Formation and distribution of coal balls in the Herrin Coal (Pennsylvanian), Franklin County, Illinois Basin, USA
P.J. DeMaris
2000, Journal of the Geological Society (157) 221-228
Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater...
Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian Series, Stage, and possible substage boundaries
W. Ziegler, Charles Sandberg
2000, CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 335-347
Conodonts are accepted internationally to define Devonian Series and Stage boundaries. Hence, the evolution and taxonomy of pelagic palmatolepids, primarily Palmatolepis and its direct ancestor Mesotaxis, and shallow-water icriodontids, Icriodus, Pelekysgnathus, and "Icriodus", are the major tools for recognizing subdivisions of the Upper Devonian. Palmatolepids are the basis for the...
Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata
K.L. Hunter, J.L. Betancourt, B.R. Riddle, T. R. Van Devender, K.L. Cole, Spaulding W. Geoffrey
2000, Geologia Sudetica (33) 521-533
1 A classic biogeographic pattern is the alignment of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid races of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Mohave Deserts of western North America. We used statistically robust differences in guard cell size of modern plants and fossil leaves from packrat middens to map...
Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California
M.D. Petersen, C.H. Cramer, M.S. Reichle, A.D. Frankel, Thomas C. Hanks
2000, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (90) 1117-1132
We examine the difference between expected earthquake rates inferred from the historical earthquake catalog and the geologic data that was used to develop the consensus seismic source characterization for the state of California [California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Petersen et...
Hyporheic zone hydrological processes
K.E. Bencala
2000, Hydrological Processes (14) 2797-2798
No abstract available....
Hydrological Aspects of Weather Prediction and Flood Warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program
K.K. Droegemeier, J.D. Smith, S. Businger, C. Doswell III, J. Doyle, C. Duffy, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, T. Graziano, L.D. James, V. Krajewski, M. LeMone, D. Lettenmaier, C. Mass, R. Pielke Sr., P. Ray, S. Rutledge, J. Schaake, E. Zipser
2000, Conference Paper, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Among the many natural disasters that disrupt human and industrial activity in the United States each year, including tornadoes, hurricanes, extreme temperatures, and lightning, floods are among the most devastating and rank second in the loss of life. Indeed, the societal impact of floods has increased during the past few...
Science and the public self
R. Frodeman
2000, Technology in Society (22) 341-352
Scientists employed by agencies of the US government (and by extension, those working at universities who are recipients of federal grants) have distinctive responsibilities to the community that supports their work. Traditionally, such public scientists retreated behind a veil of objectivity thought to define scientific knowledge. But this approach today...
Mangrove peat analysis and reconstruction of vegetation history at the Pelican Cays, Belize
K.L. McKee, P.L. Faulkner
2000, Atoll Research Bulletin (468) 47-58
The substrate beneath mangrove forests in the Pelican Cays complex is predominately peat composed mainly of mangrove roots. Leaves and wood account for less than 20% of the peat mass. At Cat Cay, the depth of the peat ranges from 0.2 m along the shoreline to 1.65 m in the...
Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA
J. W. Jones
2000, IAHS-AISH Publication 507-512
The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density...
A hybrid orographic plus statistical model for downscaling daily precipitation in northern California
G.R. Pandey, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger, K.P. Georgakakos
2000, Journal of Hydrometeorology (1) 491-506
A hybrid (physical–statistical) scheme is developed to resolve the finescale distribution of daily precipitation over complex terrain. The scheme generates precipitation by combining information from the upper-air conditions and from sparsely distributed station measurements; thus, it proceeds in two steps. First, an initial estimate of the precipitation is made using a...
Heterozygosity and fitness: No strong association in Great Lakes populations of the zebra mussel, Dreissena Polymorpha (Pallas)
K.M. Lewis, J.L. Feder, T.G. Horvath, G. A. Lamberti
2000, Malacologia (42) 113-122
A number of studies have found positive associations between allozyme heterozygosity and fitness surrogates (e.g., body size and growth rate) for marine molluscs. We investigated whether similar relationships exist for freshwater populations of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Only one significant correlation between multi-locus heterozygosity and shell length was observed...
Sediment distribution and transport along a rocky, embayed coast: Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Bay, California
C. D. Storlazzi, M.E. Field
2000, Marine Geology (170) 289-316
Field measurements of beach morphology and sedimentology were made along the Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Bay, California, in the spring and summer of 1997. These data were combined with low-altitude aerial imagery, high-resolution bathymetry, and local geology to understand how coastal geomorphology, lithology, and tectonics influence the distribution and transport...
Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California
R.S. Oremland, P.R. Dowdle, S. Hoeft, J.O. Sharp, J.K. Schaefer, L.G. Miller, Blum J. Switzer, R. L. Smith, N.S. Bloom, D. Wallschlaeger
2000, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (64) 3073-3084
The stratified (meromictic) water column of alkaline and hypersaline Mono Lake, California, contains high concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic (~200 ??mol/L). Arsenic speciation changes from arsenate [As (V)] to arsenite [As (III)] with the transition from oxic surface waters (misolimnion) to anoxic bottom waters (monimolimnion). A radioassay was devised to...
