Enhancements of nonpoint source monitoring of volatile organic compounds in ground water
W.W. Lapham, M.J. Moran, J.S. Zogorski
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 1321-1334
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a national retrospective data set of analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water of the United States. The data are from Federal, State, and local nonpoint-source monitoring programs, collected between 1985–95. This data set is being used to augment data...
Thinking outside the lines: Parks and the quality of life in area communities
J. G. Taylor, N. Burkardt, L. Caughlan, B. L. Lamb
2000, Park Science (20) 14-17
Many national parks, national forests, and other public land units exist in highly changeable regional environments. Often the parks and forests themselves serve as important catalysts of change in the levels of tourism, outdoor recreation participation, and contribution of traveling publics to local and regional economies. Resource managers...
Would ecological landscape restoration make the Bandelier Wilderness more or less of a wilderness?
C.A. Sydoriak, Craig D. Allen, Brian F. Jacobs
2000, Wild Earth (10) 83-90
Is it appropriate to intervene in designated wilderness areas that have been "untrammeled by man" and, as a result, no longer retain their "primeval character and influence" as called for in the 1964 Wilderness Act? We explore this wilderness management dilemma - whether we can or should actively manage wilderness...
Using new video mapping technology in landscape ecology
T.J. Stohlgren, Margot W. Kaye, A.D. McCrumb, Yuka Otsuki, B. Pfister, C.A. Villa
2000, BioScience (50) 529-536
Biological and ecological monitoring continues to play an important role in the conservation of species, natural communities, and landscapes (Spellerberg 1991). Although resource-monitoring programs have advanced knowledge about natural ecosystems, weaknesses persist in our ability to rapidly transfer landscape-scale information to the public. Ecologists continue...
Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?
N.B. Kotliar
2000, Conservation Biology (14) 1715-1721
It has been suggested that the keystone-species concept should be dropped from ecology and conservation, primarily because the concept is poorly defined. This prompted Power et al. (1996) to refine the definition: keystone species have large effects on community structure or ecosystem function (i.e., high overall importance), and this effect...
Using multi-scale sampling and spatial cross-correlation to investigate patterns of plant species richness
M. A. Kalkhan, T.J. Stohlgren
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 591-605
Land managers need better techniques to assess exoticplant invasions. We used the cross-correlationstatistic, IYZ, to test for the presence ofspatial cross-correlation between pair-wisecombinations of soil characteristics, topographicvariables, plant species richness, and cover ofvascular plants in a 754 ha study site in RockyMountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A. Using 25...
High-Resolution Thermal Inertia Mapping from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer
M. T. Mellon, B. M. Jakosky, H. H. Kieffer, P. R. Christensen
2000, Icarus (148) 437-455
High-resolution thermal inertia mapping results are presented, derived from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations of the surface temperature of Mars obtained during the early portion of the MGS mapping mission. Thermal inertia is the key property controlling the diurnal surface temperature variations, and is dependent on...
Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses
Debi Kilb, J. Gomberg, P. Bodin
2000, Nature (408) 570-574
It is thought that small 'static' stress changes due to permanent fault displacement can alter the likelihood of, or trigger, earthquakes on nearby faults. Many studies of triggering in the nearfield, particularly of aftershocks, rely on these static changes as the triggering agent and consider them only in terms of...
Distribution of recoveries of Steller's Eiders banded on the lower Alaska Peninsula, Alaska
C.P. Dau, Paul L. Flint, Margaret R. Petersen
2000, Journal of Field Ornithology (71) 541-548
Molting adult Steller's Eiders (Polysticta stelleri) were banded at Izembek Lagoon (1961-1998) and Nelson Lagoon (1995-1997) along the lower Alaska Peninsula to determine breeding distribution and movements. Of 52,985 Steller's Eiders banded, 347 were recovered. The overall low recovery rate may not be indicative of harvest levels but may be...
Long-term immune dysfunction rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed as embryos to aflatoxin B1
C. A. Ottinger, S.L. Kaattari
2000, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (10) 101-106
No abstract available....
Wildlife tradeoffs based on landscape models of habitat preference
C. Loehle, M.S. Mitchell, M. White
2000, Conference Paper, NCASI Proceedings
Wildlife tradeoffs based on landscape models of habitat preference were presented. Multiscale logistic regression models were used and based on these models a spatial optimization technique was utilized to generate optimal maps. The tradeoffs were analyzed by gradually increasing the weighting on a single species in the objective function over...
Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817)
M. N. DiLauro, W.S. Kaboord, R.A. Walsh
2000, Canadian Journal of Zoology (78) 438-447
Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) sperm cell fine structure was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The cell possesses a distinct acrosome, a defined head region, a midpiece, and a single flagellum. Sperm cells of this species share a general radial symmetry, an elongate shape, a distinct acrosome, and the presence of...
Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements
D.C. Goodrich, R. Scott, J. Qi, B. Goff, C.L. Unkrich, M. S. Moran, D. Williams, S. Schaeffer, K. Snyder, R. MacNish, T. Maddock, D. Pool, A. Chehbouni, D.I. Cooper, W.E. Eichinger, W.J. Shuttleworth, Y. Kerr, R. Marsett, W. Ni
2000, Conference Paper, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
In many semi-arid basins during extended periods when surface snowmelt or storm runoff is absent, groundwater constitutes the primary water source for human habitation, agriculture and riparian ecosystems. Utilizing regional groundwater models in the management of these water resources requires accurate estimates of basin boundary conditions. A critical groundwater boundary...
Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration
J.E. Gross, F. J. Singer, M.E. Moses
2000, Restoration Ecology (8) 25-37
We simulated population dynamics of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) inhabiting six discrete habitat patches in the Badlands ecosystem, South Dakota. Modeled populations were subjected to a range of potential management actions and rates of disease-causing infection. Simulated disease varied in severity from mild (∼12% mortality) to severe (∼67% mortality), with...
Correlation of transforming growth factor-β messenger RNA (TGF-β mRNA) expression with cellular immunoassays in Triamcinolone-treated captive hybrid striped bass
Craig A. Harms, Christopher A. Ottinger, Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf
2000, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (12) 9-17
Assessing fish immune status with molecular markers has been hampered by a lack of specific reagents. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (reverse transcription quantitative–competitive PCR, RT-qcPCR) for measuring transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transcription from a broad range of teleost fish has recently been developed. The quantitative PCR now...
Tropical climate at the last glacial maximum inferred from glacier mass-balance modeling
S. W. Hostetler, P.U. Clark
2000, Science (290) 1747-1750
Model-derived equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of former tropical glaciers support arguments, based on other paleoclimate data, for both the magnitude and spatial pattern of terrestrial cooling in the tropics at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relative to the present, LGM ELAs were maintained by air temperatures that were 3.5??to 6.6...
Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation
R.J. Pike
2000, Tribology International (33) 593-600
The quantification of magnetic-tape and disk topography has a macro-scale counterpart in the Earth sciences - terrain modelling, the numerical representation of relief and pattern of the ground surface. The two practices arose independently and continue to function separately. This methodological paper introduces terrain modelling, discusses its similarities to and...
Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS
T.M. Zobeck, N. C. Parker, S. Haskell, K. Guoding
2000, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (82) 247-259
Factors that affect wind erosion such as surface vegetative and other cover, soil properties and surface roughness usually change spatially and temporally at the field-scale to produce important field-scale variations in wind erosion. Accurate estimation of wind erosion when scaling up from fields to regions, while maintaining meaningful field-scale process...
10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications
C. G. Newhall, S. Bronto, B. Alloway, N.G. Banks, I. Bahar, Del Marmol, R.D. Hadisantono, R. T. Holcomb, J. McGeehin, J.N. Miksic, M. Rubin, S.D. Sayudi, R. Sukhyar, Supriyati Andreastuti, R.I. Tilling, R. Torley, D. Trimble, A.D. Wirakusumah
2000, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (100) 9-50
Stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits at Merapi Volcano, Central Java, reveals ~10,000 years of explosive eruptions. Highlights include: (1) Construction of an Old Merapi stratovolcano to the height of the present cone or slightly higher. Our oldest age for an explosive eruption is 9630±60 14C y B.P.; construction...
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries
Craig A. Harms, Christopher A. Ottinger, Vicki S. Blazer, Christine L. Densmore, Laurence H. Pieper, Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf
2000, Environmental Health Perspectives (108) 447-452
Fish morbidity and mortality events in Chesapeake Bay tributaries have aroused concern over the health of this important aquatic ecosystem. We applied a recently described method for quantifying mRNA of an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), by reverse transcription quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction to a field study of fish...
Aquifer response to stream-stage and recharge variations. I. Analytical step-response functions
A.F. Moench, P. M. Barlow
2000, Journal of Hydrology (230) 192-210
Laplace transform step-response functions are presented for various homogeneous confined and leaky aquifer types and for anisotropic, homogeneous unconfined aquifers interacting with perennial streams. Flow is one-dimensional, perpendicular to the stream in the confined and leaky aquifers, and two-dimensional in a plane perpendicular to the stream in the water-table aquifers....
Diagenesis of the Purington Shale in the Illinois Basin and implications for the diagenetic state of sedimentary rocks of shallow Paleozoic basins
D.M. Moore
2000, Journal of Geology (108) 553-567
The clay minerals, micas, and feldspars of the Pennsylvanian-age Purington Shale have been more diagenetically active than generally recognized. They have undergone diagenetic changes comparable to those of Cenozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks buried three to four times as deeply and heated to approximately twice the temperature. The Purington Shale...
The Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit and wildlife education: Historic development, future challenges
John A. Bissonette, Cynthia S. Loftin, David M. Leslie Jr., L. A. Nordstrom, W. James Fleming
2000, Wildlife Society Bulletin (28) 534-541
In 1932, J. N. 'Ding' Darling proposed a 3-year tripartite arrangement between the Iowa Fish and Game Commission, Iowa State University, and himself to establish the first Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Three years later, the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Program was broadened to include 9 land-grant colleges representing recognized ecoregions...
Geochemical variations in Peoria Loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of midcontinental North America during last glaciation
D.R. Muhs, E. Arthur Bettis III
2000, Quaternary Research (53) 49-61
Peoria Loess deposited in western Iowa during the last glacial maximum (LGM) shows distinct geochemical and particle-size variations as a function of both depth and distance east of the Missouri River. Geochemical and particle-size data indicate that Peoria Loess in western Iowa probably had two sources: the Missouri River valley,...
Hydrogen defects in α-Al2O3 and water weakening of sapphire and alumina ceramics between 600 and 1000°C: I. Infrared characterization of defects
A. K. Kronenberg, J. Castaing, T. E. Mitchell, S. H. Kirby
2000, Acta Materialia (48) 1481-1494
Hydrogen impurities in materials influence their properties, including flow strength. α-Al2O3 single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics were annealed in supercritical water between 850 and 1025°C, under pressures in the range 1500–2000 MPa. A few specimens were further subjected to plastic deformation. Hydrogen penetration was examined using infrared absorption measurements of O–H...
