Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange
C.R. Tobias, J. W. Harvey, I.C. Anderson
2001, Limnology and Oceanography (46) 604-615
Because groundwater discharge along coastal shorelines is often concentrated in zones inhabited by fringing wetlands, accurately estimating discharge is essential for understanding its effect on the function and maintenance of these ecosystems. Most previous estimates of groundwater discharge to coastal wetlands have been temporally limited and have used only a...
Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
C.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Lee, Huaibao P. Liu, D. K. Keefer, R.W. Jibson
2001, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (91) 953-958
The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake triggered numerous landslides throughout a large area in the Central Range, to the east, southeast, and south of the fault rupture. Among them are two large rock avalanches, at Tsaoling and at Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan. At Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan, the entire thickness (30-50 m) of the Miocene Changhukeng Shale...
Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands
C.S. Rogers, V.H. Garrison
2001, Bulletin of Marine Science (69) 793-803
In October 1988, a cruise ship dropped its anchor on a coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, creating a distinct scar roughly 128 m long and 3 m wide from a depth of 22 m to a depth of 6 m. The anchor pulverized coral colonies and...
Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site
T. J. O'Shea, A. L. Everette, L.E. Ellison
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 112-120
Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) National Wildlife Area, near Denver, Colorado, is a Superfund site contaminated by past military and industrial uses, including pesticide manufacturing. From an ecosystem standpoint, the most critical contaminants at RMA are certain cyclodiene insecticides and metabolites, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, arsenic, and mercury. Bats are important...
Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume
I.M. Cozzarelli, B.A. Bekins, M.J. Baedecker, G. R. Aiken, R.P. Eganhouse, M.E. Tuccillo
2001, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (53) 369-385
A 16-year study of a hydrocarbon plume shows that the extent of contaminant migration and compound-specific behavior have changed as redox reactions, most notably iron reduction, have progressed over time. Concentration changes at a small scale, determined from analysis of pore-water samples drained from aquifer cores, are compared with concentration changes at...
Climate logging with a new rapid optical technique at siple dome
R.C. Bay, P.B. Price, G.D. Clow, A. J. Gow
2001, Geophysical Research Letters (28) 4635-4638
The dust logger design is based on a decade of experience in the use of light sources to measure optical properties of deep Antarctic ice. Light is emitted at the top of the instrument by side-directed LEDs, scattered or absorbed by dust in the ice surrounding the borehole, and collected...
Moss and lichen cover mapping at local and regional scales in the boreal forest ecosystem of central Canada
G. Rapalee, L. T. Steyaert, F.G. Hall
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (106) 33551-33563
Mosses and lichens are important components of boreal landscapes [Vitt et al., 1994; Bubier et al., 1997]. They affect plant productivity and belowground carbon sequestration and alter the surface runoff and energy balance. We report the use of multiresolution satellite data to map moss and lichens over the BOREAS region...
The Permian-Triassic boundary & mass extinction in China
I. Metcalfe, R.S. Nicoll, R. Mundil, C. Foster, J. Glen, J. Lyons, W. Xiaofeng, W. Cheng-Yuan, P.R. Renne, L. Black, Q. Xun, M. Xiaodong
2001, Episodes (24) 239-244
The first appearance of Hindeodus parvus (Kozur & Pjatakova) at the Permian-Triassic (P-T) GSSP level (base of Bed 27c) at Meishan is here confirmed. Hindeodus changxingensis Wang occurs from Beds 26 to 29 at Meishan and appears to be restricted to the narrow boundary interval immediately above the main mass...
Chlorinated hydrocarbons and biomarkers of exposure in wading birds and fish of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas
S.E. Wainwright, M.A. Mora, J.L. Sericano, P. Thomas
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 101-111
During 1997 we evaluated reproductive success in colonial water birds nesting in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas, and correlated success with concentrations of contaminants in eggs. We also measured steroid hormones and gonadosomatic index (GSI) as biomarkers of endocrine effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Nest and fledging...
Natural-gas hydrates: Resource of the twenty-first century?
T. S. Collett
2001, AAPG Memoir (74) 85-108
Although considerable uncertainty and disagreement prevail concerning the world's gas-hydrate resources, the estimated amount of gas in those gas-hydrate accumulations greatly exceeds the volume of known conventional gas reserves. However, the role that gas hydrates will play in contributing to the world's energy requirements will ultimately depend less on the...
