Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction
W. R. Hansen, Sean E. Brown, S.W. Nashold, D.L. Knudson
1999, Avian Diseases (43) 106-115
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detecting duck plague virus. A 765-bp EcoRI fragment cloned from the genome of the duck plague vaccine (DP-VAC) virus was sequenced for PCR primer development. The fragment sequence was found by GenBank alignment searches...
Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system
S. Gutreuter, A.D. Bartels, K. Irons, M.B. Sandheinrich
1999, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (56) 2282-2291
The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that annual inundation is the principal force responsible for productivity and biotic interactions in river-floodplain systems. Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with...
Killing of a muskox, Ovibos moschatus, by two wolves, Canis lupis, and subsequent caching
L. David Mech, Layne G. Adams
1999, Canadian Field-Naturalist (113) 673-675
The killing of a cow Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) by two Wolves (Canis lupus) in 5 minutes during summer on Ellesmere Island is described. After two of the four feedings observed, one Wolf cached a leg and regurgitated food as far as 2.3 km away and probably farther. The implications of...
Density and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and west-central Minnesota
Rolf R. Koford
1999, Studies in Avian Biology (19) 187-195
The Conservation Reserve Program, initiated in 1985, was designed primarily to reduce soil erosion and crop surpluses. A secondary benefit was the provision of habitat for wildlife. Grassland bird populations, many of which declined in the decades prior to the Conservation Reserve Program, may have benefited from the Conservation Reserve...
The idea of magma mixing: History of a struggle for acceptance
R.E. Wilcox
1999, Journal of Geology (107) 421-432
In 1851, chemist Robert Bunsen suggested that the mixing of two magmas, one mafic and the other felsic, in various proportions might account for the wide range of chemical compositions of igneous rocks. Based on flaws in several of its secondary provisions, the whole hypothesis was rejected by a succession...
Interaction of ambient conditions and fecal coliform bacteria in southern Lake Michigan beach waters: Monitoring program implications
Richard L. Whitman, Meredith Becker Nevers, Paul J. Gerovac
1999, Natural Areas Journal (19) 166-171
Excessive fecal coliform bacteria in public swimming waters can potentially threaten visitor health. Fecal coliform bacteria (1984-1989) and Escherichia coli (1990-1995) density were monitored weekly at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore beaches for 12 summers, and park officials closed swimming areas when fecal coliform density exceeded the state water quality...
The types of data needed for assessing the environmental and human health impacts of coal
R. B. Finkelman, P.M.K. Gross
1999, International Journal of Coal Geology (40) 91-101
Coal is one of the most important sources of energy. Its worldwide use will continue to expand during the next several decades, particularly in rapidly developing countries such as China and India. Unfortunately, coal use may bring with it environmental and human health costs. Many of the environmental and health...
Methods for developing time-series climate surfaces to drive topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models
D. Susong, D. Marks, D. Garen
1999, Hydrological Processes (13) 2003-2021
Topographically distributed energy- and water-balance models can accurately simulate both the development and melting of a seasonal snowcover in the mountain basins. To do this they require time-series climate surfaces of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and solar and thermal radiation. If data are...
Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau
D.R. Wunsch, J.S. Dinger, C.D.R. Graham
1999, International Journal of Coal Geology (41) 73-106
Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage...
General geology and geomorphology of the Mars Pathfinder landing site
A. W. Ward, Lisa R. Gaddis, Randolph L. Kirk, Laurence A. Soderblom, K. L. Tanaka, M.P. Golombek, T. J. Parker, Ronald Greeley, R.O. Kuzmin
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8555-8571
The Mars Pathfinder (MPF) spacecraft landed on relatively young (late Hesperian-early Amazonian; 3.1-0.7 Ga) plains in Chryse Planitia near the mouth of Ares Vallis. Images returned from the spacecraft reveal a complex landscape of ridges and troughs, large hills and crater rims, rocks and boulders of various sizes and shapes,...
International river basins of the world
Aaron T. Wolf, Jeffrey A. Natharius, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Brian S. Ward, Jan K. Pender
1999, International Journal of Water Resources Development (15) 387-427
It is becoming acknowledged that water is likely to be the most pressing environmental concern of the next century. Difficulties in river basin management are only exacerbated when the resource crosses international boundaries. One critical aid in the assessment of international waters has been the Register of International Rivers a...
Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks
K. G. McCracken, J. Harshman, D. A. Mcclellan, A. D. Afton
1999, Systematic Biology (48) 683-714
The unwitting inclusion of convergent characters in phylogenetic estimates poses a serious problem for efforts to recover phylogeny. Convergence is not inscrutable, however, particularly when one group of characters tracks phylogeny and another set tracks adaptive history. In such cases, convergent characters may be correlated with one or a few...
A record of hydrocarbon input to San Francisco Bay as traced by biomarker profiles in surface sediment and sediment cores
F. D. Hostettler, W. E. Pereira, K.A. Kvenvolden, A. VanGeen, S. N. Luoma, C. C. Fuller, R. Anima
1999, Marine Chemistry (64) 115-127
San Francisco Bay is one of the world's largest urbanized estuarine systems. Its water and sediment receive organic input from a wide variety of sources; much of this organic material is anthropogenically derived. To document the spatial and historical record of the organic contaminant input, surficial sediment from 17 sites...
