. However, anisotropy, which exists in the real world, usually complicates AVO analysis. Recognizing anisotropic behavior on AVO crossplots can help avoid AVO interpretation errors.Using a modification to a three-term (A, B, and C)...
Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot
N.M. Beeler
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 3353-3356
To model dissipated and radiated energy during earthquake stress drop, I calculate dynamic fault slip using a single degree of freedom spring-slider block and a laboratory-based static/kinetic fault strength relation with a dynamic stress drop proportional to effective normal stress. The model is scaled to earthquake size assuming a circular...
Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments
J.M. Holloway, R.A. Dahlgren
2001, Journal of Hydrology (250) 106-121
Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into...
Petrographic and geochemical evidence for the formation of primary, bacterially induced lacustrine dolomite: La Roda 'white earth' (Pliocene, Central Spain)
Del Garcia, M.A. Cura, J. P. Calvo, S. Ordonez, B.F. Jones, J.C. Canaveras
2001, Sedimentology (48) 897-915
Upper Pliocene dolomites ('white earth') from La Roda, Spain, offer a good opportunity to evaluate the process of dolomite formation in lakes. The relatively young nature of the deposits could allow a link between dolomites precipitated in modern lake systems and those present in older lacustrine formations. The La Roda...