Walnut creek watershed monitoring project, Iowa: Monitoring water quality in response to prairie restoration
K. E. Schilling, C. A. Thompson
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 1101-1114
Land use and surface water data for nitrogen and pesticides (1995 to 1997) are reported for the Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project, Jasper County Iowa. The Walnut Creek project was established in 1995 as a nonpoint source monitoring program in relation to watershed habitat restoration and agricultural management changes implemented...
Responses of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of water quality to a gradient of agricultural land use in the Yakima River Basin, Washington
T. F. Cuffney, M. R. Meador, S. D. Porter, M. E. Gurtz
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 259-270
The condition of 25 stream sites in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, were assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Multimetric condition indices were developed and used to rank sites on the basis of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. These indices showed that sites in the Cascades...
The bellerophont controversy revisited
J.A. Harper, H.B. Rollins
2000, American Malacological Bulletin (15) 147-156
An old controversy reestablished itself in the late 1970s and early 1980s that focused on the systematic placement of the enigmatic Bellerophontoidea (informally, "bellerophonts"), a group of planispirally coiled, wholly fossil molluscs. The controversy embraced three fundamental concepts that are based on different philosophical interpretations of shell form, muscle scar...
Ground deformation associated with the March 1996 earthquake swarm at Akutan volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry
Z. Lu, C. Wicks Jr., J.A. Power, D. Dzurisin
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 21483-21495
In March 1996 an intense swarm of volcano-tectonic earthquakes (???3000 felt by local residents, Mmax = 5.1, cumulative moment of 2.7 ??1018 N m) beneath Akutan Island in the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska, produced extensive ground cracks but no eruption of Akutan volcano. Synthetic aperture radar interferograms that span the...
Frequent non-storm washover of barrier islands, Pacific coast of Colombia
R.A. Morton, J.L. Gonzalez, G.I. Lopez, I.D. Correa
2000, Journal of Coastal Research (16) 82-87
Barrier islands of the Pacific coast of Colombia repeatedly experience severe washover even when breaking waves in the eastern Pacific are low and onshore winds are calm. On the barrier island of El Choncho, recent non-storm washover events have breached a new inlet, caused rapid beach retreat, destroyed a shoreline...
Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York
Barry P. Baldigo, G.B. Lawrence
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 60-76
The effects of acidification in lotic systems are not well documented. Spatial and temporal variability of habitat and water quality complicate the evaluation of acidification effects in streams and rivers. The Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the tributaries of which vary from well buffered to...
Testing methods to produce landscape-scale presettlement vegetation maps from the U.S. public land survey records
K.L. Manies, D.J. Mladenoff
2000, Landscape Ecology (15) 741-754
The U.S. Public Land Survey (PLS) notebooks are one of the best records of the pre-European settlement landscape and are widely used to recreate presettlement vegetation maps. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative ability of several interpolation techniques to map this vegetation, as sampled by the...
The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map
K. M. Shedlock, D. Giardini, G. Grunthal, P. Zhang
2000, Seismological Research Letters (71) 679-686
Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. National, state, and local governments, decision makers, engineers, planners, emergency response organizations, builders, universities, and the general public require seismic hazard estimates for land use planning, improved...
Urban sprawl leaves its PAH signature
P. C. Van Metre, B.J. Mahler, E. T. Furlong
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 4064-4070
The increasing vehicle traffic associated with urban sprawl in the United States is frequently linked to degradation of air quality, but its effect on aquatic sediment is less well-recognized. This study evaluates trends in PAHs, a group of contaminants with multiple urban sources, in sediment cores from 10 reservoirs and...
Tree recruitment and survival in rivers: Influence of hydrological process
J.M. Dorava, A.M. Milner
2000, Hydrological Processes (14) 3051-3074
The findings of a 14-year study of tree reproduction and survival in the Platte River, Nebraska, are presented. The study was initiated in 1985 to determine the causes and remedies of woodland expansion and channel narrowing, which have reduced potential roosting habitat for migratory avifauna such as the whooping crane...
Fractionation of selenium isotopes during bacterial respiratory reduction of selenium oxyanions
M.J. Herbel, T.M. Johnson, R.S. Oremland, T.D. Bullen
2000, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (64) 3701-3709
Reduction of selenium oxyanions by microorganisms is an important process in the biogeochemical cycling of selenium. Numerous bacteria can reduce Se oxyanions, which are used as electron acceptors during the oxidation of organic matter in anoxic environments. In this study, we used a double...
Quantification of the microphytobenthic primary production in european intertidal mudflats - A modelling approach
J. -M. Guarini, G. F. Blanchard, P. Gros
2000, Continental Shelf Research (20) 1771-1788
A deterministic model quantifying the dynamics of the microphytobenthic biomass in the first centimeter of the mud was formulated as part of the MAST-III/INTRMUD project. The main modelled processes are production by photosynthesis, active vertical migration of the microphytobenthos and global biomass losses, encompassing grazing, mortality and resuspension during immersion...
