Contaminants in ospreys from the Pacific Northwest: I. Trends and patterns in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans in eggs and plasma
J. E. Elliott, M. M. Machmer, Charles J. Henny, L. K. Wilson, R. J. Norstrom
1998, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (35) 620-631
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs were collected from 1991 to 1997 at nests (n = 121) upstream and downstream of bleached kraft pulp mills and at reference sites in the Fraser and Columbia River drainage systems of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Blood samples were collected from nestling ospreys during the 1992 breeding...
Epizootic vacuolar myelinopathy of the central nervous system of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and American coots (Fulica americana)
N. J. Thomas, C.U. Meteyer, L. Sileo
1998, Veterinary Pathology (35) 479-487
Unprecedented mortality occurred in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) at DeGray Lake, Arkansas, during the winters of 1994-1995 and 1996-1997. The first eagles were found dead during November, soon after arrival from fall migration, and deaths continued into January during both episodes. In total, 29 eagles died at or near DeGray...
Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure
Ruth A. Harris, Robert W. Simpson
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (103) 24439-24451
Stress shadows generated by California's two most recent great earthquakes (1857 Fort Tejon and 1906 San Francisco) substantially modified 19th and 20th century earthquake history in the Los Angeles basin and in the San Francisco Bay area. Simple Coulomb failure calculations, which assume that earthquakes can be modeled as static...
Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass
Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, David A. Pyke, M. M. Caldwell, Susan Durham
1998, Ecology (79) 2267-2280
Clonal plant foraging has been examined primarily on individual clones exposed to resource-poor and resource-rich environments. We designed an experiment to examine the clonal foraging behavior of the rhizomatous grass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus under the influence of neighboring plant root systems in a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Individual Elymus clones were planted in large bins together...
Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996
W. J. Andrews, A. L. Fong, Leigh Harrod, M. E. Dittes
1998, Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4248
In the spring of 1996, the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program drilled 30 shallow monitoring wells in a study area characterized by urban residential and commercial land uses. The monitoring wells were installed in sandy river-terrace deposits adjacent to the Mississippi River in...
Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: Implications for the study of coloniality
Etienne Danchin, T. Boulinier, M. Massot
1998, Ecology (79) 2415-2428
Habitat selection is a crucial process in the life cycle of animals because it can affect most components of fitness. It has been proposed that some animals cue on the reproductive success of conspecifics to select breeding habitats. We tested this hypothesis with demographic and behavioral data from a 17-yr...
Anaerobic benzene oxidation in the Fe(III) reduction zone of petroleum-contaminated aquifers
Robert T. Anderson, Juliette N. Rooney-Varga, Catherine V. Gaw, Derek R. Lovley
1998, Environmental Science & Technology (32) 1222-1229
The potential for anaerobic benzene oxidation in the Fe(III)-reduction zone of petroleum-contaminated aquifers was evaluated. Sediments were incubated under strict anaerobic conditions without any amendments in order to simulate in situ conditions. [14C]Benzene was not oxidized to 14CO2 at most sites examined, which...
Effects of landcover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Plate Basin
Jill Baron, M.D. Hartman, Timothy G.F. Kittel, L.E. Band, D. S. Ojima, R.B. Lammers
1998, Ecological Applications (8) 1037-1051
Over one-third of the land area in the South Platte Basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming, has been converted to croplands. Irrigated cropland now comprises 8% of the basin, while dry croplands make up 31%. We used the RHESSys model to compare the changes in plant productivity and vegetation-related hydrological...
Analysis and simulation of reactive transport of metal contaminants in ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona
James G. Brown, R. L. Bassett, Pierre D. Glynn
1998, Journal of Hydrology (209) 225-250
Large-scale mining activities have generated a plume of acidic ground water more than 15 km long in the regional aquifer of the Pinal Creek Basin. A one-dimensional reactive-transport model was developed using PHREEQC to aid in the analysis of transport and chemical processes in the plume and to determine the uses...
Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Pesticides and other synthetic organic compounds in water, sediment, and biota, 1975-90
Daniel J. Sullivan, Troy W. Stinson, J. Kent Crawford, Arthur R. Schmidt, John A. Colman
1998, Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4135
The distribution of pesticides and other synthetic organic compounds in water, sediment, and biota in the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin was examined from 1987 through 1990 as part of the pilot National Water-Quality Assesssment Program conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Historical data for water...
Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1996
John E. Gray, James R. Riehle, editor(s)
1998, Professional Paper 1595
This collection of 12 papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on geologic investigations in Alaska. The annual volume presents results from new or ongoing studies in Alaska that are of interest to scientists in academia, industry, land and resource managers, and the general public. The...
Overview of a workshop on screening methods for detecting potential (anti-) estrogenic/androgenic chemicals in wildlife
Gerald T. Ankley, Ellen Mihaich, Ralph G. Stahl, Donald E. Tillitt, Theo Colborn, Suzzanne McMaster, Ron Miller, John Bantle, Pamela Campbell, Nancy Denslow, Richard L. Dickerson, Leroy C. Folmar, Michael Fry, John P. Giesy, L. Earl Gray, Patrick Guiney, Thomas Hutchinson, Sean W. Kennedy, Vincent Kramer, Gerald A. LeBlanc, Monte Mayes, Alison Nimrod, Reynaldo Patino, Richard Peterson, Richard Purdy, Robert Ringer, Peter C. Thomas, Les Touart, Glen Van Der Kraak, Tim Zacharewski
1998, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (17) 68-87
The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to develop, validate, and implement screening tests for identifying potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals within 3 years. To aid in the identification of methods suitable for this purpose, the U.S. EPA, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and the World...