Taxonomic status of Myotis occultus
E.W. Valdez, Jerry R. Choate, M.A. Bogan, Terry L. Yates
1999, Journal of Mammalogy (80) 545-552
The taxonomic status of the Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus) is uncertain. Although the taxon was described as a distinct species and currently is regarded as such by some authors, others have noted what they interpreted as intergradation with the little brown bat (M. lucifugus carissima) near the Colorado-New Mexico state...
Depositional and diagenetic history and petroleum geology of the Jurassic Norphlet Formation of the Alabama coastal waters area and adjacent federal waters area
R.L. Kugler, R.M. Mink
1999, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (17) 215-232
The discovery of deep (>20,000 ft) gas reservoirs in eolian sandstone of the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in Mobile Bay and offshore Alabama in the late 1970s represents one of the most significant hydrocarbon discoveries in the nation during the past several decades. Estimated original proved gas from Norphlet reservoirs...
Occurrence and behavior of the herbicide Prometon in the hydrologic system
P. D. Capel, A.H. Spexet, S.J. Larson
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 674-680
Prometon, a triazine herbicide, is used for total vegetation control on industrial sites, on noncrop areas on farms, in and under asphalt, and to a small extent by homeowners. Prometon has often been detected in surface water and groundwater in studies reported in the literature, but its presence is seldom...
Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin
Charles A. Bowen II, Charles R. Bronte, Ray L. Argyle, Jean V. Adams, James E. Johnson
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 929-938
Aragonite is the normal form of calcium carbonate found in teleost otoliths, but it is sometimes replaced by vaterite, an alternate crystalline structure. We investigated the assumption that sagittal otoliths with vaterite replacement were unique to stocked lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Earlier studies had attributed these abnormalities...
Observations at the Mars Pathfinder site: Do they provide "unequivocal" evidence of catastrophic flooding?
M. G. Chapman, J.S. Kargel
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8671-8678
After Mars Pathfinder landed at the mouth of Ares Valus, a large channel that drains into the Chryse Planitia basin, the mission reports unanimously supported the interpretation that the lander site is the locus of catastrophic flooding by noting that all aspects of the scene are consistent with this interpretation....
Stratigraphic framework and heavy minerals of the continental shelf of Onslow and Long Bays, North Carolina
Charles W. Hoffman, Andrew E. Grosz, John G. Nickerson
1999, Marine Georesources and Geotechnology (17) 173-184
One hundred fourteen vibracores from the Atlantic continental shelf offshore of southeastern North Carolina were opened, described, and processed over several contract years (years 6-9) of the Minerals Management Service-Association of American State Geologists Continental Margins program. Reports for years 9 and 10 of the program compiled the results of...
Natural regeneration and growth of Taxodium distichum (L.) rich. In Lake Chicot, Louisiana after 44 years of flooding
B. D. Keeland, W.H. Conner
1999, Wetlands (19) 149-155
Lake Chicot, in south central Louisiana, USA, was created in 1943 by the impoundment of Chicot Bayou. Extensive establishment of woody seedlings occurred in the lake during a 1.5 year period, including the growing seasons of both 1986 and 1987, when the reservoir was drained for repair work on the...
Root and shoot responses of Taxodium distichum seedlings subjected to saline flooding
K. W. Krauss, J. L. Chambers, J. A. Allen, B.P. Luse, A.S. DeBosier
1999, Environmental and Experimental Botany (41) 15-23
Variation among progeny of five half-sib family collections of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from three freshwater and two brackish-water seed sources subjected to saline flooding was evaluated Mini-rhizotrons (slant tubes) were used to monitor root elongation for a period of 99 days. Salinity level produced significant effects across all baldcypress half-sib...
Deformation and quaternary faulting in southeast Missouri across the Commerce geophysical lineament
W. J. Stephenson, J. K. Odum, R. A. Williams, T. L. Pratt, R.W. Harrison, D. Hoffman
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 140-155
High-resolution seismic-reflection data acquired at three sites along the surface projection of the Commerce geophysical lineament in southeast Missouri reveal a complex history of post-Cretaceous faulting that has continued into the Quaternary. Near Qulin, Missouri, approximately 20 m of apparent vertical fault displacement has occurred in the Quaternary. Reflection data...
Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States
L.G. Nico, P.L. Fuller
1999, Fisheries (24) 16-27
In 1978 biologists in Gainesville, Florida, began compiling records on the distribution and status of nonindigenous fishes known in U.S. inland waters. The database, now in electronic format, currently contains approximately 17,000 records representing more than 500 nonindigenous fish taxa (i.e., species, hybrids, and unidentified forms). Of these taxa, 317...
Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises
IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols, Chris Newhall, Shigeo Aramaki, Franco Barberi, Russell Blong, Marta Calvache, Jean-Louis Cheminee, Raymundo Punongbayan, Claus Siebe, Tom Simkin, Stephen Sparks, Wimpy Tjetjep
1999, Bulletin of Volcanology (60) 323-334
Stress during volcanic crises is high, and any friction between scientists can distract seriously from both humanitarian and scientific effort. Friction can arise, for example, if team members do not share all of their data, if differences in scientific interpretation erupt into public controversy, or if one scientist begins work...
Numerical model of a tracer test on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, California
Tracy Nishikawa, Katherine S. Paybins, John A. Izbicki, Eric G. Reichard
1999, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (35) 133-142
To better understand the flow processes, solute-transport processes, and ground-water/surface-water interactions on the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, California, a 24-hour fluorescent-dye tracer study was performed under steady-state flow conditions on a 45-km reach of the river. The study reach includes perennial (uppermost and lowermost) subreaches and ephemeral subreaches...