Seedling mortality in Hawaiian rain forest: The role of small-scale physical disturbance
Donald R. Drake, Linda W. Pratt
2001, Biotropica (33) 319-323
Most montane rain forests on the island of Hawaii consist of a closed canopy formed by Cibotium spp. tree ferns beneath an open canopy of emergent Metrosideros polymorpha trees. We used artificial seedlings to assess the extent to which physical disturbance caused by the senescing fronds of tree ferns and the activities of feral...
Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements
P. Segall, Peter Cervelli, S. Owen, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 19301-19317
The January 1997 East Rift Zone eruption on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, occurred within a network of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The GPS measurements reveal the temporal history of deformation during dike intrusion, beginning ∼8 hours prior to the onset of the eruption. The dike volume as a function...
Sample-size requirements for evaluating population size structure
J.C. Vokoun, C.F. Rabeni, J.S. Stanovick
2001, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (21) 660-665
A method with an accompanying computer program is described to estimate the number of individuals needed to construct a sample length-frequency with a given accuracy and precision. First, a reference length-frequency assumed to be accurate for a particular sampling gear and collection strategy was constructed. Bootstrap procedures created length-frequencies with...
Empirical assessment of indices of prey importance in the diets of predacious fish
H. Liao, C.L. Pierce, J. G. Larscheid
2001, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (130) 583-591
Determining the importance of prey taxa in the diets of predacious species is a frequent objective in fisheries research. Various indices of prey importance are in common use, and all give different results because of their emphasis on different aspects of fish diets. We explored these differences by empirically comparing...
Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida
P.W. Swarzenski, C. D. Reich, R. M. Spechler, J. L. Kindinger, W.S. Moore
2001, Chemical Geology (179) 187-202
A spectacular submarine spring is located about 4 km east of Crescent Beach, FL, in the Atlantic Ocean. The single vent feature of Crescent Beach Spring provides a unique opportunity to examine onshore–offshore hydrogeologic processes, as well as point source submarine ground water discharge. The Floridan aquifer system in...
In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination
R. L. Smith, D.N. Miller, M. H. Brooks, M.A. Widdowson, M.W. Killingstad
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 196-203
In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and...
Reproductive ecology and demography of the 'Akohekohe
John C. Simon, Thane K. Pratt, Kim E. Berlin, James R. Kowalsky
2001, Condor (103) 736-745
The ‘Ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the montane rain forests of east Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. We investigated ‘Ākohekohe nesting ecology using color-banded birds for the first time as a background to understanding the species' conservation. From 1994–1997, we color-banded 78 individuals, located and...
Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies
K.M. Larson, Peter Cervelli, M. Lisowski, Asta Mikijus, P. Segall, S. Owen
2001, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (106) 19453-19464
Permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) networks are routinely used for producing improved orbits and monitoring secular tectonic deformation. For these applications, data are transferred to an analysis center each day and routinely processed in 24-hour segments. To use GPS for monitoring volcanic events, which may last only a few hours,...
Negligible risk associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) endemic area
S. E. LaPatra, W.N. Batts, K. Overturf, G.N. Jones, W. D. Shewmaker, J. R. Winton
2001, Journal of Fish Diseases (24) 399-408
To assess the risk of transmission of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) associated with the movement of processed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from an area where the virus is endemic, 240 freshly eviscerated fish (225-500 g) exhibiting spinal curvature or spinal compression types of deformities were tested for IHNV by...
Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon
D.G. Elliott, R.J. Pascho
2001, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (13) 181-193
Binary coded wire tags (CWTs) are used extensively for identification and management of anadromous salmonid populations. A study of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in two brood year groups of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha provided strong evidence that horizontal transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of BKD, might...
Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996
Brian A. Bergamaschi, Kathryn Kuivila, Miranda S. Fram
2001, Estuaries (24) 368-380
Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide...
Locating earthquakes: At what distance can the Earth no longer be treated as flat?
J.A. Snoke, J.C. Lahr
2001, Seismological Research Letters (72) 538-541
No abstract available....
A metadata initiative for global information discovery
E. Christian
2001, Government Information Quarterly (18) 209-221
The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society's information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the...
Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range
John A. Moody, Deborah A. Martin
2001, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (26) 1049-1070
A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval...
Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping method
M.G. Rupert
2001, Ground Water (39) 625-630
Ground water vulnerability maps developed using the DRASTIC method have been produced in many parts of the world. Comparisons of those maps with actual ground water quality data have shown that the DRASTIC method is typically a poor predictor of ground water contamination. This study significantly improved the effectiveness of...