The influence of extraction procedure on ion concentrations in sediment pore water
P. V. Winger, P. J. Lasier, B. P. Jackson
1998, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (35) 8-13
Sediment pore water has the potential to yield important information on sediment quality, but the influence of isolation procedures on the chemistry and toxicity are not completely known and consensus on methods used for the isolation from sediment has not been reached. To provide additional insight into the influence of...
The San Gabriel Mountains bright reflective zone: Possible evidence of young mid-crustal thrust faulting in southern California
T. Ryberg, G. S. Fuis
1998, Tectonophysics (286) 31-46
During the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), a reflection/refraction survey was conducted along a line extending northeastward from Seal Beach, California, to the Mojave Desert, crossing the Los Angeles basin and San Gabriel Mountains. Shots and receivers were spaced most densely through the San Gabriel Mountains for the purpose...
Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl
W. Nelson Beyer, J. Christian Franson, Lou N. Locke, R. K. Stroud, L. Sileo
1998, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (35) 506-512
Between 1983 and 1986 the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) conducted a nationwide study of lead poisoning of waterfowl from federal and state refuges. This survey was done to assist in identifying zones with lead-poisoning problems. One thousand forty one moribund or dead waterfowl were collected and examined. The presence...
Evidence for large prehistoric earthquakes in the northern New Madrid seismic zone, central United States
Y. Li, E.S. Schweig, M.P. Tuttle, M.A. Ellis
1998, Seismological Research Letters (69) 270-276
We surveyed the area north of New Madrid, Missouri, for prehistoric liquefaction deposits and uncovered two new sites with evidence of pre-1811 earthquakes. At one site, located about 20 km northeast of New Madrid, Missouri, radiocarbon dating indicates that an upper sand blow was probably deposited after A.D. 1510 and...
Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years: Features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data
P. J. Bartlein, K. H. Anderson, P. M. Anderson, M. E. Edwards, C. J. Mock, Robert S. Thompson, R. S. Webb, T. Webb III, C. Whitlock
1998, Quaternary Science Reviews (17) 549-585
Maps of upper-level and surface winds and of surface temperature and precipitation illustrate the results of a sequence of global paleoclimatic simulations spanning the past 21,000 yr for North America. We review (a) the large-scale features of circulation, temperature, and precipitation that appear in the simulations from the NCAR Community Climate...
More than one way to stretch: A tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range Province
Tom Parsons, George A. Thompson, R.P. Smith
1998, Tectonics (17) 221-234
The eastern Snake River Plain of southern Idaho poses a paradoxical problem because it is nearly aseismic and unfaulted although it appears to be actively extending in a SW-NE direction continuously with the adjacent block-faulted Basin and Range Province. The plain represents the 100-km-wide track of the Yellowstone hotspot during...
Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood
Joseph D. Kaplan, Michael W. Meyer, Peter S. Reaman, W. Emmett Braselton, A. Major, Neil Burgess, Anton M. Scheuhammer
1998, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (17) 173-183
The common loon (Gavia immer) is a high‐trophic‐level, long‐lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (n = 455) and blood (n = 381) samples from adult loons were collected between June and September in five regions of North America: Alaska,...
Environmental modification of gillraker number in coregonine fishes
Thomas N. Todd
1998, Book chapter, Biology and management of Coregonid fishes-1996
Gillraker number, one of the most important taxonomic characters in the Coregoninae, has been considered genetically determined and not environmentally modifiable. However, laboratory-reared progeny of Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zenithicus, and Prosopium cylindraceum generally had fewer gillrakers than the wild parents from which...
Use of restored riparian habitat by the endangered least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus)
B.E. Kus
1998, Restoration Ecology (6) 75-82
A primary objective of riparian restoration in California is the creation of habitat for endangered species. Four restoration sites in San Diego County were monitored between 1989 and 1993 and evaluated for their suitability as nesting habitat for Vireo bellii pusillus (Least Bell's Vireo), a state and federally endangered obligate riparian breeder....
Mechanism of smoke-induced seed germination in a post-fire chaparral annual
Jon E. Keeley, C. J. Fotheringham
1998, Journal of Ecology (86) 27-36
1 Smoke-stimulated germination in the post-fire flora of California chaparral does not appear to be triggered by nitrate. Application of freshly prepared unbuffered KNO3 solutions (pH c. 6.2) failed to enhance germination of five populations of Emmenanthe penduliflora or one Phacelia grandiflora population, regardless of light or stratification conditions.2 KNO3 buffered at acidic pH (or unbuffered solutions equilibrated with atmospheric...
Long term trends liver neoplasm epizootics of brown bullhead in the Black River, Ohio
P. C. Baumann, J.C. Harshbarger
1998, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (53) 213-223
Since 1980, liver neoplasms in brown bullhead and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment have been researched in a series of studies on the Black River in Lorain, Ohio. In the early 1980s the liver cancer prevalence in fish of age 3 and older was high, ranging from 22% to...
Sampling benthic macroinvertebrates in a large flood-plain river: Considerations of study design, sample size, and cost
L.A. Bartsch, W. B. Richardson, T.J. Naimo
1998, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (52) 425-439
Estimation of benthic macroinvertebrate populations over large spatial scales is difficult due to the high variability in abundance and the cost of sample processing and taxonomic analysis. To determine a cost-effective, statistically powerful sample design, we conducted an exploratory study of the spatial variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in a 37...
Human versus lightning ignition of presettlement surface fires in costal pine forests of the upper Great Lakes
Walter L. Loope, John B. Anderton
1998, American Midland Naturalist (140) 206-218
To recover direct evidence of surface fires before European settlement, we sectioned fire-scarred logging-era stumps and trees in 39 small, physically isolated sand patches along the Great Lakes coast of northern Michigan and northern Wisconsin. While much information was lost to postharvest fire and stump deterioration, 147 fire-free intervals revealed...
